scholarly journals Growth performance of African catfish (Clarias sp.) juvenile fed on the diets containing various chromium content

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
H. Aryansyah ◽  
I. Mokoginta ◽  
D. Jusadi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Chromium Level

<p>This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different dietary chromium level on the growth performance of catfish (<em>Clarias</em> sp.) juvenile. Five experimental diets contain different chromium level, namely diet A (as a control diet) 0.01; B 1.30; C 2.60; D 3.90 and E 5.20 mg/kg diet were used in this experiment. Fish with body weight of  5.57 ± 0.01 g/ind, fed on the experimental diet, twice a day, at satiation. Feeding trial was conducted for 60 days. Based on the evaluation of protein level of the whole body, protein and lipid retention, daily growth rate and feed efficiency, it was concluded that the optimum dietary chromium level for catfish  juvenile was 2.60 mg/kg diet.</p> <p>Keywords: chromium, growth, <em>Clarias</em> sp.</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kromium dengan level berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele (<em>Clarias</em> sp.) juvenil.  Lima jenis pakan yang mengandung kromium berbeda, yaitu pakan A  (kontrol) 0,01; B 1,30; C 2,60; D 3,90 dan pakan E 5,20 mg/kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Ikan dengan bobot 5,57 ± 0,01 g/ind., diberi pakan 2 kali sehari secara satiasi.  Pemeliharaan ikan dilakukan selama 60 hari.  Berdasarkan analisa retensi protein, kandungan protein dan retensi lemak dalam tubuh ikan lele, disimpulkan bahwa kadar kromium yang optimum untuk juvenil ikan lele adalah 2,60 mg/kg pakan.</p> Kata kunci: kromium, pertumbuhan, <em>Clarias </em>sp.

Growth performance of Heterobranchus longifilis, (Valenciennes, 1840) Fingerlings Fed with Nymphaea lotus (Linné, 1753)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Otchoumou Kraidy Athanase ◽  
Blé Mélécony Célestin ◽  
Saki Suomion Justin ◽  
Alla Yao Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Heterobranchus Longifilis

A 56-day feeding trial was performed to examine the effects of using Nymphaea lotus leaf meal (NLM) on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and survival rate of African catfish (Heterobranchus longifilis). Five treatment groups in triplicates with an average of the initial weight of 0.26±0.07g were fed diets incorporated with graded levels of NLM (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%). The obtained results showed that higher final body weight (FBW), daily weight gain (DWG), and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed with fish fed the control diet (CD) and NLM at the level of 20% compared to those of fish fed other diets. Protein efficiency ratios (PER) were not altered with dietary treatment. In addition, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish groups fed up to 30% of NLM were not varied (p>0.05), meanwhile, daily feed intake of fish fed NLM diets exhibited lower values compared to those of fish fed CD. Final whole body proximate compositions of catfish showed no significant differences (P>0.05) except for the body total fat and ash contents. Fat contents of fish fed diets incorporated with NLM were significantly lower than those of fish fed the control diet (CD) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, ash contents of fish fed diets incorporated with high levels of NLM (30, 40%) were significantly lower than those of fish fed the control diet (CD) (P<0.05). Survival rates ranged between 72 - 80% and there were no differences among all groups (P > 0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that up to 20% of NLM protein can be incorporated in the diet of African catfish with no adverse effects on growth performance, feed utilization, and survival rate.

scholarly journals Sunflower meal as an alternative protein source to replace soybean meal in the diet of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruminsha Benedicto Christopher ◽  
B. Ahilan ◽  
A. Cheryl ◽  
Moses Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Significant Difference

The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) protein with sunflower meal (SFM) protein on growth performance, feed utilisation, survival and body composition of GIFT tilapia. Fish weighing between 1.03±0.01 and 1.19±0.02 g were stocked in in plastic troughs (50 l) at a stocking rate of 15 fishes per trough. Percent replacement of SBM by SFM on the basis of crude protein was 0% (control), 10% (SFM10), 20% (SFM20) and 30% (SFM30). Diets were fed to fish at the rate of 5% of the total fish biomass, daily for a period of 60 days. Fish fed with SFM 20% and SFM 30% sunflower meal had best performance in terms of weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, feed efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Analysis of fish whole body composition revealed that with increasing dietary SFM levels, whole body protein, ash and moisture contents showed significant difference among dietary treatments (p<0.05). Fish fed with SFM 30 diet showed the best growth performance compared to fish fed with the control diet.

