Assessment of genetic divergence in diverse maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radheshyam Sharma ◽  
S. R. Maloo ◽  
Arunabh Joshi ◽  
Sharda Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Land Races ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cluster Distance

Genetic divergence assessed in twenty diverse genotypes of maize (<italic>Zea mays</italic> L.) using D<sup>2</sup> statistics for eleven characters enabled grouping of all the genotypes in five clusters. Test weight, leaf number, harvest index, days to 50 percent flowering and plant height were the major contributors for genetic diversity among the genotypes. Cluster II was the largest contained 6 genotypes followed by cluster III which possessed 5 genotypes. The cluster I, V and IV possessed 4, 3 and 2 genotypes, respectively. Each cluster has different types of genotypes irrespective to their nature of genetic make up belonging to hybrids, composites and land races. The cluster III exhibited maximum intra-cluster distance (30.92), while maximum inter-cluster distance was noted between cluster I and III (91.55).

scholarly journals Genetic divergence analysis in papaya (Carica papaya L.) Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-656
Author(s):  
N Ara ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
Ferdousi Begum ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
R Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Cluster Distance

The experiment on papaya (Carica papaya L.) consisting of fourteen genotypes from diversd gene pool was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during April 2013 to May 2014 to study the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence and eventually identification of suitable genotypes for use in breeding program. Multivariate analysis was subjected to assess the genetic diversity and Mahalanobis’ generalized distance (D2) was used to assess the divergence present among the genotypes. The fourteen genotypes were grouped into four clusters. The cluster IV had the maximum genotypes (5) followed by cluster I having 4 genotypes and cluster II having 3 genotypes. Cluster III had the minimum genotypes (2). The inter-cluster distances were greater than intra-cluster distances in all cases, suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The highest intracluster distance was observed in cluster III and the lowest in cluster II. The maximum inter-cluster distance was estimated between clusters I and IV (11.3212), moderate distance between clusters II and IV (9.961) and clusters III and IV (7.568), and that of the lowest between clusters I and III. Cluster III recorded the highest mean values for fruit length, plant height at last harvest, number of fruits/plant, weight of fruits/plant and fruit yield, while cluster IV exhibited the maximum mean values for pulp thickness, plant height at 1st harvest and the second highest mean values for fruit length, fruit breadth and TSS. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster III for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster IV which may produce new recombinants with desired traits.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 647-656, December 2016

Genetic variability, association studies and genetic divergence in Indian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) varieties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Panwar ◽  
Y.K. K. Sharma ◽  
R. S. Meena ◽  
R. K. Solanki ◽  
O. P. Aishwath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Total Divergence ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Indian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) varieties were biometrically studied for seed yield and yield contributing traits to assess genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence. Highly significant differences between varieties for all the studied traits were observed. Pooled results illustrated high estimates of PCV along with GCV for number of branches per plant, test weight, number of pods per plant, number of nodules per plant, plant height and seed yield per plant. High heritability along with genetic advance was recorded for plant height and test weight. Association studies showed highly significant positive correlation and high direct effect of test weight, plant height and number of pods per plant on seed yield. Diversity analysis grouped the set of 17 varieties into two clusters and there was lack of parallelism between genetic and geographic diversities. Intra cluster distance was the highest in cluster I than cluster II. Test weight (37.50%) contributed the maximum to total divergence, followed by plant height.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Diversity and Association of Quantitative Traits with Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Pandey ◽  
P John Anurag ◽  
DK Tiwari ◽  
SK Yadav ◽  
Binod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield

Context: Genetic diversity is pre-requisite for any crop improvement programme as it helps in the development of superior recombinants. Objectives: Recognizing the importance of genetic diversity in plant breeding experiments, the present research work was taken up to estimate genetic diversity in different accessions of rice for various agro-economically important characters. Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried out with 40 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes which were evaluated for yield and yield contributing traits in Kharif-2007-08. The data were recorded on 10 randomly selected plants from each replication for 12 quantitative characters studied. However days to 50% flowering was recorded on per plot basis. Mean values were subjected to analysis of variance to test the significance for each character. The genetic divergence was estimated and the grouping of the genotypes into cluster was done.Results: Sufficient amount of variability was found in the entire gene pool for all traits studied. The higher magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation was recorded for plant height, grain yield per hill, harvest index and biological yield per hill. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for harvest index, grain yield, plant height, biological yield, test weight, number of tillers per hill and number of spikelets per panicle suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. On the basis of Mahalanobis D2 statistics the genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. Plant height, biological yield and test weight contributed considerably, accounting for 86.16 % of total divergence. The genotypes superior in some clusters may be involve in a multiple crossing programme to recover transgressive segregants with high genetic yield potential and early maturity. Conclusion: The promising genotypes selected from diverse clusters should be involved in the hybridization programme in order to transfer some of the desirable yield contributing characters consisted by them.  Key words: Rice (Oryza sativa); genetic variability; diversity; clustering pattern DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7110J. bio-sci. 17: 77-82, 2009

