scholarly journals Políticas costarricenses de apoyo a mipymes de base tecnológica y la percepción de los empresarios con respecto a su efectividad (Government policies to support technology-based MSME sector in Costa Rica and perception of entrepreneurs regarding...)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Nadia Ugalde Binda
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
Increase Productivity

<p>Las políticas gubernamentales buscan aumentar la productividad de las MIPYMES, disminuir su vulnerabilidad y conectarlas a las redes comerciales. Este estudio pretende responder si las instituciones de apoyo al sector MIPYME de base tecnológica en Costa Rica han cumplido con eficiencia los objetivos para los cuales fueron creadas. La exploración del tema se hace mediante la percepción, respecto del cumplimiento de este apoyo, de 41 propietarios de MIPYME ligadas a los proyectos de innovación apoyados financieramente por el Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Costa Rica. Se desprende de esta investigación que los empresarios desconocen las funciones y objetivos de las instituciones, y las formas en que estas dan soporte. Persiste la falta de información y de consulta de las instituciones gubernamentales al crear las políticas públicas y es poco efectiva la difusión de los programas. Además, se percibe descoordinación entre las instituciones adheridas a los programas de fortalecimiento. El acceso al crédito, los excesivos trámites, la falta de encadenamientos y la descoordinación se destacan como los principales obstáculos para el sector. Las instituciones deben buscar mecanismos de comunicación y elaborar planes claros y flexibles de apoyo ajustados al entorno de las MIPYMES.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Government policies are applied to increase productivity of MSMEs, reduce their vulnerability and connect them to business networks. This research evaluates if the institutions which support technology-based MSME sector in Costa Rica, do it with efficiency according to their objectives. The study is based in the perception of 41 owners of MSMEs linked to innovation projects financially supported by the Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Costa Rica. It is clear from this research that entrepreneurs know the institutional functions and objectives, but there is a lack of information and consultation to create public policies and ineffective dissemination of programs. In addition, there is a deficiency with the coordination between executors of institutional programs. The main obstacles to the sector are access to credit, excessive paperwork, lack of linkages and uncoordinated stand out. Institutions should seek ways of communication and prepare clear and supportive MSMEs plans.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

Assessing the Influence of Actors on e-Government Policies

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cortés-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Political Theories

E-government development, assumed as a public policy problem, has to consider political issues, where actors play a key role for success or failure on such policies. Several political theories admit the importance of actors in their approaches. Although there are efforts to formalize them, the model presented in this chapter looks to integrate a variety of proposals in the context of public policies. The application of the model to e-government cases on Chile and Costa Rica has shown that the characteristics of the process executed in a timeline (with their successes and failures) can be explained from actors' perspective. Issues like promoting new laws, the coordination of multiple agencies or the priority for projects on political context have to be solved with specific actors using their power resources. The explanations found could be considered for characterize future developments on e-government taking on account how critical is the actors' intervention.

Assessing the Influence of Actors on E-Government Policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 418-436
Author(s):  
Roberto Cortés-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Political Theories

E-government development, assumed as a public policy problem, has to consider political issues, where actors play a key role for success or failure on such policies. Several political theories admit the importance of actors in their approaches. Although there are efforts to formalize them, the model presented in this chapter looks to integrate a variety of proposals in the context of public policies. The application of the model to e-government cases on Chile and Costa Rica has shown that the characteristics of the process executed in a timeline (with their successes and failures) can be explained from actors' perspective. Issues like promoting new laws, the coordination of multiple agencies or the priority for projects on political context have to be solved with specific actors using their power resources. The explanations found could be considered for characterize future developments on e-government taking on account how critical is the actors' intervention.

scholarly journals Proposal for the Evaluation of Open Data Portals

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. e10194
Author(s):  
Camila Andrea Herrera-Melo ◽  
Juan Sebastián González Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Of Data

The provision of portals that serve as a source of access and availability of public domain data is part of the adoption of public policies that some government entities have implemented in response to the establishment of an open, transparent, multidirectional, collaborative and focused on citizen participation government, both in monitoring and in making public decisions. However, the publication of this data must meet certain characteristics to be considered open and of quality. For this reason, studies arise that focus on the approach of methodologies and indicators that measure the quality of the portals and their data. For the aim of this paper, the search of referential sources of the last six years regarding the evaluation of data quality and open data portals in Spain, Brazil, Costa Rica, Taiwan and the European Union was carried out with the objective of gathering the necessary inputs for the approach of the methodology presented in the document.