scholarly journals Dietary Inclusion of Fermented Parkia in Feeds as an Organic Strategy to Improve Feed Quality and Antioxidant Parameters of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
J. Abafi ◽  
M. Aliyu-Paiko ◽  
K. M. Adamu ◽  
M. A. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feed Quality

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess fermented parkia infusion in feed as organic strategy to improve feed quality and immune system of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria, between 1st January 2017 and 25th March 2017. Methodology: In the present study, feed ingredients were fermented for 72 hrs with probiotic starter culture from Parkia biglobosa (TF diet) in comparison to a control diet with similar ingredients to the experimental diets but totally unfermented (CF diet) and used to make feed pellets. The experimental feeds were fed at 5% of body weight of each dietary treatment to triplicate groups of 20 fish per tank (100 Liter capacity), two times daily for 10 weeks. Proximate composition and mineral content of diets and whole fish, Feed efficiency, growth performance and Biochemical parameters of the fish were evaluated. Results: The result of proximate compositions of experimental diets revealed a significantly higher protein and ash contents in TF compared to the CF. Carbohydrate content was significantly lower in TF diet while crude fibre, moisture and fat contents were not significantly higher in CF compared to TF. The highest values of some minerals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) were also recorded in the TF while the least was recorded in CF. The result of feed efficiency and growth performance indicated similar feed acceptance and intake between fish fed the fermented diet and the control. The activities of serum antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in serum of fish fed TF compared to that in fish fed CF diet. Conclusion: It can be deduced from this study that the fermented diet improved the immunity of fish and does not adversely affect the growth performance.

scholarly journals Synergism of Dietary Co-Supplementation with Lutein and Bile Salts Improved the Growth Performance, Carotenoid Content, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Metabolism, and Lipase Activity of the Marbled Spinefoot Rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Abdallah Tageldein Mansour ◽  
Mohamed M. M. El-feky ◽  
Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽  
Ahmed Elsayed Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with bile salts (BS), lutein (LTN), and their combination on growth, survival, carotenoid content, and antioxidant status of rabbitfish (Siganus rivulatus) larvae. Fish were fed four isonitrogenous (34.39% protein) and isoenergetic (20.57 kJ/g) diets supplemented with BS (0.15 g kg−1), LTN (0.1 g kg−1), BS+LTN (0.15 and 0.1 g kg−1, respectively), and a non-supplemented control diet. The results revealed that fish fed BS+LTN had the highest significant specific growth rate (4.37% day−1), feed efficiency (46.55%), and survival (97.78%). Lutein supplementation improved whole-body protein content, meanwhile, fish fed a BS-supplemented diet had a higher lipid content. The carotenoid deposition was significantly increased with LTN and BS+LTN in skin, muscle, and whole body compared to the control and BS treatment. All dietary supplementation of BS and LTN showed significant improvement in total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Additionally, LTN alone or BS+LTN significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels by 5.30 and 29.91%, respectively compared to the control. BS supplementation modulated aminopeptidases activities, triglycerides, cholesterol, and increased the activity of pancreatic lipase. Therefore, it could be inferred that dietary supplementation with LTN in combination with BS could improve the growth performance, carotenoid deposition, antioxidant status, lipid digestion, and metabolism of S. rivulatus.

scholarly journals Quantifying the dietary potassium requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Yen Shiau ◽  
Jia-Fen Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
K Concentration

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary K requirement for juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Purified diets with eight levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 g/kg diet) of supplemental K were fed to tilapia. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish initially weighing a mean value of 0.77 (SE 0.01) g/fish in a closed, recirculating rearing system. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in fish fed the diets supplemented with 2, 3 and 4 g K/kg diet than in fish fed diet with 10 g K/kg diet and the unsupplemented control diet. Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity was highest in fish fed the diets supplemented with 1–3 g K/kg diet, followed by fish fed the diet with 5 g K/kg diet and lowest in fish fed the diet with 10 g K/kg diet. Whole-body K content in fish were generally increased as the dietary K supplementation level increased. Analysis by polynomial regression of weight gain and gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity and by linear regression of whole-body K retention of the fish indicated that the adequate dietary K concentration for tilapia is about 2–3 g/kg diet.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selection using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling EPDs on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Krause ◽  
E. R. Moore ◽  
J. Duggin ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
T. D. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