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis for various morphological and quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Girnam Singh ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
L. K. Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The present investigation was carried out during 2011-12 in a randomized block design (RBD) with 35 diverse wheat genotypes to assess the genetic diversity for various morphological and quality traits. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its contributing components namely days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, productive tillers, plant height, spike length, spikelets pet spike, grains per spikelet, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and gluten content showed highly significant differences (at <1% level of significance) among the genotypes under present study. High heritability along with high genetic advance and high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for grain yield (g), biological yield (g), harvest index (%), spike length (cm) and 1000 grain weight (g) indicated substantial contribution of additive gene action in the expression and thus selection would be effective for genetic improvement of these traits for improving grain yield in wheat. On the basis of multivariate analysis, 35 genotypes were grouped into ‘6’ clusters based on genetic divergence (D2 ) value. The compositions of clusters revealed that the Cluster IV contained the highest number of genotypes (9) followed by Cluster II (8), Cluster VI (8) and Cluster III (7). The highest inter cluster values were recorded between cluster III and V (8357.19) followed by cluster IV and V (7513.88), cluster IV and VI (6009.44) and cluster III and VI (5530.40) exhibiting wide genetic diversity. Among different traits, biological yield (32.12%), productive tillers (28.74%), harvest index (26.71%), plant height (24.20%), grain yield (19.23%) and grains per spikelets (14.89%) had maximum contribution to total genetic divergence, therefore may be used as selection parameters in transgressive segregants. Selection of genotypes from the clusters may be used as potential donors for further hybridization programme to develop genotypes with high yield potential in wheat crop.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Studies in Seed Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
A. R. Patil G. C. Shinde ◽  
V. R. Awari S. I. Tambe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Diversity Studies

Thirty three seed cow genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. WALP) collected from different geographical region were assessed for their genetic divergence based on ten characters during kharif-2020 at Post Graduate Farm, MPKV, Rahuri. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters which indicating high genetic diversity among them. It indicated that genetic diversity and geographic diversity are not related. The present study revealed that days to 50% flowering contributed maximum (34.09%) for divergence followed by plant height (32.58%), number of pods per plant (10.98%) and test weight (8.71%). Based on inter-cluster distance, intra-cluster distance and per se performance the genotypes viz., CP-04, CP-10, CP-10R, PCP-1411, CP-37, CP-10R,CP-39 and Phule Sonali are suggested to utilize for future breeding programme.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity for Yield and Its Component Traits in Blackgram (Vigna mungo. L Hepper)

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Bairi Pallavi ◽  
Gaibriyal M. Lal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Pod Length

Thirty eight genotypes were subjected to genetic divergence by using D2 statistics. The genotypes were grouped into 7 clusters by D2 analysis. Cluster I consisted of maximum accessions (32) followed by cluster II, III IV, V, VI, VII consisted of only 1 accession. The inter-cluster distances were greater than intra-cluster distances, revealing that considerable amount of genetic diversity existed among the accessions. Maximum intra cluster distance was observed in cluster I (56.58) indicating that some genetic divergence still existed among the genotypes. This could be made use of in the yield improvement through recombination breeding. Highest mean values exhibited no. of seeds per plant in cluster II (198.97), days to maturity in cluster VII (93.11), harvest index in cluster V (76.15) and plant height in cluster IV (69.59). The character contribution maximum towards diversity among the accessions were seed yield per plant (18.40%), followed by harvest index (14.32%), biological yield (11.98%), no. of pods per plant (10.76%), pod length (9.80%) and no. of seeds per plant (7.56%). These characters combining with early maturity were the major traits causing genetic divergence among the accessions. It was assumed that maximum mount of heterosis will be manifested in cross combinations involving the parents belonging to most divergent clusters.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Character Associations for Yield and Its Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Pooran Chand ◽  
Ravi Singh Thapa ◽  
Tejbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Late Sowing

