scholarly journals The experience with the application of multimodal anesthesia in pediatric ophthalmology for the treatment of the children presenting with retinopathy of prematurity

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Sergeevna Korobova ◽  
L. M Balashova ◽  
E. V Poduskov ◽  
Yu. D Kuznetsova ◽  
T. A Milashchenko ◽  
...  

Purpose. The objective of the present study was the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness and adequacy of the regional anesthetic medication as a component of multimodal anesthesia applied in ophthalmological surgery for the treatment of the children presenting with retinopathy of prematurity. Materials and methods. The study included the comparative analysis of anesthetic support in 120 cases of the surgical intervention for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in the children at the age varying from 1 month to 1 year. The comparison involved three groups of the patients. The main group was comprised of the children treated with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent paracetamol in the combination with retrobulbar (peribulbar) or infraocular anesthesia and the peripheral van Lint block (14 anesthesias). The control group 1 consisted of the children treated with the narcotic analgesic fentanyl (46 anesthesias) while the control group 2 was composed of the children (n = 60) given inhalation anesthesia with the use of oxygen, nitrous oxide, and sevorane). The principal hemodynamic characteristics including the heart rate, mean, systemic, systolic, and diastolic arterial pressure as well as electrocardiogram, concentration of inhalation anesthetics, capnometry, and the blood oxygenation level were monitored. In addition, the severity of pain and the frequency of apnoea during the postoperative period were evaluated. Results. The application of regional anesthesia with the use of a 0.2% solution of naropin in ophthalmological surgery for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in the children ensures strong enough anesthetic effect in the absence of the additional therapeutic interventions that might influence the hemodynamic characteristics and allows to refuse to use narcotic preparations as well as reduce the concentration of inhalation anesthetics. This method improves the course of the postoperative period by virtue of the long-standing anesthetic effect, rapid restoration of consciousness, the absence of postoperative apnoea, reduction of the postoperative starvation time, and the promotion of accelerated rehabilitation of the patients.

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Berik Tuishiev ◽  
Gulzhan Bayzhan ◽  
Sabina Samitova

Objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of closed-loop surgeries with the planned duration of cardiopulmonary bypass more than 2 hours in the immediate postoperative period. Materials and methods. A study was carried out in the clinic over 10 patients (average age 47-56 years) with Diagnoses: Ascending aortic aneurysm, FC 3 aortic valve insufficiency, who underwent surgery for ascending aorta replacement, aortic valve replacement with coronary artery reimplantation. The patients were divided into 2 groups, the 1st group (5 patients) is the control group using an open cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, the 2nd group (5 patients) is the patients using a closed cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. The total time of cardiopulmonary bypass in both groups was 125-187 minutes. Results. In the 2nd study group, drainage blood loss significantly decreased, on average 60-100 ml compared to the control group, where the average drainage loss was 600-1500 ml. The need for blood transfusion was 5.1% in the 2nd group, compared with 43.4% in the control group. In the study group 2, the number of platelets in the postoperative period in patients was higher than in the control group. Conclusion. This study shows that a closed circuit, compared to an open one, allows complex heart surgeries with a planned duration of extracorporeal circulation of more than 2-3 hours.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Argunova ◽  
A Korotkevich ◽  
E Moskin ◽  
S Pomeshkina ◽  
O Barbarash

