Gender Differences in Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Aggression Among College Students Using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A. Hines ◽  
Kimberly J. Saudino
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

In response to criticisms of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Straus revised the original scale to include sexual aggression and injury. The purpose of the present study was to use this new scale to replicate and expand existing knowledge of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. Four-hundred-eighty-one college students completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. As expected, females reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than males; there were no gender differences in reported physical aggression; and psychological and physical aggression tended to co-occur. Contrary to previous research, there were no gender differences in injuries. As expected, males reported perpetrating more sexual coercion than females; however, females also reported perpetrating sexual aggression, and there were no gender differences in reported victimization. For males, sexual coercion perpetration (not victimization) was related to the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression. For females, both sexual coercion perpetration and victimization were related to the perpetration and victimization of psychological aggression and victimization from physical aggression, but not to physical aggression perpetration.

Psychological Aggression Committed Through Technology: A Study With Dating College Students

Partner Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Zapor ◽  
Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger ◽  
JoAnna Elmquist ◽  
Jeniimarie Febres ◽  
Ryan C. Shorey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Conflict Tactics

Given the high prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among U.S. college students and their frequent use of technological devices (e.g., mobile phones, computers), there is widespread concern that psychological aggression may be occurring via such devices, termedcyber psychological aggression. The purpose of this study was (a) to examine the prevalence and frequency of perpetration and victimization of cyber psychological aggression, (b) to examine the association between cyber psychological aggression and traditional forms and modes of aggression (i.e., physical and face-to-face psychological aggression), and (c) to examine gender differences in the prevalence and frequency of cyber psychological aggression. College students (N= 345) in dating relationships completed the Cyber Psychological Abuse Scale (Leisring & Giumetti, 2014) and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, & Sugarman, 1996) for this study. Results indicated that 73% of males and 77% of females reported committing at least one act of cyber psychological aggression against their partner in their relationship. In addition, 74% of males and 72% of females reported being the victim of cyber psychological aggression in their relationship. No gender differences in the prevalence or frequency of minor cyber psychological aggression perpetration or victimization were found. Men, however, were more likely to report both perpetration and victimization of severe cyber abuse than women. Cyber psychological aggression was positively associated with traditional forms of physical and psychological aggression. The implications of these findings for future research and violence prevention programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Sexual and Physical Aggression Involve Different Relationship Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Wright ◽  
Rosemary Cogan ◽  
Nathanael Taylor
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

We assessed differences in relationship functioning in physically and in sexually aggressive student men and women. Forty-seven university students in beginning psychology classes completed the Bornstein Relationship Profile Test (RPT) and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) for partners and for others. The RPT categorizes people on dependency-detachment and yields three subscales: Destructive Overdependence, Dysfunctional Detachment, and Healthy Dependency. The CTS2 measures both the extent of to-partner and to-other aggression and the use of physical and sexual aggression in dealing with conflict. Students who were sexually aggressive toward partners and/or others had lower scores on Bornstein’s Healthy Dependence scale than those who were not sexually aggressive, F(1,43) = 6.57, p = .01.

Does Questionnaire Format Impact Reported Partner Violence Rates?: An Experimental Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Hamby ◽  
David B. Sugarman ◽  
Sue Boney-McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

Researchers assess partner violence using numerous formats, but whether questionnaire format affects obtained rates has rarely been examined. We compared paper-and-pencil versus computer administrations, and standard Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) categories versus dichotomous (yes/no) response categories, in a 2 &times 2 experiment with 160 undergraduate students. Differential validity was also examined for gender. Results provide some support for the use of all formats, although sexual coercion rates showed more measurement variability than reports of psychological aggression, physical assault, or injury. Sexual coercion effects also differed by gender. The standard CTS2 categories resulted in more disclosures than dichotomous categories for some variables. Differences between computer and paper-and-pencil formats were generally minimal. More attention to the effects of questionnaire design on disclosures of violence is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) Portuguese version used to identify violence within couples

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Leite Moraes ◽  
Michael E. Reichenheim
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

