Impact of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on maize productivity vis-à-vis C and N dynamics of a sandy loam soil in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Yadav ◽  
C. M. Parihar ◽  
S. L. Jat ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Maize Protein ◽  
North Western ◽  
Soc Stocks

The study was conducted to evaluate long-term effect of legume intensified maize based crop rotations and contrasting tillage practices and a experiment was laid out in split plot design with three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage (ZT), permanent bed (PB) and conventional tillage (CT) as main plot treatments and four legume intensified crop rotations (MWMb - maize-wheat-mungbean, MCS - maize-chickpea-Sesbania, MMuMb - maize-mustard-mungbean and MMS - maize-maize-Sesbania) as sub-plot treatments. Adoption of CA based tillage practices (ZT/PB) significantly improved maize protein yield (MPY). ZT/PB gave 7.7-14.2% higher MPY(Maize protein yield and 7.4-13.0% higher MPYA (maize protein yield for adults) over CT. Similarly, the MPY and MPYA under legume intensified cereal based rotations were invariably higher in MCS and MWMb systems compared to MMuMb and MMS rotations.The total soil nitrogen (TSN) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively. However, among the legume intensified rotations the maize planted under MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30cm) higher TSN over MMuMb and MMS rotation. Similarly, adoption of the CA practices (ZT/PB) resulted into significant improvement in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks compared to CT. ZT and PB among the tillage practices and MCS crop rotations among the sub-plot treatments registered higher Leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) compared to other management practices. Interaction effect of tillage practices and crop rotations were significant for MPY, MPYA, TSN and SOC stocks and all these parameters were reported maximum with ZT-MCS. Thus, our study suggests that CA based crop management with legume diversified maize based rotations (MCS and MWMb) can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in north-western India and other similar agro-ecologies of South Asia.

Long term effect of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity and profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil fertility in North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Yadav ◽  
C. M. Parihar ◽  
S. L. Jat ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Western India ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
North Western

The present study was planned to evaluate the long term effect of legume intensified maize based crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity, profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil health. The experiment consisted of three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage (ZT), permanent bed (PB) and conventional tillage (CT) as main plot treatments and four crop rotations (MWMb; maize-wheat-mungbean, MCS; maize-chickpea-Sesbania, MMuMb; maize-mustard-mungbean, MMS; maize-maize-Sesbania) as sub plot treatments. Results revealed that ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in grain (7.7-14.2%) and stover yield (7.4-13.0%) of maize over CT. Similarly, maize grain and stover yield were invariably higher in MCS and MWMb systems compared to MMuMb and MMS rotations. The total soil carbon (TSC) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively. However, MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15 cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30 cm) higher TSC over MMuMb rotation. Similarly, ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in available soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) compared to CT. ZT/PB under MCS crop rotations registered higher net returns and BC ratio compared to rest of the treatment combinations. Interaction effect of tillage and crop rotations were significant (P less than 0.05) for stover yield, net returns, BC ratio and TSC and all these parameters were reported maximum with ZT-MCS. Thus, the present study suggests that CA based crop management practices can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in north-western India.

Studies on Transpiration Suppressants on Spring Sorghum in North-Western India in Relation to Soil Moisture Regimes. II. Effect on Growth and Nutrient Uptake

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
D. Boobathi Babu ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western India ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and spraying of transpiration suppressants on growth and nutrient uptake by spring sorghum (CSH 6) have been investigated. Crop growth, measured by plant-height, leaf area index and dry matter production, and uptake of N, P and K increased with more frequent irrigation and in response to the spraying of transpiration suppressants. Foliar applications of atrazine at 200 g ha−1 and CCC at 300 ml ha−1 proved to be the best in this NW Indian location.