Abstract Purpose To assess serial changes in the morphological and functional parameters, and indicators of myocardial perfusion in the perioperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), depending on the preoperative management strategy. Methods 60 male patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) were randomized into two groups before on-pump CABG. Group 1 patients (n=30, aged of 61.5 [56; 63] years) underwent treadmill training at 80% of VO2max for a 7-day period. Group 2 patients (n=30, aged of 62.0 [56; 64] years) underwent routine management without prehabilitation. Cardiac morphological and functional parameters were evaluated using echocardiography in the preoperative period and 5–7 days after CABG. Adenosine loading single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to measure the parameters of myocardial perfusion before and after the indexed CABG. Data were processed using the QPS program (Cedars Sinai Medical Center (USA)) and the 17-segment polar mapping. Statistical analysis was performed using commercially available Statistica 10.0 software package (Statsoft, USA). Results Both groups demonstrated a decrease in LVEF in the postoperative period. However, an LVEF decline in Group 1 patients was less significant (p=0.00015) than in the control group (p=0.000003). LV end-systolic dimension increased by 8.5% and LV end-systolic volume by 18% in patients who underwent prehabilitation as compared to the baseline, whereas these changes were more pronounced in the control group (17% (p=0.00029) and 41% (p=0.00028), respectively). Group 1 patients demonstrated better myocardial perfusion parameters in the postoperative period. Patients in the prehabilitation group reported higher accumulation levels of radiopharmaceuticals in the basal (75.0 [72.5; 80] and 72.0 [70; 75]%, p=0.036), middle (87.0 [83; 91] and 81.0 [77; 84]%, p=0.012) and apical (86.0 [82; 89] and 82.0 [78; 86]%, p=0.037) myocardium as compared with those in the control group. The stress-induced ischemia (SDS) was less pronounced in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p=0.025). Conclusion Optimized myocardial remodeling parameters and improved myocardial perfusion in the postoperative period have proved the effectiveness of high intensity physical trainings introduced in the prehabilitation program for CABG. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Taş

Abstract Background The early postoperative period can be distressing for the patients undergoing rhinoplasty since edema and ecchymosis are common complications. Objectives To analyze the effects of the vibration and pressure treatments in the early postoperative period of rhinoplasty. Methods Sixty patients, who had undergone rhinoplasty, were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 (control group, n = 20) received classic nasal casting, group 2 (n = 20) received nasal cast with an elastic bandage to hold it on the face, and group 3 (n = 20) received vibration treatment in addition to that in group 2 following the rhinoplasty. They were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 and 7 days in a prospective study. The postoperative edema and ecchymosis were scored by 2 independent surgeons. The postoperative pain was measured using the visual analog scale, and the necessity of anti-inflammatory medication (and the dose needed) and the cast comfort was questioned. The sebaceous activity of the nose skin was examined. A preoperative and postoperative seventh day sonographic study was performed to evaluate the tissue edema objectively. Results The pressure treatment decreased the edema and ecchymosis significantly compared with the control group. The vibration treatment minimized edema, ecchymosis, sebaceous activity of the nose skin, pain score, and the need for anti-inflammatory medication, and increased the cast comfort significantly compared with the other groups (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Rapid regression of edema and ecchymosis may be achieved using the vibrating nasal cast technique that may minimize patient discomfort, pain, and sebaceous activity following rhinoplasty. Level of Evidence: 1


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
T. S. Agzamxodjaev ◽  
Otabek Ya. Fayziev ◽  
A. S. Yusupov ◽  
N. N. Turaevna

Introduction. The article presents findings which may be useful for solving an urgent medical problem on the adequacy of anesthetic management during planned surgical interventions in children with abdominal pathology. Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of combined multimodal anesthesia and multicomponent neuroleptanalgesia in abdominal interventions in children by evaluating central and peripheral hemodynamics. Material and methods. 96 children, aged 1-17, who had various surgical pathologies and were operated on, were examined. In 52% of patients (n = 50), a combined multimodal anesthesia with Propofol, Fentanyl, epidural anesthesia and Sevoflurane was used (main group 1); and in 48% of patients (n = 46), a multicomponent neuroleptanalgesia with Droperidol and Fentanyl combined with epidural anesthesia was used (control group 2) . Results. Trial findings showed that hemodynamics stability is determined by a differential blockade of sympathetic fibers and by a gradual development of epidural block at the level of segmental innervation of surgical intervention zone, thus preventing disorders in parameters of central hemodynamics. Conclusion. The combined multimodal anesthesia as a part of epidural block and inhalation anesthesia with Sevoflurane contributes to a high controllability of anesthesia, to the smooth course of the most traumatic stage, early enteral nutrition, early activation and rehabilitation of patients, starting from the first hours in the intensive care unit, which is an important factor in the prevention of postoperative complications.


