Psycho-Social Aspects of Breast Cancer

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Ingram

Because of the high Incidence, and the possible resulting vocational disability it is very likely that rehabilitation counselors, particularly those employed in medical settings and the state, federal system, will work with women who have breast cancer and are eligible for services. Cancer of the breast may have significant impact on the emotional and psychological constructs of the individual, as it affects not only the patient, but her family as well and may interfere with, and disrupt the organization of the family, social, financial, education, vocational goals, and indeed the very definition of the family unit. Suggestions are made for some counseling techniques which may be used in dealing with these problems.

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Sutton

Rehabilitation counselors usually focus their efforts upon the individual client. They fail to view him or her as part of a social network -- the family. Disability causes economic, social and emotional changes within the family. These changes may upset family stability and inhibit client adjustment and rehabilitation. The family must be viewed as a vital support system for the client, and their impact on rehabilitation should be evaluated. When it is necessary, counselors must design ways to intervene with the family. Family adjustment and treatment are rehabilitation issues, and they deserve consideration in the rehabilitation process.


1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Michaels ◽  
Donald A. Risucci

This study compared employers' and vocational rehabilitation counselors' attitudes and willingness to consider various workplace accommodations for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition to comparing what types of accommodations might be considered reasonable, the study also investigated both employers' and counselors' lack of willingness to make various accommodations. Lack of willingness to make accommodations was addressed in terms of the three most commonly offered reasons for why an accommodation is potentially not reasonable: (a) not fair to co-workers, (b) too time consuming, and (c) too costly. Scenarios were developed to directly gather information on potential accommodations for workers who displayed functional limitations within the seven capacity areas mentioned by the Rehabilitation Services Administration in their definition of severe disability. While for the most part counselors' views tended to be similar to those of employers, in general counselors tended to rate accommodations as more problematic than employers. In addition, counselors tended to view functional limitations within the individual as most problematic while employers viewed limitations in actual job performance as most problematic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
A. Kim ◽  
◽  
D. Assanova ◽  
M. Knol ◽  
◽  
...  

Recently the concept of multilingualism has become a defining approach to the problem of language learning. Multilingualism occurs as an individual's language experience, expands culturally from the language used in the family to the language used in society, and then to the acquisition of languages of other peoples. The individual does not “keep” these languages and cultures separate from each other, but forms a communicative competence based on all knowledge and all language experience, where languages are interconnected and interact with one another. One of the most important approaches to both bilingual and multilingual education is, in our opinion, the study of psycholinguistic and neuro-linguistic mechanisms of bilingualism and multilingualism formation. The peculiarity of the language situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the presence of bilingualism, which occured in the country as a natural process in a multinational state. However each region of the country has its own specifics in terms of language. In this regard, there is a need for a regional approach to the study of the language situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is worth noting that the definition of the role and place of Russian language in teaching a foreign language in the context of multilingualism is insufficiently studied. Russian language is not only a universal means of communication generally accepted in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also the main means of knowledge of sciences and support in learning a foreign language. Linguistic situation of foreign language teaching in multilingual environment in many respects differs from the linguistic situation of learning a foreign language in a monolingual audience.


Author(s):  
Shuqing WU

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本故事提出了如下一些知情同意方面的問題:面對沒有文化、且毫無醫學知識的病人,如何履行知情同意?在病情緊急情況下應否免除知情同意或待病情穩定後再向病人或家屬補充說明?如果是後者,這種事後的同意有何意義?在醫院追逐利潤並與病人利益發生衝突的情況下,費用成為病人關注的重要問題,病人如何有效的表示自己的意見?在病人本人沒有經濟能力、又無醫療保險的條件下,一切依賴家屬,病人如何維護自己的權益?病人本人的意願有何意義?如何面對既不能否定家屬的同意又有可能出現家屬違背病人本人意願行事可能的困境?The story reported in this article raises some questions on informed consent. To patients with no education and no medical knowledge, how do medical professionals perform informed consent? In the situation of emergence, should medical professionals be excused from the obligation of informed consent? Or should the patient and his or her family be informed after the illness is cured? If this is so, what is the meaning of informed consent? With the conflict between the interests and the patient and the hospital, the cost is a very importance issue. How does the patient express his or her opinions effectively? Patients who have no economic capacity and no medical insurance depend on their families for medical care. How can their rights and interests are protected? What medical professionals should do if the decision of the family is against the will and interests of the individual patient?DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 38 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Maryam

Family is the smallest unit in the community that has a very strong influence into our life. If the family experiences stress, it will affect the system in the family itself. Dr. Thomas H. Holmes and Dr. Richard H. Rahe give a definition of stress -a complicated condition or situation which can endanger people and has exceeded the resources of the individual to cope. Furthermore, they also develop a stress measuring scale called "Social Readjusment Rating Scale". Family stress model was then developed with more complex explanation by McCubbin and Patterson (1980), known as the Model T double ABCX.


Author(s):  
Christina M. Akrivopoulou

Privacy is a right with many aspects. Although, a uniform approach on privacy is quite often sought, a consensus is growing that there are not only one but many privacy rights. This chapter explores whether there is in fact a right to protect our genetic privacy, since this is a right quite unique in its characteristics and is certainly not identified with our general presumptions about privacy. Its uniqueness lies in the fact, that apart form the dominant definition of privacy as a right to be let alone, as an individualistic right, genetic privacy protects not only the individual but also the members of his/her family. The present paper is examining the ‘hereditary’ and ‘shared’ character of our genetic information in an attempt to shape a right to genetic privacy that is based on the equilibrium of individual autonomy, family and public interest. In order to support such an argument, the premises of our genetic self are examined in connection with autonomy and its boundaries, mainly paternalism and genetic exceptionalism. Along this line, basic notions of the liberal privacy theory are critically examined, mainly the notions of control, confidentiality and consent, so as to maintain the existence of a right to genetic privacy that can enhance the individual’s autonomy without founding it on its selfish, individual interests.


