Seroprevalence of IgG, IgM and IgA against Toxoplasma 
gondii in pregnant women in first trimester in 
northern Khorasan Province, Iran

Background: Toxoplasma Gondii, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are the most common causes of congenital infections worldwide. There is not a consensus on these infectious agents should be screened during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma, rubella, and CMV infections in order to know the need for antenatal screening.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 1309 ambulatory pregnant patients who applied to the obstetric clinic of a university hospital between October 2016 and April 2018. Documents of patients in the first trimester were reviewed and serologic data of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, Rubella infections were retrieved from the computer database.Results: Of 1309 pregnant women, positivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody was 352(26.9%), while 17(1.3%) of the subjects tested were positive for the anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody. These positivities of the pregnant women for anti-Rubella IgG and IgM were 1147(87.6%) and (0.1%), respectively. These positivities of the pregnant women for anti-CMV IgG and IgM were 1163(88.8%) and 17(1.3%), respectively.Conclusions: We detected high rates of immunity against Rubella and CMV but low rates of immunity against Toxoplasma in this retrospective cohort of pregnant women. Due to high rates of seropositivity against Rubella and CMV, routine nationwide screening may not be necessary.

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Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibody seropositivity among age groups and gestational periods in pregnant women

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.15344.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1823 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shahida Sadiqui ◽

Syed Rafiq Hussain Shah ◽

Babiker Saad Almugadam ◽

Qismat Shakeela ◽

Shehzad Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Education ◽

First Trimester ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Serologic Marker ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Acute Toxoplasmosis

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic disease. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and geographic distribution of toxoplasmosis as well as determine the percentage of toxoplasmosis-associated IgM and IgG seropositivity among different age groups. In addition, it aimed to estimate the proportion of toxoplasma IgM seropositivity among pregnancy trimesters. Methods: A total of 500 pregnant women were included in this study. From each participant, a 5-ml venous blood sample was collected and centrifuged to obtain serum that was tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibodies using immunochromatographic testing and ELISA. Results: The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 24.8%. Out of the total of 500 participants, only 8% had a serological marker of acute toxoplasmosis). There is a statistically significant difference in the seroprevalence of disease among the study areas. Amongst positive cases of every trimester, 54.34% of first trimester positive cases had a serologic marker for acute toxoplasmosis. Conclusions: In this study, there is a high prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Therefore, it is necessary to test every pregnant woman for toxoplasmosis and distinguish the type of infection, as well as the conduction of public health education programs to generate the awareness.

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Seroprevalence And Risk Factors of Specific Toxoplasma Gondii Antibody among Pregnant Women

The Journal of The University of Duhok ◽

10.26682/ajuod.2020.23.2.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 131-139

Author(s):

Ahmed J. Ahmed ◽

Bayar K. Zeebaree ◽

Ramadhan A. Khanamir

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibody

Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy has an adverse effect on pregnant women, fetus and neonatal. The infection is generally asymptomatic but can cause severe effect on the fetus and immunocompromised women. Control study conducted on 77 pregnant women categorized according to the risk factors influencing toxoplasmosis infection. Specific anti Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were evaluated using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Among 77 pregnant women, (57.1%) women had toxoplasmosis, seropositive for latent infection with specific Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were (54.54 %), whereas acute infection immunoglobulin M (IgM) were only in (2.59 %) cases. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was higher in older pregnant women (> 60%) than younger ones (<50%). The specific IgG antibody was higher in pregnant women working in farms (65.7 vs 45.23; P=0.053). Also, the seropositive IgG antibody was low in the first trimester and high in rural areas. Pregnant women need to educate more about toxoplasmosis and prevention to exposure in order to reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Toxoplasma gondii en mujeres embarazadas en la provincia de El Oro, 2014 / Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in the province of El Oro, 2014

Ciencia Unemi ◽

10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss21.2016pp135-141p ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (21) ◽

pp. 135-141

Author(s):

Mercedes Lam Vivanco ◽

Marisela Segura Osorio ◽

Jovanny Santos Luna ◽

Diana Sanmartín Galvan ◽

Marcelo López Bravo

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

First Trimester ◽

Domestic Cat ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Clinical Method ◽