Author(s):  
A. Yu. Razumovsky ◽  
A. B. Alkhasov ◽  
S. M. Bataev ◽  
G. Yu. Chumakova ◽  
A. S.. Zadvernyuk

Purpose. A prospective study was carried out. It compared treatment outcomes in children who underwent esophagoplasty with stomach or colon esophagoplasty.Materials and methods. Clinical records of 172 patients who underwent esophagoplasty at N. F. Filatov Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 13 of Moscow from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed. The operated children were divided into two groups. 46 children from group 1 (basic group) aged 2 months to 13 years underwent esophagoplasty with stomach. 126 children aged 2 months to 18 years who had colon esophagoplasty were enrolled in group 2 (control group). In both groups, the majority was presented by children with atresia and corrosive strictures of esophagus. Clinical observation, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, contrast radiography, CT and MRI study, survey of patients were used to estimate direct and remote treatment outcomes.Results. The analyzed groups were comparable for the course of the early postoperative period. The early postoperative period had no complications in 54% of cases in group I and in 54.4% of cases in group II. Recurrent surgeries for complications were more frequent in group I (23.9%) as compared to group II until signifcant indices were reached (10.3%, p = 0.04). In the comparison groups, patients’ quality of life were signifcantly different by the rate of almost any complications in the remote period. They demonstrated better quality of life for children after colon esophagoplasty.Conclusion. Higher quality of life in children after colon esophagoplasty compared to children following esophagoplasty with stomach indicates that this is a surgery of choice in children.


Author(s):  
Mustafa Salah Hasan ◽  
Ayman Barzan Abdulgafor ◽  
Maher Saber Owain ◽  
Mohammed Ali Hussein ◽  
Qusay Mohammed Aboud ◽  
...  

This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.


Author(s):  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Zeina A Munim Al-Thanoon ◽  
Mustafa Basil ◽  
Nasih A Al-Kazzaz

Iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine (DFO),the current standard for the treatment of iron overload in patients with betathalassemia,requires regular subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. This can lead to reduced quality of life and poor adherence,resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in iron-overloaded patients with beta-thalassemia. Deferasirox (DFX) is an orally administered iron chelator that has been approved for use in many countries. The requirement of an effective,well tolerated iron chelator with a less demanding mode of administration has led to the development of deferasirox. The present study was aimed to compare the satisfaction and compliance with deferoxamine versus deferasirox (Exjade®),a novel oral iron chelator in patients with transfusion - dependent beta- thalassemia. A cross-sectional,single-center investigation study was carried out in the Thalassemia Center of Ibn-Atheer Teaching Hospital in Nineveh province,Iraq. One hundred and eight thalassemic patients aged between 2- 20 years old having received multiple blood transfusions and a serum ferritin greater than 1500 ng/ml. Patients were randomised into two groups. Group 1 received deferoxamine at a dose of 20-50mg/kg/day and group 2 received deferasirox at the dose of 10-30 mg/kg/day. Another 56 apparently healthy volunteers were used as a control group. The assessment of chelation was done during the period between November 2013 and February 2014 by measurement of serum ferritin. Satisfaction and compliance was assessed by using a special questionnaire prepared by the researcher. Out of the 108 thalassemic patients enrolled there was no discontinuation in treatment with the two drugs under study. The serum ferritin did not change significantly in any of the chelation groups. In comparison with the patients who were treated with DFO,those receiving DFX reported a significantly higher rate of compliance and satisfaction (P < 0.05). However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding their satisfaction (P > 0.05).Compliance with deferasirox (50 %) was more than that with deferoxamine (20 %). Satisfaction with deferoxamine was significantly lower than deferasirox (p= 0.00).


