scholarly journals Fault diagnosis with states estimation in PV systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Alejandro Plazas Rosas ◽  
Édinson Franco Mejia ◽  
Martha Lucía Orozco Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mechanical Elements

The photovoltaic systems are electrical, electronic, and mechanical elements. These systems also face different environmental and operating conditions susceptible to failure. In addition, photovoltaic systems can be the only source of electricity generation, and an affectation on the energy supply can harm the community. In many places, photovoltaic systems are the only source of energy because they are not part of what is known in Colombia as the National Interconnected System (SIN). Which comprises the direct connection between large generators (hydroelectric and/or thermal plants) and consumers. In fact, PV system damage would affect food refrigeration or everyday things like charging a cell phone. Therefore, it is necessary to register, monitor the operation elements of PV systems, and develop strategies that allow the diagnosis to detect faults. In this work, we propose a fault-diagnosis using the PV systems measurements that is, power converter, photovoltaic panels with also mathematical models to determine the deviation between the estimated and measured signals as voltages and currents.

scholarly journals A Density Peak-Based Clustering Approach for Fault Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Arrays

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijie Lin ◽  
Yaohai Lin ◽  
Zhicong Chen ◽  
Lijun Wu ◽  
Lingchen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cluster Center ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Density Peak ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Distance Vector

Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) arrays plays a significant role in safe and reliable operation of PV systems. In this paper, the distribution of the PV systems’ daily operating data under different operating conditions is analyzed. The results show that the data distribution features significant nonspherical clustering, the cluster center has a relatively large distance from any points with a higher local density, and the cluster number cannot be predetermined. Based on these features, a density peak-based clustering approach is then proposed to automatically cluster the PV data. And then, a set of labeled data with various conditions are employed to compute the minimum distance vector between each cluster and the reference data. According to the distance vector, the clusters can be identified and categorized into various conditions and/or faults. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in the diagnosis of certain faults occurring in a PV array. Moreover, a 1.8 kW grid-connected PV system with6×3 PVarray is established and experimentally tested to investigate the performance of the developed method.

scholarly journals Reconfigurable Distributed Power Electronics Technique for Solar PV Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ◽  
Yongheng Yang ◽  
Tamas Kerekes ◽  
Dezso Sera
Keyword(s):  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Charge Redistribution ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
In Series ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Power Balancing

A reconfiguration technique using a switched-capacitor (SC)-based voltage equalizer differential power processing (DPP) concept is proposed in this paper for photovoltaic (PV) systems at a cell/subpanel/panel-level. The proposed active diffusion charge redistribution (ADCR) architecture increases the energy yield during mismatch and adds a voltage boosting capability to the PV system under no mismatch by connected the available PV cells/panels in series. The technique performs a reconfiguration by measuring the PV cell/panel voltages and their irradiances. The power balancing is achieved by charge redistribution through SC under mismatch conditions, e.g., partial shading. Moreover, PV cells/panels remain in series under no mismatch. Overall, this paper analyzes, simulates, and evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed DPP architecture through a simulation-based model prepared in PSIM. Additionally, the effectiveness is also demonstrated by comparing it with existing conventional DPP and traditional bypass diode architecture.

scholarly journals Different Techniques to Mitigate Partial Shading in Photovoltaic Panels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3863
Author(s):  
Tiago Alves ◽  
João Paulo N. Torres ◽  
Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas ◽  
Carlos A. F. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pv Panel

The effect of partial shading in photovoltaic (PV) panels is one of the biggest problems regarding power losses in PV systems. When the irradiance pattern throughout a PV panel is inequal, some cells with the possibility of higher power production will produce less and start to deteriorate. The objective of this research work is to present, test and discuss different techniques to help mitigate partial shading in PV panels, observing and commenting the advantages and disadvantages for different PV technologies under different operating conditions. The motivation is to contribute with research, simulation, and experimental work. Several state-of-the-artsolutions to the problem will be presented: different topologies in the interconnection of the panels; different PV system architectures, and also introducing new solution hypotheses, such as different cell interconnections topologies. Alongside, benefits and limitations will be discussed. To obtain actual results, the simulation work was conducted by creating MATLAB/Simulink models for each different technique tested, all centered around the 1M5P PV cell model. The several techniques tested will also take into account different patterns and sizes of partial shading, different PV panel technologies, different values of source irradiation, and different PV array sizes. The results will be discussed and validated by experimental tests.