scholarly journals El impacto de los servicios financieros y la capacitación de las MIPYMES de Costa Rica (The impact of financial services and managerial Training on Costa Rica SMEs)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Monge González ◽  
Juan Antonio Rodríguez Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Managerial Training ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

<p>Este trabajo estima el impacto de los servicios financieros (diferentes del crédito) y los cursos de capacitación de corto plazo sobre las ventas reales, número de empleados, grado de formalización y acceso al crédito en el sistema financiero formal, de un conjunto de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas clientes de una entidad de microfinanzas que opera en Costa Rica. Para ello, se emplea un panel de datos de cinco años (2006 a 2010) y modelos econométricos que tratan de controlar por atributos de las empresas, tanto observables como no observables, que afectan el desempeño de las variables sobre las cuales se mide el impacto. Los resultados señalan que aquellas empresas que recibieron servicios financieros diferentes del crédito lograron aumentar más el valor de sus ventas y el empleo, y también mejoraron su grado de formalización (aunque este resultado es débil estadísticamente), cuando se las compara con aquellas que no obtuvieron acceso a este tipo de financiamiento. Además, parecería ser que las garantías de participación y cumplimiento son el instrumento financiero que más impacta en forma positiva el desempeño de estas empresas. Por otra parte, no se obtuvo evidencia de que los servicios de capacitación de corta duración tuvieran algún impacto sobre el desempeño de estas empresas. Con base en todo lo anterior se plantean varias recomendaciones de política.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>This paper considers the impact that financial services other than credit, and short term training courses have on total sales, employee number, level of formalization and access to credit in the regular financial system for a group of micro, small and medium size enterprises that are clients of a micro financing entity operating in Costa Rica. With this aim, data collected over five years (2006 to 2010), and econometric models that monitor a company`s performance by visible and non-visible attributes affecting measuring variables were used. Results show that the companies that received financial services other than the credit itself increased sales and employment more , and also improved their level of formalization (although the latter is statistically weak), when compared to others that did not had access to this type of financing. Also, it seems that participation and compliance guarantees are the most impacting financial instrument on company performance. On the other hand, no evidence was obtained about short training courses had any impact on company performance. Finally, some policy changes are recommended.<strong><br /></strong></p>

Sufficiency, Sustainability, and Innovation Media Moonshot

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Peter Titcomb Knight
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Political Outcomes

This article introduces the role of innovation and exponential technologies to eliminate shortfalls in access to basic needs at a global level while achieving sustainability in four dimensions: economic, social, political and ecological. Next the article reviews the literature concerning the role of films and TV programs on influencing public opinion and producing changes in economic, social, and political outcomes. Several films and TV programs that have achieved this are presented, with documentation of their successes. Then a “media moonshot” is proposed to help develop support for public policies to accelerate progress toward sufficiency and sustainability through innovation. This would be achieved by helping finance a tenfold increase in production of films and TV programs in this field. Various fiction and non-fiction formats would be used. The goal proposed is to reach an audience of at least one billion people with measurable impacts on public opinion and government policies. Several examples of possible films and TV programs are presented.

scholarly journals Power, Predistribution, and Social Justice

Philosophy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-91
Author(s):  
Martin O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Policy Types

AbstractThe idea of predistribution has the potential to offer a valuable and distinctive approach to political philosophers, political scientists, and economists, in thinking about social justice and the creation of more egalitarian economies. It is also an idea that has drawn the interest of politicians of the left and centre-left, promising an alternative to traditional forms of social democracy. But the idea of predistribution is not well understood, and stands in need of elucidation. This article explores ways of drawing the conceptual and normative distinction between predistribution and redistribution, examining those general categories when considering the roles of public services and fiscal transfers, and looking at the ways in which government policies can empower and disempower different individuals and groups within the economy. This article argues that the most initially plausible and common-sensical ways of drawing the distinction between predistributive and redistributive public policies collapse when put under analytical pressure. It concludes that the distinction between predistribution and redistribution is best seen in terms of the aims or effects of policies rather than a deeper division of policy types, and argues that, once seen in those terms, predistribution is a central concern of social justice.

