scholarly journals T-CELL REACTIVITY TO ANTIGENS OF STREPTOCOCCUS IN ERYZIPELAS PATIENTS ON LASER THERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Olga F. Belaia ◽  
S. A. Potekaeva ◽  
E. V. Volchkova ◽  
O. A. Payevskaya ◽  
S. N. Zuevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Leukocyte Migration ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

Erysipelas is a widespread infectious disease, with severe hemorrhagic forms, frequent recurrence and complications. Activation of T-cell immunity by individual streptococcus antigens determines the nature of the course and outcomes of erysipelas. Laser therapy is widely used in the treatment of erysipelas, however, indications for its purpose are often empirical, laboratory criteria for indications for purpose are absent. The goal is to study the effectiveness of infrared laser therapy in terms of the dynamics of leukocyte migration in vitro in response to S. pyogenes antigens. Materials and methods. 95 patients with erysipelas (55 women and 40 men) aged 20-65 years were examined, of which 34 were with primary erysipelas of extremity, 23 were with face erysipelas, 39 were with relapsed l erysipelas of extremity. All patients received basic antibiotic therapy. Laser therapy of the local focus area was performed in 30 of them. The leukocyte migration is determined in vitro by screening test of cell migration (STCM) during stimulation with polysaccharide, surface proteins, and the antigen of L-forms of S. pyogenes in various concentrations. Results. Laser therapy of patients with erysipelas had a noticeable immunomodulatory effect in the reaction of blood cells to the polysaccharide and surface proteins. At the same time, in patients with erythematous-hemorrhagic form of erysipelas, the clinical effect was manifested in a shorter duration of erythema, edema, hemorrhages, and regional lymphadenitis. Conclusion. The STCM method, which makes it possible to evaluate the migration of leukocytes to the surface specific antigens of streptococcus, can be used as a screening method for patients with erysipelas, in whom laser therapy may have a more pronounced effect.

scholarly journals Evaluation of T Cell Immunity against Human Cytomegalovirus: Impact on Patient Management and Risk Assessment of Vertical Transmission

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Freer ◽  
Paola Quaranta ◽  
Mauro Pistello
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common infectious agents, infecting the general population at an early age without causing morbidity most of the time. However, on particular occasions, it may represent a serious risk, as active infection is associated with rejection and disease after solid organ transplantation or fetal transmission during pregnancy. Several methods for CMV diagnosis are available on the market, but because infection is so common, careful selection is needed to discriminate primary infection from reactivation. This review focuses on methods based on CMV-specific T cell reactivity to help monitor the consequences of CMV infection/reactivation in specific categories of patients. This review makes an attempt at discussing the pros and cons of the methods available.

scholarly journals BCG Vaccine Derived Peptides Induce SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Cross-Reactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Eggenhuizen ◽  
Boaz H. Ng ◽  
Janet Chang ◽  
Ashleigh L. Fell ◽  
Rachel M. Y. Cheong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

Epidemiological studies and clinical trials suggest Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has protective effects against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are now over 30 clinical trials evaluating if BCG vaccination can prevent or reduce the severity of COVID-19. However, the mechanism by which BCG vaccination can induce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses is unknown. Here, we identify 8 novel BCG-derived peptides with significant sequence homology to either SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 or NSP13-derived peptides. Using an in vitro co-culture system, we show that human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells primed with a BCG-derived peptide developed enhanced reactivity to its corresponding homologous SARS-CoV-2-derived peptide. As expected, HLA differences between individuals meant that not all persons developed immunogenic responses to all 8 BCG-derived peptides. Nevertheless, all of the 20 individuals that were primed with BCG-derived peptides developed enhanced T cell reactivity to at least 7 of 8 SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides. These findings provide an in vitro mechanism that may account, in part, for the epidemiologic observation that BCG vaccination confers some protection from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Impact of pre-existing T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in uninfected individuals with COVID-19 mortality in different countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadi V. Glinsky
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

AbstractSeveral recent studies identified SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells in people without exposure to the virus. However, pathophysiological implications of these findings remain unknown. Here, the potential impact of pre-existing T cell reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 in uninfected individuals on markedly different COVID-19 mortality levels in different countries has been investigated. The inverse correlation is documented between the prevalence of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells in people without exposure to the virus and COVID-19 mortality rates in different countries. In countries with similar levels of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells in uninfected individuals, differences in COVID-19 mortality appear linked with the extend and consistency of implementations of social measures designed to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (lockdown; physical distancing; mask wearing). Collectively, these observations support the model that the level of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells is one of the important determinants of the innate herd immunity against COVID-19. Together with the consistent social measures directed to limit the virus spread, high levels of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells appear significant determinants diminishing the COVID-19 mortality. Observations reported in this contribution should have significant impact on definitions of the herd immunity threshold required to effectively stop the pandemic in different countries across the globe.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions induced by proton pump inhibitors: A clinical and in vitro T-cell reactivity study