scholarly journals A Measure of Capacity Contribution of Static Mono-Si Photovoltaic Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Constantinos Varnavas ◽  
Andreas Poullikkas
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
High System ◽  
Installed Capacity

Photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity in the daytime when system demand is generally moderate to high. For Mediterranean countries, there is also seasonal coincidence of high system demand and high PV load factors. The present study quantifies the above statements by calculating the load factor of the PV system when system demand is high (above 90–99% of the maximum demand of the month). The percentage of time the PV load factor is above 90% for these periods of maximum demand is evaluated. The PV load capacity contribution is defined in this study as the minimum PV load factor during these periods of high demand. Actual generation data from a static (without tracking) mono-Si PV system, recorded every half hour for the year 2010 are compared to system demand data. The seasonality analysis indicates that PV contribution to capacity is only significant during the months May–October. For the months November–April, when daily demand peak occurs during the evening, PVs do not contribute towards capacity. The evaluated capacity contribution of PV systems depends on the threshold of maximum demand considered (90%–99%). For the threshold of 95%, the capacity contribution for May–October ranges between 27%–41% of PV installed capacity.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Lessa Tofoli ◽  
Dênis de Castro Pereira ◽  
Wesley Josias de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

The generation of electricity from photovoltaic (PV) arrays has been increasingly considered as a prominent alternative to fossil fuels. However, the conversion efficiency is typically low and the initial cost is still appreciable. A required feature of a PV system is the ability to track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array. Besides, MPP tracking (MPPT) is desirable in both grid-connected and stand-alone photovoltaic systems because the solar irradiance and temperature change throughout the day, as well as along seasons and geographical conditions, also leading to the modification of theI×V(current versus voltage) andP×V(power versus voltage) curves of the PV module. MPPT is also justified by the relatively high cost of the energy generated by PV systems if compared with other sources. Since there are various MPPT approaches available in the literature, this work presents a comparative study among four popular techniques, which are the fixed duty cycle method, constant voltage (CV), perturb and observe (P&O), and incremental conductance (IC). It considers different operational climatic conditions (i.e., irradiance and temperature), since the MPP is nonlinear with the environment status. PSIM software is used to validate the assumptions, while relevant results are discussed in detail.

Study of Photovoltaic Systems’ Performances with Different Module Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahari Zarkov ◽  
Ludmil Stoyanov ◽  
Hristiyan Kanchev ◽  
Valentin Milenov ◽  
Vladimir Lazarov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Research Platform ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of the work is to study and compare the performance of photovoltaic (PV) generators built with different types of panels and operating in real weather conditions. The paper reports the results from an experimental and theoretical study of systems with PV modules manufactured according to different technologies and using different materials. The experiment was carried out at a research platform for PV systems developed by the authors, built and located at an experimental site near the Technical University of Sofia. Based on the obtained results, comparisons are made between the different PV generators for the same operating conditions. The comparison between the theoretical and the experimental results demonstrates a good level of overlap.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS MPPT TECHNIQUES UNDER THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Elzein ◽  
Yu. N. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Power Point Tracking ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

In this article an extended literature surveying review is launched on a set of comparative studies of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques. Different MPPT methods are addressed with an ultimate aim of how to be maximizing the PV system output power by tracking Pmax in a set of different operational circumstances. In this paper maximum power point tracking, MPPT techniques are reviewed on basis of different parameters related to the design simplicity and/or complexity, implementation, hardware required, and other related aspects.he technology of solar systems has been booming for a while due to its ability to replace current fossil fuels like coal and gas for generation of electricity that produce air, water, and land pollution. In addition it decreased the issue of global warming and climate changes substantially due to being produced in a clean environmental manner and was proved to be an Eco-friendly resource of energy. The photovoltaic systems’ manufacturing process has been improving continuously over the last decade and photovoltaic systems have become an interesting solution. Precisely, PV systems are constituted from arrays of photovoltaic cells, choppers (mainly buck-boost or boost DC/DC converter), MPPT control systems and storage devices and/or grid connections. To improve the efficiency of such systems, various studies have been performed. The demand of PV generation systems seems to be increased for both standalone and grid-connected modes of PV systems. Therefore, an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is necessary to initialize the process of tracking the maximum power point MPP at all environmental conditions and then force the PV system to operate at that MPP point.

