Depressive Personality Styles and Social Anxiety in Young Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golan Shahar ◽  
Eva Gilboa-Shechtman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Depressive Personality

We examined the role of three depression-related cognitive personality styles in young adults’ social anxiety: evaluation concerns, positive achievement striving, and dependency. Sixty-nine undergraduates were administered measures of the aforementioned personality variables, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety. Controlling for participants’ depressive symptoms, we found that evaluation concerns, particularly self-criticism, predicted elevated levels of social anxiety. Dependency also predicted elevated social anxiety, but this effect was small and marginally significant (p = .05). Finally, positive achievement striving predicted low levels of social anxiety but only in the presence of evaluation concerns. Findings are consistent with earlier theoretical conceptualizations of social anxiety as reflecting low self-worth.

Peer Victimization and Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Body Dissatisfaction and Self-Esteem

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Benas ◽  
Brandon E. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Cognitions ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Interactive Nature ◽  
Low Levels

Research has suggested that different forms of negative cognitions contribute risk to the development of depressive symptoms. What remains unclear is whether there is specificity regarding the relation between childhood experiences and young adults’ current cognitions and whether these cognitions each contribute unique risk to depressive symptoms or whether they interact to predict increased depression risk. The primary goal of the current study was to examine the relation between depressive symptoms and young adults’ histories of negative childhood events (e.g., weight-related teasing) and whether certain types of negative cognitions (e.g., body dissatisfaction) mediate this relation. Supporting our specificity hypothesis, low self-esteem mediated the link between general peer verbal victimization during childhood and current depressive symptoms, and body dissatisfaction mediated the link between weight-related teasing during childhood and current depressive symptoms. In addition, supporting the interactive nature of forms of cognitive vulnerability, low levels of self-esteem, combined with high levels of body dissatisfaction, were associated with the highest levels of depressive symptoms.

Burden, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among caregivers of hemodialysis patients: The role of social support

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Madihah Shukri ◽  
Mohd Azman Mustofai ◽  
Md Aris Safree Md Yasin ◽  
Tuan Sharipah Tuan Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Low Levels

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine how burden and quality of life predict anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Social support was included in the model as a proposed moderator in the above relationships. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 340 caregivers of chronic kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. The setting was in Terengganu, Malaysia. The caregivers completed the measures of caregiving burden, quality of life, social support, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results About 28.8% and 52.4% of caregivers showed clinically moderate levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Furthermore, 35.9% and 3.8% of them showed clinically high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Analyses showed that general quality of life was a significant predictor of both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Burden and psychological domains of quality of life significantly predicted anxiety. In addition, a lack of social support was a determinant of depressive symptoms. Evidence suggested that social support moderated the burden–anxiety relationship. Specifically, caregivers with low levels of social support showed more elevated levels of anxiety symptoms when their burden was higher. Conclusion There is an urgent need for early detection to initiate prompt treatment in this population. The study provides some important insights into offering comprehensive intervention to help caregivers cope more effectively through the provision of sufficient social support to buffer the effects of caregiving burden and improve mental health.

scholarly journals Toward a Complex Network of Risks for Psychosis: Combining Trauma, Cognitive Biases, Depression, and Psychotic-like Experiences on a Large Sample of Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Gawęda ◽  
Renata Pionke ◽  
Jessica Hartmann ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Andrzej Cechnicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Traumatic Life Events

Abstract Although the linkage between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is scarce. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between traumatic life events and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in the population of young adults (18–35 years of age, M = 26.52, SD = 4.74, n = 6772). Our study was conducted within a framework of network analysis. PLEs were measured with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), cognitive biases were measured with nine items from the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-18 (DACOBS-18), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CESD-R) and exposure to traumatic life events was measured with a combination of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC). The results present a network of all nodes being interconnected within and between domains, with no isolated factors. Exposures to sexual trauma were the most central node in the network. Pathways were identified from trauma to PLEs via cognitive biases and depressive symptoms. However, the shortest pathway between the most central traumatic life event and PLEs was through other traumatic life events, without cognitive biases or depressive symptoms along the way. Our findings suggest the importance of environmental adversities as well as dysfunctional information processing and depression in the network of psychosis risks.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Young Adults Experience With a Reminiscence-Based Therapy for Depressive Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hallford ◽  
D. Mellor ◽  
M. E. Burgat
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Reminiscence Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Reframing ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Specific Factors

Reminiscence therapy is a novel psychosocial approach to treating depressive symptoms in young adults. We present the first qualitative inquiry into young adults’ experience of reminiscence-based therapy, aimed at exploring attitudes toward this approach and their view of processes underpinning positive change. Help-seeking young adults (mean age = 20.8, SD = 1.6) with at least moderate depressive symptoms were interviewed following a course of cognitive-reminiscence therapy. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The intervention was reported to be a positive experience that led to positive outcomes. Change was attributed to common therapy factors and specific factors of cognitive reframing, increasing awareness of a broader life story, learning from the past to feel more confident and able to cope, and strengthened self-worth and self-acceptance. These findings provide unique insight into young adults’ experience with reminiscence-based treatment for depressive symptoms and indicate it is generally acceptable, useful, and age-appropriate for them.

The role of personality in defeat: a revised social rank model

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Sturman ◽  
Myriam Mongrain
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Personality Styles ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

This study sought to test the role of personality within the social rank theory of depression. Specifically, self‐criticism was hypothesised to be a risk factor for mechanisms underlying involuntary subordination, while self‐efficacy was hypothesised to have a protective function. Involuntary subordination has been implicated as an underlying cause of depression and it was therefore important to determine the personality variables and other intrapsychic mechanisms that lead to this condition. The sample consisted of 115 participants (average age of 20.2 years) who were involved in athletic competition. Participants were evaluated at baseline for personality and social rank variables and for mood immediately before and after a competitive match. Two models were tested: the first model showed that self‐criticism and neuroticism predicted a heightened perception of defeat following a loss. Self‐criticism also predicted an inability to accept defeat which was associated with a latent variable interpreted as involuntary subordination. The second model demonstrated that self‐efficacy was associated with a more adaptive response to defeat, being negatively related to the perception of defeat. Both models proved to be viable and suggest that different personality styles confer specific vulnerabilities to involuntary subordination in the context of defeating events. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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