ObjectivesProfitability in the beef industry has narrow margins regulated by revenue from output traits like growth and carcass merit, but profitability is also largely impacted by input expenses like feed costs. Selecting for improvements in feed efficiency during the finishing phase, one of the most feed intensive segments of the industry, can help to mitigate those input costs. This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling.Materials and MethodsAngus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual average daily gain (RADG) EPD as well as high (fifth percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Generation was also analyzed, where generation one (GEN1) steers were from a selected sire while generation two (GEN2) steers were from a selected sire and a selected dam.ResultsUltrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. Yield grade and dressing percent did not differ (P ≥ 0.56) across RADG or MARB groups. At the beginning and end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area (REA) than the low RADG group. Carcass REA tended (P = 0.08) to be larger in the high versus low RADG steers. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, body weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. Body weights tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at the start of the feeding trial for GEN1 versus GEN2 steers. Total gain, average daily gain, and feed to gain (F:G) differed by generation (P ≤ 0.007) with increased rates of gain and reduced F:G in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers. Body weights did not differ (P = 0.72) across GEN at the end of the feeding trial. Backfat thickness at the start and end of the feedlot phase was less (P ≤ 0.03) and marbling score was improved (P = 0.02) in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; and that progress in selection for efficiency can be achieved while advancing carcass quality and value. Furthermore, continued divergent selection for feed efficiency and marbling has the potential to improve feed efficiency through advancements in the rate of gain, while enhancing carcass merit through marbling.

scholarly journals Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on growth performance, Campylobacter jejuni carriage and endogenous antimicrobial peptides in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Ding ◽  
Qingrong Jiang ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Feike Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cationic Peptide ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Galectin 3

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) supplementation on growth performance, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) carriage and antimicrobial peptides in the epithelial tissue of caecum and skin in rabbits. Five treatments included control and C. jejuni challenge with the addition of TMP at 0, 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of diet. The trial lasted for 35 days and C. jejuni challenge occurred on first day of feeding trial. The results showed that C. jejuni challenge worsened (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency, whereas TMP supplementation partially compensated (P &lt; 0.05) growth performance. C. jejuni populations in the caecal content and on the skin were decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in the treatments containing TMP. The mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides, including defensin neutrophil peptide 4, macrophage cationic peptide 2, galectin 3 and cathelicidin were also decreased (P &lt; 0.05) by C. jejuni challenge while they were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with supplemental TMP. Linear and quadratic trends (P ≤ 0.012) of the three doses of TMP were found in growth performance, linear trends (P ≤ 0.049) in C. jejuni carriage, and linear and quadratic trends (P ≤ 0.012) in galectin 3. The results suggest that TMP can partially protect from C. jejuni infection by decreasing C. jejuni carriage and activating epithelial antimicrobial peptides.

scholarly journals Inclusion of yeast-derived protein in weanling diet improves growth performance, intestinal health, and anti-oxidative capability of piglets 

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hu ◽  
L. Che ◽  
G. Su ◽  
Y. Xuan ◽  
G. Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Total Bacteria

The effects of yeast-derived protein (YP) on growth performance, intestinal health, and oxidative status of weanling piglets were investigated. A total of 80 weaned piglets (PIC 327 &times; 1050, 26 &plusmn; 2 days old, 6.20&nbsp;&plusmn; 0.10 kg) were randomly allocated into 2 groups, 5 pens per each group and 8 piglets per each pen, receiving control diet and diet with inclusion of 4% YP at the expenses of fish meal (YP diet) for a period of 28 days. The diets were formulated to contain similar nutrient levels. Compared with control, piglets fed YP diet had markedly higher overall average daily growth (+14%, P &lt; 0.05) and lower final feed conversion ratio (&minus;8%, P &lt; 0.01). Concentrations of serum serine, cystathionine, histidine, hydroxyproline, and urea were decreased in piglets fed YP diet (P &lt; 0.05), whereas alanine and aspartate were increased (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, serum antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase) was markedly increased (+19%, P &lt; 0.01) in piglets fed YP diet relative to piglets fed control diet. In addition, feeding YP diet considerably (P &lt; 0.05) increased the copy numbers of lactobacilli and total bacteria in the colon of piglets at the end of the experiment. Furthermore, the mRNA abundance of innate immunity-related genes (TLR4, NF-&kappa;B1, and IL-6) was increased (P &lt; 0.06) in the ileum of piglets fed YP diet. Collectively, results of this study indicated that diet with the inclusion of YP improved growth performance and partially enhanced anti-oxidative capability as well as intestinal innate immunity of weaning piglets.