Allergy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-y. Lin ◽  
C.-W. Wang ◽  
C.-Y. R. Hui ◽  
Y.-C. Chang ◽  
C.-H. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
T Cell Reactivity ◽  
Reactivity Study

scholarly journals Preserved T cell reactivity to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant indicates continued protection in vaccinated individuals.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo De Marco ◽  
Silvia D'Orso ◽  
Marta Pirronello ◽  
Alice Verdiani ◽  
Andrea Termine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
T Cell Reactivity ◽  
Study Setting

Importance: The emergence of the highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and the findings of a significantly reduced neutralizing potency of sera from convalescent or vaccinated individuals imposes the study of cellular immunity to predict the degree of immune protection to the yet again new coronavirus. Design: Prospective monocentric observational study. Setting: Conducted between December 20-21 at the Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS. Participants: 61 volunteers (Mean age 41.62, range 21-62; 38F/23M) with different vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection backgrounds donated 15 ml of blood. Of these donors, one had recently completed chemotherapy, and one was undergoing treatment with monoclonal antibodies; the others reported no known health issue. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): The outcomes were the measurement of T cell reactivity to the mutated regions of the Spike protein of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant and the assessment of remaining T cell immunity to the spike protein by stimulation with peptide libraries. Results: Lymphocytes from freshly drawn blood samples were isolated and immediately tested for reactivity to the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. T cell responses to peptides covering the mutated regions in the Omicron variant were decreased by over 47% compared to the same regions of the ancestral vaccine strain. However, overall reactivity to the peptide library of the full-length protein was largely maintained (estimated 83%). No significant differences in loss of immune recognition were identified between groups of donors with different vaccination and/or infection histories. Conclusions and Relevance: We conclude that despite the mutations in the Spike protein, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is nonetheless recognized by the cellular component of the immune system. It is reasonable to assume that protection from hospitalization and severe disease is maintained.

Cytolytic T Cell Reactivity to Epstein-Barr Virus Is Lost During In Vitro T Cell Expansion

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Carlens ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
O. Ringdén ◽  
J. Aschan ◽  
B. Christensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
T Cell Expansion ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

scholarly journals Immunodominant T-cell epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen reveal robust pre-existing T-cell immunity in unexposed individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil Mahajan ◽  
Vasumathi Kode ◽  
Keshav Bhojak ◽  
Coral Karunakaran ◽  
Kayla Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
T Cell Reactivity ◽  
Shared Epitopes

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a range of disease phenotypes in infected patients with asymptomatic, mild, or severe clinical outcomes, but the mechanisms that determine such variable outcomes remain unresolved. In this study, we identified immunodominant CD8 T-cell epitopes in the spike antigen using a novel TCR-binding algorithm. The predicted epitopes induced robust T-cell activation in unexposed donors demonstrating pre-existing CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 antigen. The T-cell reactivity to the predicted epitopes was higher than the Spike-S1 and S2 peptide pools in the unexposed donors. A key finding of our study is that pre-existing T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is contributed by TCRs that recognize common viral antigens such as Influenza and CMV, even though the viral epitopes lack sequence identity to the SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. This finding is in contrast to multiple published studies in which pre-existing T-cell immunity is suggested to arise from shared epitopes between SARS-CoV-2 and other common cold-causing coronaviruses. However, our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 reactive T-cells are likely to be present in many individuals because of prior exposure to flu and CMV viruses.

RAS peptide vaccination in resected pancreatic cancer patients - persistence of anti tumour response and long term survival

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4543-4543 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Buanes ◽  
S. Bernhardt ◽  
K. Lislerud ◽  
I. Gladhaug ◽  
M. Moeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immunological Memory ◽  
Peptide Vaccination ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

4543 Background: K-RAS mutations are found in most adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and targeting mutant RAS by vaccination may be of clinical importance. The present follow-up study was performed to determine whether or not mutant RAS specific T cells were still present in long term survivors seven to nine years after postoperative adjuvant vaccination with synthetic mutant RAS peptides Methods: During 1995–98, all together 23 patients were recruited into two clinical studies. The patients in CTN95002 (n = 10) were given a single mutant RAS peptide (100μg) corresponding to the RAS mutation identified in the patient’s tumor. Patients in CTN98010 (n = 13) were given a mixture of seven mutant RAS peptides, (700μg), corresponding to the most common mutations in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, in a 10 week vaccination regimen, using GM-CSF as an adjuvant, and boosters for an extended period. Immune responses were measured as skin reaction (DTH) and/or in vitro T-cell response. Blood samples from the five patients, still alive in 2006, were investigated by in vitro T-cell proliferation assay for immunological memory. Results: The five surviving patients were all immune responders during the primary vaccination period. Analysis of T-cell reactivity was performed seven (one patient), eight (one patient) and nine years (three patients) after resection/vaccination. Three patients still showed immune responses against the vaccine given previously. T cell reactivity against the Gly12Val mutation was observed in one patient receiving this peptide. In another patient a strong T cell reactivity against all seven peptides present in the vaccine, was observed. Conclusions: Long term survival beyond seven to nine years was only found in patients who primarily responded immunologically on the RAS-vaccination. Long term immunological memory can be induced by peptide vaccination. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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