Studies on Transpiration Suppressants on Spring Sorghum in North-Western India in Relation to Soil Moisture Regimes. II. Effect on Growth and Nutrient Uptake

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boobathi Babu ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Western India ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and spraying of transpiration suppressants on growth and nutrient uptake by spring sorghum (CSH 6) have been investigated. Crop growth, measured by plant-height, leaf area index and dry matter production, and uptake of N, P and K increased with more frequent irrigation and in response to the spraying of transpiration suppressants. Foliar applications of atrazine at 200 g ha−1 and CCC at 300 ml ha−1 proved to be the best in this NW Indian location.

scholarly journals Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics, Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Preeti Chaudhary ◽  
. Vivek ◽  
R. K. Naresh ◽  
B. P. Dhyani ◽  
M. Sharath Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Weed Population

A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. during kharif (July –October), 2019 in randomised block design with three replications. The study comprised of ten different statistical treatments for weed management practices in transplanted rice and various observations were recorded during the crop growth period. The results indicated that the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT significantly reduced the weed population and dry weight over weedy check. The highest plant height, number of tillers (m-2), dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, panicle length, filled grains, unfilled grains, higher protein content, 1000-grain weight and grain yield (38.80 q ha-1), were recorded with the application of Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT, which established itssuperiority over rest of the herbicidal treatments. Among weed management treatments, Pretilachlor (750 g a.i/ha) at 3 DAT + Penoxsulam (22 g a.i/ha) at 20 DAT (T8) found excellent to control weed population and increase growth parameter, yield attributes and crop productivity.

scholarly journals Soil application of boron impacts its solubility, yield and fibre quality of cotton in calcareous soils of North-western India

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1543
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
◽  
D. Kumar ◽  
K.S. Sekhon ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Western India ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
North Western

Aim: To investigate that application of boron (0-2.5 mg kg-1 soil, as borax and granubor) to calcareous soil in North-western India affectes its solubility in soil, yield and fibre quality characters of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Methodology: A field study was conducted to estimate and enumerate the influence of B application (as borax and granubor @ 0-2.5 mg B kg-1 soil; B0-B2.5) on cotton yield and yield contributing attributes ascribed to change in different fractions of variable solubility in B deficient (available B=0.21 mg kg-1) calcareous sandy loam soil. This field experiment was set up in a plot size of 2.7m X 3.75 m with three replications arranged in RBD in factorial combinations. Results: Mean lint and cotton seed yield increased significantly under B1.0, compared with control (B0). Boron concentration in roots, leaves, petioles, bolls, sympodial and monopodial branches, seeds and lint increased significantly (p<0.05) with 1.0 mg B kg-1 application (B1.0). Boron application (B2.0) significantly augmented the mean uniformity ratio by ~4.8%, compared with B0, while the fibre strength and staple length increased significantly in B1.5 treatment. The micronaire value of lint decreased significantly from 4.84 (in B0) to 4.25 µg inch-1 in B2.5 treated plots. Boron application caused notable augmentation in B concentration in its reservoirs/pools of variable solubility; oxide bound fraction being smallest (~0.34% of total B), while residual B the largest fraction (~95% of total B). Boron sources had meagre affect and did not vary remarkably for B concentration in different vegetative plant parts, cotton yield and contributing attributes and B fractions of variable solubility in calcareous soil. Interpretation: The findings of study divulged that soil applied B significantly augmented cotton yield and its yield contributing attributes owing to augmented solubility of B in a calcareous soil. Different B fractions evinced a significant (p<0.05) relationship with yield attributes, indicating their significance for increased B uptake which impacts the seed cotton yield in a calcareous soil. These experimental outcomes highlight the overwhelming significance of soil application of B for increased cotton productivity with improved fibre quality.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Nitrate-N under Rice-Wheat System in Riparian Wetlands of Punjab, North-Western India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Bhupinder S. Farmaha ◽  
Pritpal-Singh ◽  
Bijay-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Western India ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
North Western

The nitrate (NO3−) leaching assessment from extensive fertilizer nitrogen (N) applications to croplands is crucial to optimize fertilizer-N recommendations that do not threaten the quality of drinking groundwater. SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant), a water balance model, was linked with ANIMO (Agricultural NItrogen MOdel), a nitrate leaching model and the Geographical Information System (GIS) to assess the spatial and temporal leaching of NO3−-N from fields under rice-wheat cropping system in the riparian wetlands in the Punjab in north-western India. The results revealed that NO3−-N concentration in the groundwater exceeded the 10 mg NO3−-N L−1 limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water only during December–January. The verification of these results using measured values indicated that the SWAP-ANIMO model satisfactorily predicted NO3−-N concentrations in the leachate in the vadose zone. A low value of the mean absolute error (0.5–1.4) and a root mean square error (0.6–1.5) was observed between the measured and the predicted NO3−-N concentration across the soil profile during the validation at five sampling sites. The NO3−-N predictions revealed that in the long-term, the ongoing fertilizer-N management practices in the riparian wetlands will not significantly change the average NO3−-N concentration in the groundwater. The modeling approach was satisfactory for an efficient quantitative assessment of NO3−-N pollution in groundwater while accounting for the spatial and temporal variability.