scholarly journals Review of Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of Photovoltaic Systems in Case of Uniform & Non-uniform Irradiance Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. xv-xv
Author(s):  
Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

It is crucial to improve the photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency and to develop the reliability of PV generation control systems. One of the approaches to increase the efficiency of PV power generation system is to operate the PV systems optimally at the maximum power point. However, the PV system can be optimally operated only at a specific output voltage; otherwise the output power fluctuates under intermittent weather conditions. In addition, it is very difficult to test the performance of PV systems controller under the same weather condition during the development process where the field testing is costly and time consuming. For these reasons, the presentation is about the state of the art techniques to track the maximum available output power of photovoltaic systems called maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control systems. This topic could be also one of the most challenges in photovoltaic systems application that has been receiving much more attention worldwide. The talks will cover the application of intelligent techniques by means the artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic controller scheme using polar information to develop a novel real-time simulation technique for MPPT control by using dSPACE real-time interface system. In this case, the three-layer feed-forward ANN is trained once for different scenarios to determine the global MPP voltage and power and the fuzzy logic with polar information controller takes the global maximum power point (MPP) voltage as a reference voltage to generate the required control signal for the power converter. This type of fuzzy logic rules is implemented for the first time in MPPT control application. The proposed method has been tested using different solar cell technologies such as monocrystalline silicon, thin-film cadmium telluride and triple junction amorphous silicon solar cells. The verification of availability and stability of the proposed system through the real-time simulator shows that the proposed system can respond accurately for different scenarios and different solar cell technologies. In other cases, one of the main causes of reducing energy yield of photovoltaic systems is the partially shaded condition. Although the conventional MPPT control algorithms operate well in a uniform solar irradiance, they do not operate well in non-uniform solar irradiance conditions. The non-uniform conditions cause multiple local maximum power points on the power-voltage curve. The conventional MPPT methods cannot distinguish between the global and local peaks. Since the global power point may change within a large voltage window and also its position depends on shading patterns, it is very difficult to recognize the global operating point under partially shaded conditions. From these reasons, the presentation will address the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT method to solve the partially shaded conditions under the experimental real-time simulation technique based dSPACE real-time interface system for different size of PV arrays, such as 3x3(0.5kW) and 20x3(3.3kW) and different interconnected PV arrays, for instance series-parallel (SP), bridge link (BL) and total cross tied (TCT) configurations.

scholarly journals A Study of the Hazardous Glare Potential to Aviators from Utility-Scale Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Evan Riley ◽  
Scott Olson
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Safety Metrics ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Ocular Safety

The potential flash glare a pilot could experience from a proposed 25-degree fixed-tilt flat-plate polycrystalline PV system located outside of Las Vegas, Nevada, was modeled for the purpose of hazard quantification. Hourly insolation data measured via satellite for the years 1998 to 2004 was used to perform the modeling. The theoretical glare was estimated using published ocular safety metrics which quantify the potential for a postflash glare after-image. This was then compared to the postflash glare after-image potential caused by smooth water. The results show that the potential for hazardous glare from flat-plate PV systems is similar to that of smooth water and not expected to be a hazard to air navigation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Voltage Unbalance and Energy Loss in Residential Low Voltage Distribution Systems with Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00033
Author(s):  
Rattanaprapa Charoenwattana ◽  
Umarin Sangpanich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Voltage Unbalance ◽  
Pv Systems

This paper investigates effects of voltage unbalance and energy losses due to the connection of rooftop photovoltaic systems in a low voltage distribution system of a housing estate, which has light loads during daytime. The paper presents a case study of a real distribution power system of housing estate in Thailand. Voltage unbalance and energy losses were simulated by using system characteristic and load data from GIS database of PEA with the DIgSILENT Power Factory program. The key findings of our analysis are as follows. Firstly, the number of installable 1-phase rooftop PV systems varies directly with load density. Secondly, the number of installed 1-phase rooftop PV systems can be increased if the installation locations are closer to the transformer. For 3-phase rooftop PV systems, their installations do not have any effects on the voltage unbalance. Furthermore, system energy loss relates to the load density and PV system installation locations in the same way as the voltage unbalance. The key implication of our study is that the installation of 1-phase rooftop PV system should be granted based on a careful consideration of the installation location and the load density.

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