2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-543
Author(s):  
Mateusz Świetlicki

Abstract As there is a myriad of Anglophone picturebooks featuring same-sex parents, some Western readers familiar with them would probably see little that is ground-breaking in the visual and verbal narrative of Larysa Denysenko’s and Mariia Foya’s Maya and Her Mums (2017). The picturebook’s first-person narrator and protagonist is a ten-year-old girl who describes her 16 classmates and their families; it includes no violence, no nudity, and no sexual references. Despite the title suggesting the story to be about the eponymous heroine and her family, Maya briefly introduces readers to her two mothers in one of the last doublespreads. When Maya and Her Mums was included in the programme of Ukraine’s most important book fair, the Lviv Book Forum, it became a political tool in the confrontation between homophobic Ukrainian nationalists and progressive intellectuals. In this essay, I want to examine the depiction of same-sex parenting in Maya and Her Mums and argue that it implies gradual widening of tolerance, with households headed by lesbian parents being the most controversial. Thus, the picturebook suggests that the definition of the family is stretchable, even in a conservative socio-political climate. By familiarising readers with Denysenko’s and Foya’s picturebook, I want to show what makes it different from equivalent Anglophone picturebooks and argue that the Ukrainian book market is slowly becoming more inclusive and diverse. Hence, despite the conservative backlash, the need for for same-sex parents and their children to be represented in children’s literature can no longer be ignored.


2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cher Kinamore

AbstractBackground: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and most common cancer cause of death in women aged 20–49 years in Canada. Developing a functional definition of ‘young’ is imperative in assessing and providing appropriate emotional support to the unique body image and sexuality concerns facing ‘young’ women with breast cancer. These concerns require proper assessment in order to provide appropriate interventions.Aims and objectives: To seek a functional definition of ‘young’ and to determine what body image and sexuality assessment tools and interventions are the most appropriate for young women with breast cancer.Methods: A literature search was undertaken to determine what body image and sexuality assessment tools and interventions are available and relevant to young women with breast cancer. Also, the assessment and interventions available to this patient cohort in the author's clinic were explored.Conclusions: Body image and sexuality questionnaires encourage young women and health-care providers (HCPs) to openly discuss these issues. Annon's PLISSIT model is an assessment and intervention strategy that enables HCPs to adequately assess and refer young women to suitable programs such as support groups and counsellors. The multi-disciplinary team should provide continuous emotional assessment and support throughout the cancer journey by collaborating to develop the best interventional strategies to the patient and her family.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S499-S499
Author(s):  
L. Leon-quismondo ◽  
M.F. Dieguez-porres

IntroductionNowadays, it is well known that a cancer diagnosis has an important impact on the patient and his family. Given a stressful life event, such as cancer, the family is in crisis, so it is crucial how they facing the process. Two families with different adaptation process at the time of diagnosis are presented and the differences are analyzed.CasesFamily 1: Woman, diagnosis of breast cancer. She lives with her husband and she has two children. Troubled family relationships before the diagnosis. Following the cancer diagnosis, family conflicts increase, both with their children and with her husband. The family is not able to adapt to the new situation and the patient perception is that her family do not care what is happening to her.Family 2: Woman, diagnosis of breast cancer. She lives with her boyfriend, she has no children. She has a good relationship with her family before the diagnosis, without unresolved conflicts in the past. Since cancer diagnosis the whole family has turned to the patient, being more available for her needs, physically and emotionally. She is feeling supported by them and this is making the adaptation process and family adjustment easier, feeling the patient stronger to cope with illness.ConclusionsIn families with unresolved crisis before the disease, the psychological stress increases after diagnosis. The family finds it difficult to react and adapt to the changes caused by the disease and the relationships between its members deteriorate. Conversely, if the family dynamic is good, it is a positive factor in the recovery.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Marlena Stradomska

The article is an analysis of the deliberations on legal and psychological issues. The thesis will include the most important theses on factors protecting against the act of suicide in relation to social life. In the 21st century, the problem of self-destruction is extremely significant, because every year many citizens in each country take their lives. An important aspect is that an individual feeling safe in the family, the local environment, society and the state has a better chance of maintaining mental well-being. The issue of citizenship lies on the border between administrative law and international law. Each state imposes many duties on its citizens, grants them rights as well as takes responsibility for them and protects them against foreign states. The starting point for existing legal regulations concerning the institution of Polish and international citizenship should be the definition of the concept and its practical consequences. This knowledge will determine further considerations regarding the treatment of a citizen as responsible for his fate of an individual who has certain characteristics, obligations, as well as rights and opportunities. In the present sense, citizenship is considered a legal state of submission on the legal status of a natural person. About civic education in the broader aspect should take care of the smallest social group which is the family. The task of this social unit is first and foremost a civic education of the individual, it also depends on implanting the citizen with respect and love for the homeland and shaping the national idea. In this case, the work will refer to suicide policy issues and protective factors that may weigh and determine the aspect related to the citizen's mental life.


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