Gastrointestinal Protective Effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd Leaf Extract Against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH Induced Ulcers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Shweta Jain ◽  
Sourabh Jain ◽  
Nagendra S. Chauhan ◽  
Ankur Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Western India ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
North Western

Background: Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) is a straggling shrub or a small tree, armed with spines, found throughout north western India, Pakistan and China. Methods: The aerial and root barks, leaves and fruits of Zizyphus species are used in medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as weakness, liver complaints, obesity, diabetes, skin infections, fever, diarrhea, insomnia and digestive disorders. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd was prepared by solvent extraction and subjected to study the protective effect against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH induced ulcer using Ranitidine (100 mg/kg) and Omeprazole (8 mg/kg) as standard respectively. Results: Histopathological lesions with marked disorientation of the gastric epithelium was observed in negative control, while extract treated rats showed a better protected mucosa with intact epithelium in comparison to standard treated rats. Ulcer index and percentage ulcer protection also represent protecting effects of the extract. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus (Retz) Willd leaves extract was found to be significantly protective against gastric ulcers.

Assessment of sowing dates and plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for soybean maturity groups in low latitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L. S. Sampaio ◽  
R. Battisti ◽  
M. A. Lana ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Crop models can be used to explain yield variations associated with management practices, environment and genotype. This study aimed to assess the effect of plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for low latitudes. The crop model was calibrated and evaluated using data from field experiments, including plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants per m2), maturity groups (MG 7.7 and 8.8) and sowing dates (calibration: 06 Jan., 19 Jan., 16 Feb. 2018; and evaluation: 19 Jan. 2019). The model simulated phenology with a bias lower than 2 days for calibration and 7 days for evaluation. Relative root mean square error for the maximum leaf area index varied from 12.2 to 31.3%; while that for grain yield varied between 3 and 32%. The calibrated model was used to simulate different management scenarios across six sites located in the low latitude, considering 33 growing seasons. Simulations showed a higher yield for 40 pl per m2, as expected, but with greater yield gain increments occurring at low plant density going from 10 to 20 pl per m2. In Santarém, Brazil, MG 8.8 sown on 21 Feb. had a median yield of 2658, 3197, 3442 and 3583 kg/ha, respectively, for 10, 20, 30 and 40 pl per m2, resulting in a relative increase of 20, 8 and 4% for each additional 10 pl per m2. Overall, the crop model had adequate performance, indicating a minimum recommended plant density of 20 pl per m2, while sowing dates and maturity groups showed different yield level and pattern across sites in function of the local climate.

scholarly journals Agro-Economic Evaluation of Alternative Crop Management Options for Teff Production in Midland Agro-Ecology, Ethiopia

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
Mitsuru Tsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weed Population

Teff is an important crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Improved crop management practices are needed to increase teff productivity and decrease production costs. Here, we used a split–split plot design to evaluate the impacts of different tillage, sowing, and soil compaction practices, and their combinations, on agronomic performance, weed population, lodging, and cost in teff production at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia in 2018–2020. Reduced tillage (RT) improved soil moisture, resulting in increased agronomic performance and decreased production costs compared with conventional tillage (CT); however, the weed population was substantially larger with RT than with CT. Row planting (RP) reduced seed cost and lodging but increased sowing and weeding costs compared with broadcast planting (BP). Plant population and leaf area index were substantially greater with BP than with RP during early-stage growth, but this reversed during late-stage growth. Despite labor costs being significantly greater with (WC) compaction than without (NC), little to no differences were observed in the weed population or in agronomic performance. Partial cost–benefit analysis revealed that RT–RP–WC followed by RT–RP–NC was the most economical treatment combination, suggesting that RT–RP–NC could be a labor-effective means of increasing teff production by smallholder farms in Ethiopia.

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