Igm Antibodies ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Las Mujeres

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar los anticuerpos IgG- IgM de anti toxoplasma gondii en mujeres embarazadas, atendidas en una casa de salud privada, siendo el principal reservorio de esta infección el gato doméstico (Feliscatus), puede ocurrir en cualquier etapa del embarazo, es muy importante detectar en el primer trimestre para evitar trastornos del sistema nervioso central y retinocoroiditis. El método clínico que se utilizó para el diagnóstico de los anticuerpos IgG-IgM fue electroquimiolumisencia de alta sensibilidad, los resultados obtenidos de anticuerpos IgG contra T. gondii en embarazadas, fue 16% IgG-IgM seropositivo para anti T. gondii, en relación con las mujeres embarazadas con serología positiva para T. gondii decreció linealmente con la edad de la paciente, siendo el grupo de 20-25años el más afectado 40(12%) para IgG positivo y IgM 25(10%), lo que referencia acerca de la prevalencia del Toxoplasma gondii. ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was the determination of IgM antibodies IgG anti toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women, attended in a private health place, being the main reservoir of this infection the domestic cat (Felis catus), can occur at any stage of pregnancy, it is important to detect the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent disorders of the central nervous system and retinochoroiditis. The clinical method used was electroquimiolumisencia high sensitivity for the diagnosis of IgG - IgM antibodies, the results of IgG antibodies against T. gondii in pregnant women was 16% IgG anti-IgM seropositive for T. gondii, in relation of pregnant women with positive serology for T. gondii decreased linearly with the age of the patient, being the group most affected 20-25años 40 (12%) for IgG and IgM positive 25 (10%) giving reference on prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii.

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Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in 35,940 Pregnant Women in Norway and Pregnancy Outcome for Infected Women

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.36.10.2900-2906.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 2900-2906 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Pål A. Jenum ◽

Babill Stray-Pedersen ◽

Kjetil K. Melby ◽

Georg Kapperud ◽

Andrew Whitelaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Screening Program ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

Congenital Infection ◽

First Trimester ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Capital City ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

From 1992 to 1994 a screening program for detection of specific Toxoplasma gondii antibodies involving 35,940 pregnant women was conducted in Norway. For women with serological evidence of primary T. gondii infection, amniocentesis and antiparasitic treatment were offered. The amniotic fluid was examined for T. gondii by PCR and mouse inoculation to detect fetal infection. Infants of infected mothers had clinical and serological follow-up for at least 1 year to detect congenital infection. Of the women 10.9% were infected before the onset of pregnancy. Forty-seven women (0.17% among previously noninfected women) showed evidence of primary infection during pregnancy. The highest incidence was detected (i) among foreign women (0.60%), (ii) in the capital city of Oslo (0.46%), and (iii) in the first trimester (0.29%). Congenital infection was detected in 11 infants, giving a transmission rate of 23% overall, 13% in the first trimester, 29% in the second, and 50% in the third. During the 1-year follow-up period only one infant, born to an untreated mother, was found to be clinically affected (unilateral chorioretinitis and loss of vision). At the beginning of pregnancy 0.6% of the previously uninfected women were falsely identified as positive by the Platelia Toxo-IgM test, the percentage increasing to 1.3% at the end of pregnancy. Of the women infected prior to pregnancy 6.8% had persisting specific immunoglobulin M (IgM). A positive specific-IgM result had a low predictive value for identifying primaryT. gondii infection.

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Antenatal Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Infection Screening Among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary University Hospital

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2019.903 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Beril Gurlek ◽