2020 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
E. Burleva ◽  
O. Smirnov ◽  
S. Tyurin

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the course of the postoperative period after phlebectomy and thermal ablation in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities in the system of the great saphenous vein (GSV) with class C2 of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) — CEAP class C2. Materials and methods: 455 patients (455 limbs) with CEAP class C2. Group 1 (n = 154) received stripping + minimally invasive phlebectomy; Group 2 — endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of GSV trunk + sclerotherapy of varicose veins; 3 group (n = 150) — radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the GSV + sclerotherapy. All patients were united by a single tactical solution — the elimination of pathological vertical reflux in GSV. In each group, patients were with similar hemodynamic profile were selected (Group 1 = 63; Group 2 = 61; Group 3 = 61). The course of the postoperative period (from 2 days to 2 months) was compared for pain (visual analog scale — VAS), clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, degree of satisfaction (Darvall questionnaire), and duration of disability. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel programs for Windows XP, MedCalc® (version 11.4.2.0., Mariakerke, Belgium). Results: Postoperative pain is more pronounced (during day 1 for Group 1–4.0, Group 2–3.0, Group 3–2.0) and more prolonged (up to 4 days) after open surgeries (p < 0.05). The dynamics of the clinical symptoms of CVI (including varicose syndrome and use of compression therapy) could not be fully evaluated in connection with the ongoing sclerotherapy procedures for patients of Groups 2 and 3. Satisfaction of patients with aesthetic aspects was higher than expected in all groups. Reliable statistical differences proved decrease in days of disability (Group 1–14; Group 2–4; Group 3–3) and earlier return to physical activities and work in patients after thermal ablation in comparison with phlebectomy. Conclusion: The study shows that all three methods for eliminating vertical reflux in the GSV can be proposed for a large category of patients with CEAP of class C3 and C2. Medical and social rehabilitation of patients using endovascular thermal ablation technologies proceeds faster, which is beneficial both for the patients and for society.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.


Author(s):  
Sergey Bezshapochny ◽  
Andrey Loburets ◽  
Valery Loburets

Topicality: The result of surgical treatment depends largely on the chosen method of management of the postoperative period, the main purpose of which is to reduce the effects of surgical trauma. Despite the wide variety of drugs for local and systemic use, the question of pharmacotherapy of the operated sinus remains open to this day. The main properties that a modern drug should possess are safety and high clinical efficacy. Aim: to study the clinical efficacy of topical application of a complex preparation based on a saline solution containing sodium hyaluronate and dexpanthenol in patients with chronic sinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory studies were conducted on 47 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent surgery using the FESS technique. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the principle of the postoperative period. Patients of research group (n=21), except for traditional therapy, was used locally NASOMER (a preparation based on a water-salt solution containing sodium hyaluronate and dexpanthenol); to the control group (n=26) patients entered, in the postoperative period received traditional therapy. Traditional therapy included a toilet of the nasal cavity, the use of short-course topical decongestants, irrigation of the nasal cavity with water-salt solutions. Criteria of clinical effectiveness: data of endoscopy of the nasal cavity, rhinomanometry, activity of the mucociliary transport system. The effectiveness of functional research methods in the postoperative period was determined on the 7th and 14th day of treatment. Results: On the 3rd day of the study, an increase in the swelling of the nasal cavity was observed in patients of both clinical groups, correlated with difficulty in nasal breathing. On the 7th day, a decrease in edema was observed in patients of both groups, but in the experimental group, the index of nasal breathing, according to rhinomanometry, was significantly (p<0.05) different from the control group, and was respectively 1.54±0.14 and 2.04±0.19 kPa/l*s. On the 14th day of the study, no significant difference was observed between these indicators. When studying the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, it was proved that patients of the experimental group on day 7 after surgery showed a statistically significant difference in this indicator compared to the control group (17.8±1.0 and 22.7±2.1 min. respectively). Conclusions: The use of NASOMER after surgical intervention in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis contributes to more effective treatment compared with traditional therapy, as evidenced by the rapid recovery of the main functional parameters according to active posterior rhinomanometry and mucociliary clearance. Based on the results of the studies performed, the use of NASOMER for pharmacotherapy in the postoperative period is recommended for patients who have undergone rhinosurgical interventions with the aim of reducing the period of postoperative rehabilitation as an effective anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agent.


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