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) an important self-pollinated and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) cereal crop belongs to the grass family Gramineae (Poaceae). With the gradual increase in human population, there is a substantial increase in the demands for food requirements. Hence, increasing the wheat production is an important goal to overcome the demand of food. The only alternative is to increase productivity by better crop management techniques and introduction of high yielding varieties. The current study aimed to study the genetic diversity in wheat genotypes for further selection and utilization in breeding programmes and identification of transgressive segregants for genetic improvement in wheat crop. Methods: In the field investigation during 2017-2019, forty genotypes were evaluated at research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kisan P.G. College, Simbhaoli, Hapur (U.P). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected competitive plants from each genotype in each replication and recorded data from each replication was subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Significant differences were observed for all the characters studied in both environments (early and late). Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant and grain yield in both environments. Plant height, days to 50% heading and grain yield in early sowing and for plant height, gluten content and grain yield exhibited high heritability estimates in late sowing. Biological yield and harvest index showed positive and significant association with grain yield under both environments. Biological yield and harvest index have positive and direct effect on grain yield in both environments. Forty genotypes were grouped into seven clusters in early sowing and six clusters in late sowing. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters VI and IV in early sowing and between cluster III and II in Late sowing. Genotypes PBW-34 showed wide genetic diversity in both the environments (early and late sowing). Based on the divergence studies it is suggested that maximum heterosis and good recombinants could be obtained in crosses between the genotypes of clusters which showed highest inter cluster distance and these genotypes can be utilized in crop improvement programmes.

scholarly journals D2 statistical analysis of yield contributing traits in maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
FMA Haydar ◽  
NK Paul ◽  
MA Khaleque
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Range Of Variation

Investigation was carried out to determine the genetic divergence in the 25 maize inbred lines. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among all the inbreds. Inbreds were grouped into five clusters, indicating the presence of genetic diversity. The clusters I, IV and V had the highest number of inbreds (6). The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters I and III (19.279) and the highest intra-cluster distance was recorded in cluster III (0.243) and also wide range of variation was observed in cluster mean performance for the characters studied. Intercrossing among the inbreds belonging to clusters II and III was suggested to develop high yielding inbreds with desirable characters.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
N. A. Ivy ◽  
M. Shalim Uddin ◽  
R. Sultana ◽  
M. M. Masud
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Ear Height

Genetic divergence of 25 genotypes of maize were estimated using D2 and Principal Component Analysis. The genotypes under study fell into five clusters. The inter-cluster distances were higher than intra cluster distances suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The intra-cluster value was maximum in cluster V and minimum in cluster I. The inter cluster D2 values showed the maximum distance between cluster II and III followed by the distance between II and I. The cluster means were higher for days to maturity, plant height and ear height in cluster II; grain yield per plant was higher in cluster IV. Genotypes were much in use having the above mentioned characters in clusters II and IV would offer a good scope for the improvement of this crop through hybridization and rational selection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17027

scholarly journals Diversity Assessment of Some Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Northern Ghana Using Morphological and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Ruth Prempeh ◽  
Issahaku Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Land Races ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In Ghana, sesame is cultivated in some districts of northern Ghana. Genotypes cultivated are land races that are low yielding leading to decline in production. There is the need for improvement of these land races to generate high yielding cultivars. Characterization of genetic diversity of the sesame land races will be of great value in assisting in parental lines selection for sesame breeding programmes in Ghana. Twenty-five sesame land races were collected from five districts in northern Ghana noted for sesame cultivation. Seeds collected were planted in three replicates in randomized complete block design and were evaluated for a number of morphological characters. Data collected were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a dendrogram showing similarity between the accessions were drawn. Data on number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and plant height at flowering were subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat Discovery Edition 4. Molecular genetic diversity was assessed by using thirty eight SSR markers widely distributed across sesame genome to characterize the materials. Twenty-one out of the 38 primers were polymorphic. Cluster analyses using the Euclidean similarity test and a complete link clustering method were used to make a dendrogram out of the morphological data. Analysis of variance showed that capsule number was significantly different; a range of 54.9 and 146.7 was produced. The number of seeds per capsule varied significantly and the variation between highest and lowest accession in seed production was 33%. Plant height was also significantly different ranging from 60.6 to 94.1 cm. Using morphological traits the accessions clustered into two major groups and two minor groups and variation among accessions were 10-61%. On the other hand, SSR marker-based dendrogram revealed five major and two minor groups. It showed that variation among the accessions was low, 10-20%. Heterozygosity was 0.52, total alleles produced were 410, and average allele per locus was 19.52. Six accessions, C3, C4, S5, W1, W3, and W5 fell in five different clusters in the SSR dendrogram and in six clusters in the morphomolecular based dendrogram. These accessions were noted for high capsule number per plant and seeds number per capsule and are recommended for consideration as potential parental lines for breeding programme for high yield.

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