Legal Defeats—Political Wins

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Dotan ◽  
Menachem Hofnung
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Actual Outcome

Why do political parties and politicians turn to litigation instead of using political channels in their efforts to affect public policies? Over the past 20 years, there has been a noticeable trend in which Israeli parties and politicians have turned to the courts for intervention in national and internal party affairs, government policies, and even parliamentary procedures. The authors argue that this phenomenon is tied to the growth of open competition within political parties on one hand and reforms in the legal doctrines controlling access to litigation on the other. This study indicates that politicians seek litigation even when their chances of winning in court are marginal. According to the findings, politicians exhibit a lower propensity to seek out-of-court settlements than other kinds of litigants. The results suggest that politicians resort to litigation to challenge majoritarian policies and also because they gain considerable media exposure (regardless of the actual outcome of litigation), enhancing their political stature.

scholarly journals Analysis of Barriers that Affect the Transformation of Family Farmer Into a Rural Entrepreneur in Brazilian Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Patricia Amelia Tomei ◽  
Daniela Arantes Alves Lima
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
The Family

Despite importance of family agriculture, until the mid 90's, the Brazilian farmers had little or no access to credit and the existing public policies often do not meet the needs of this population. In 1996, the Brazilian government created the PRONAF - Program of Familiar Agriculture, first rural credit program designed exclusively for family farmers (FF) that despite numerous qualities, is facing challenges related to socio-cultural and psychosocial characteristics of farmers who do not always can incorporate the behaviors needed to be rural entrepreneurs (RE) in an industry that increasingly demand for innovation and development. This is the main objective of this study: to analyze the barriers faced by family farmers (FF) that affect its transformation into a rural entrepreneur (RR). To study these two groups, we interviewed and applied a structured questionnaire to a convenience sample, non-probabilistic, selected by the criterion of typicality of fourteen farmers who started their business in Southern Brazil. For these The analysis showed that the barriers to rural entrepreneurship were associated with lack of leadership and ability to take risks, and emphasized the importance of the family, social networks and formal education in the development of FF. We conclude that the FF can’t be regarded as typical Schumpeterian entrepreneurs, but some points have become critical to the implementation of public policies: a contingency approach; prioritize the targeting of resources to more entrepreneurial profiles; promote the objective and subjective evaluations of the results of resource allocation; strengthen training programs, management education and business incubators.

scholarly journals La industria aeroespacial en México: una evaluación de las políticas públicas y de las posibilidades de capacidades industriales y desarrollo tecnológico / / / \ \ \ The aerospace industry in Mexico: an evaluation of public policies and the possibilities of industrial capacities and technological development

2021 ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Isaac Enríquez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Comparability Exercise

Resumen: realizamos una evaluación de las políticas públicas adoptadas en los últimos lustros por el Estado mexicano en materia de estímulo de la industria aeroespacial y la posible formación de capacidades industriales y tecnológicas. Para ello, exponemos los resultados de una investigación de campo orientada a desentrañar las especificidades que adopta la industria aeroespacial en México y, particularmente, en la región socioeconómica que se forma en torno a la ciudad de Querétaro. En este esfuerzo interpretativo es importante estudiar el comportamiento de la industria aeroespacial en el mundo y la centralización y concentración de las innovaciones tecnológicas en aras de comprender el carácter estratégico y duopólico que asume esta rama productiva en los países de origen de las matrices que coordinan las redes empresariales globales. El ejercicio de comparabilidad internacional brindó los elementos básicos para comprender que la especificidad de las políticas públicas orientadas al estímulo de la industria aeroespacial en México radica en la creación de empresarialidad y no en la formación de capacidades tecnológicas y/o en la adopción de una política industrial orientada a la articulación del mercado interno; situación que ahonda –en el citado país– las contradicciones de la dialéctica desarrollo/subdesarrollo.   Palabras clave: políticas públicas, capacidades industriales, capacidades tecnológicas, funciones del Estado, desarrollo tecnológico.   Abstract: Through this article, an evaluation of the public policies adopted in the last five years by the Mexican State regarding the stimulation of the aerospace industry and the possible formation of industrial and technological capacities is carried out. To achieve this purpose, the results of a field research aimed at unraveling the specificities adopted by the aerospace industry in Mexico and, particularly, in the socioeconomic region that forms around the city of Querétaro, are presented. In this interpretive effort, it is important to study the behavior of the aerospace industry in the world and the centralization and concentration of technological innovations in order to understand the strategic and duopolic nature assumed by this productive branch in the countries of origin of the matrices that coordinate the global business networks. The international comparability exercise provided the basic elements to understand that the specificity of public policies aimed at stimulating the aerospace industry in Mexico lies in the creation of entrepreneurship and not in the formation of technological capabilities and / or the adoption of a policy industrial oriented to the articulation of the internal market; situation that deepens - in the aforementioned country - the contradictions of the development/underdevelopment dialectic.   Key words: public policies, industrial capabilities, technological capabilities, state functions, technological development.

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