Following a previous evaluation of concept, item and semantic equivalences, this paper assesses the measurement equivalence between a Portuguese version of Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) and the original instrument conceived in English. The CTS2 has been widely used to tap violence between couples. An intra-observer reliability evaluation involved 165 replications carried out within a 24-48 hour period. Kappa point-estimates were above 0.75 for all scales except sexual coercion. The analysis of internal consistency concerned 768 subjects with complete sets of items. Kuder-Richardson-20 estimates ranged from 0.65 to 0.86. Results were similar to those found in the original instrument in English for the negotiation, psychological aggression and physical violence scales, yet not so for the sexual coercion and injury scales. Factor analysis identified factors with a recognizable correspondence to the underlying dimensions, although a few inconsistencies were detected. For the assessment of construct validity (n = 528) associations between the instrument's scales were evaluated, as well as the relationships between violence and putative underlying dimensions. Overall, the findings suggest that the version can be used in the Brazilian context, although further investigation should be carried out to unveil some important remaining issues.

Comparison of the CADRI and CTS2 for Measuring Psychological and Physical Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
pp. 3466-3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Cascardi ◽  
Sean Blank ◽  
Vikash Dodani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

Advancing dating violence (DV) research requires consistent conceptualization and measurement. However, empirical sudies on the measurement of psychological and physical DV perpetration and victimization are uncommon. There were three aims of the current study: (a) to examine the construct validity of psychological and physical DV perpetration and victimization on the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) and Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) using factor analysis; (b) to compare empirically derived DV scales with ones using face valid definitions of psychological and physical DV within each measure; and (c) to compare results obtained from the CADRI with those obtained from the CTS2. A diverse sample of undergraduates ( N = 512; 63.9% female, 50.0% White, 16.2% Black, and 22.9% Latino) completed an online survey. There were two-factor solutions for each survey and DV perpetration and victimization: moderate psychological DV and severe psychological/physical DV on the CADRI; and moderate psychological and physical DV and severe psychological and physical DV on the CTS2. Multiple regression analyses showed that results were similar for empirically and rationally derived scoring methods with one exception: On the CTS2, risk factors associated with moderate DV were not the same as those associated with psychological DV. Moreover, the unique contribution of risk factors to each form of DV depended on which survey was used. In multivariate studies of risk factors associated with psychological and physical DV, the CADRI and CTS2 do not appear to be interchangeable, and may lead to different conclusions about the relative importance of risk factors.

A dyadic approach to the study of romantic attachment, dyadic empathy, and psychological partner aggression

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Péloquin ◽  
Marie-France Lafontaine ◽  
Audrey Brassard
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Romantic Attachment ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Partner Aggression ◽  
Attachment Insecurity ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales

This study examined the intrapersonal, dyadic, and mediational relationships underlying romantic attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships), dyadic empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index for Couples), and psychological partner aggression (Revised Conflict Tactics Scales) in 193 community-based couples. In women, attachment insecurity predicted lower dyadic empathy and greater psychological aggression. In men, attachment insecurity predicted lower perspective taking, higher empathic concern, and greater psychological aggression. Partner effects were found for men, with their attachment predicting their female partner’s dyadic empathy and psychological aggression. In women, low perspective taking mediated the relationship between: (1) their anxiety over abandonment and their psychological aggression; and (2) their avoidance of intimacy and their psychological aggression. Findings are consistent with the attachment theory and clinical implications are discussed.

The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2)

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURRAY A. STRAUS ◽  
SHERRY L. HAMBY ◽  
SUE BONEY-McCOY ◽  
DAVID B. SUGARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Response Sets ◽  
Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Conflict Tactics ◽  
Revised Conflict Tactics Scales ◽  
Dating Relationship

This article describes a revised Conflict Tactics Scales (the CTS2) to measure psychological and physical attacks on a partner in a marital, cohabiting, or dating relationship; and also use of negotiation. The CTS2 has (a) additional items to enhance content validity and reliability; (b) revised wording to increase clarity and specificity; (c) better differentiation between minor and severe levels of each scale; (d) new scales to measure sexual coercion and physical injury; and (e) a new format to simplify administration and reduce response sets. Reliability ranges from .79 to .95. There is preliminary evidence of construct validity.

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