Sabri Colak

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Risk Groups ◽

First Trimester ◽

University Hospital ◽

Screening Tests ◽

High Avidity ◽

Serological Screening

Objective: The present study was designed to determine the seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, and cytomegalovirus, to investigate the frequency of low and high avidity results among pregnant women and to contribute to the data of our country with the results obtained.Study Design: In the present study, the hospital records of the women who applied to the antenatal outpatient of the Rize Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Medical Faculty during the first trimester between January 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Toxoplasma gondii, RRubella and cytomegalovirus IgM, IgG and IgG avidity results were evaluated.Result: IgM positivity was found to be 0.83% (29/3490) for Toxoplasma gondii, 0.92% (32/3459) for Rubella and 1.90% (65/3404) for cytomegalovirus; IgG positivity was found to be 33.64% (1174/3490) for Toxoplasma gondii, 90.70% for Rubella (3140/3459), and 99.17% (3376/3404) for cytomegalovirus. Avidity of Toxoplasma gondii was found to be low (3.70%) in 1 patient, borderline (11.11%) in 3 patients, and high avidity in 23 patients (85.18%). Avidity of cytomegalovirus was found to be low (1.75%) in 1 patient, borderline (3.50%) in 2 patients and high avidity (94.73%) in 54 patients. Avidity of Rubella was found to be low (4%) in 1 patient, and high avidity (96%) was found in 24 patients.Conclusions: In our study, although the prevalence of acute infection with Rubella, cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii was shown to be low in pregnancy in Rize province, serological screening tests for monitoring and informing high-risk groups that are particularly seronegative appear to be important.

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Retrospective Evaluation of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibody Among First Trimester Pregnant Women Admitted to Nenehatun Maternity Hospital between 2013-2017 in Erzurum

Turkish Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.5152/tpd.2018.5544 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Esra Cinar Tanriverdi ◽

◽

Berrin Goktug Kadioglu ◽

Handan Alay ◽

Zulal Ozkurt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Retrospective Evaluation

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Specific IgM to Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Infection in First Trimester Miscarriage with Seasonal Variation

Al-Anbar Medical Journal ◽

10.33091/amj.0501412017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽

First Trimester

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Optimisation of tactics of conducting pregnancy and labours at women after auxiliary reproductive technologies

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.111.160 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 160-164

Author(s):

D.N. Maslo ◽

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Resistance Index ◽

First Trimester ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Control Group ◽

Uterine Arteries ◽

Placental Dysfunction ◽

Placental Blood ◽

Two Stages

The objective: frequency decrease perinatal pathologies at women after ART on the basis of studying clinical-ehografical, endocrinological, biochemical, dopplerometrical, cardiotokografical and morphological researches, and also improvement of algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Patients and methods. The work basis is made spent by us from 2012 on 2015 by complex inspection of 300 pregnant women from which 250 were after ART and 50 – firstlabours which pragnency without ART, and also their newborns. For the decision of an object in view of research spent to two stages. At 1 stage spent prosperctive research which included 150 pregnant women: з them 100 women pregnancy at which has come out ART (1 group) and 50 healthy women (control group). At 2 stage spent prospective randomization in which result of patients after ART have divided on two equal groups by therapy principle: 2 basic group - 75 pregnant women after ART at which used the algorithm improved by us; 3 group of comparison - 75 pregnant women after ART which have been spent on the standard treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Results. The results suggest that women after using ART is a high frequency of reproductive losses in the first trimester (10.0%), 3.0% of spontaneous abortion from 16 to 22 weeks, and 3.0% "early" premature delivery (22 to 28 weeks of pregnancy). The frequency of violations of the functional state of placenta in women after using IVF is 63.0%, which is the main cause of high levels of perinatal losses (40.0 ‰), and delivery by cesarean section (96.0%). Placental dysfunction in women after using ART characterized by retrohorialnyh hematoma (21.0%); size mismatch fruit (30.0%) and hypertonicity of the uterus (73.0%) against changes in fruit-placental blood flow - increased resistance index in umbilical artery and increased vascular resistance in the uterine arteries. Endocrinological and biochemical changes in placental dysfunction in women after using IVF starting from 28 weeks of pregnancy and are in significant reduction in progesterone, placental b1-microglobulin, B2-microglobulin of fertility and trophic в-glycoprotein. Conclusion. The received results: use of the algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions improved by us allows to lower frequency of spontaneous interruption of pregnancy till 22 weeks – from 13.0% to 5.7%; «early» premature birth – from 3.0% to 1.0%; placentary dysfunction from 63.0% to 40.6%; cesarean sections – from 96.0% to 56.5%, and also perinatal losses – from 40.0‰ to 16.2‰. Key words: pregnancy, childbirth, auxiliary reproductive technologies.

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