scholarly journals Formulation of Senescent Plantain Dish with Various Local Cereal and Leguminous Flours for Feeding Rats: Growth Performance Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kouadio N. Joseph ◽  
Akoa E. Edwige ◽  
Kra K. A. Séverin ◽  
Niamke L. Sébastien
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rice Flours

The aim of this study was to valorize senescent plantain. Therefore, a traditional dish named Dockounou was prepared with a mixture of senescent plantain and various millet, soybean, sorghum, cassava, maize or rice flours. The growth performance of several Wistar rats feed by Dockounou was followed. Thus, batches of rats were fed for 15 days with three formulations (F1, F2, F3) in proportion of 90:10, 80:20 and 75:25 (senescent plantain dough/flours) obtained after two cooking modes (dry cooking: baked ; wet cooking: boiled). The effects of these formulations were compared to control diet (C. diet). Beyond the control diet, rats fed with the soybean baked Dockounou presented, the best following growth parameters: weight gain (2.82 to 4.19 g/d), food intake (8.92 to 9.72 g/d), feed efficiency (0.10 to 0.42), proteins intake (8.28 to 19.67), proteins efficiency (0.13 to 3.15). The physicochemical and nutritive characteristics of soybean baked Dockounou were as follow: ash (2.93 ±0.15 %), proteins (10.62±0.59 %), carbohydrates (15.46±1.53 %), calcium (232.04 – 558.20 mg/100g), potassium (313.97 – 385.11 mg/100g), magnesium (42.40 – 72.22 mg/100g), sodium (211.24 – 303.85 mg/100g) and phosphorus (330.70 – 433.71 mg/100g). Also, the study showed that, two formulations, 80:20 and 75:25, have really impact on rats growth. These results suggest that soybean baked Dockounou with important proportions, 80 % and 75 %, of senescent plantain dough can be effectively used in the diet of laboratory Wistar rats regarding the good zoological performances there are obtained.

Effect of pharmacological intakes of zinc and copper on growth performance, circulating cytokines and gut microbiota of newly weaned piglets challenged with coliform lipopolysaccharides

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Namkung ◽  
J. Gong ◽  
H. Yu ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

The effect of feeding pharmacological levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) to newly weaned piglets on growth performance, circulating cytokines levels and gut microbiota was investigated. One hundred eighty piglets [5.90 ± 0.18 kg body weight (BW); six pigs per pen] weaned at 16 to 19 d of age were fed diets containing 3000 ppm additional Zn, 250 ppm additional Cu or a control diet (150 ppm Zn, 15 ppm Cu) for 14 d post-weaning (weeks 1 and 2). Pigs were fed a control diet for an additional 2 wk. Pigs were injected intramuscularly on days 13 and 19 with either 75 μg kg-1 BW of coliform lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or an equivalent amount of saline. Blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS injection to measure plasma levels of cytokines and cortisol. Digesta of ileum and colon were collected from non-challenged pigs on days 14 and 28 to evaluate microbiota using conventional culturing methods and polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCRDGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes. There were no interactive effects of diet and LPS challenge on growth performance (P > 0.10). Compared with the control, high dietary Zn and Cu increased (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 1 (0.125, 0.091 vs. 0.074 kg; P < 0.05) and 2 (0.240, 0.270 vs. 0.155 kg; P < 0.01) only. LPS injection reduced ADG during weeks 2 and 4 (P < 0.01). Dietary treatment did not affect feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Challenging pigs with LPS reduced (P < 0.01) feed efficiency during week 2, but increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency during week 3. There were no interactive effects between diet and LPS on plasma cytokines levels, except for cortisol (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α) and cortisol increased (P < 0.01) in pigs challenged with LPS. The high levels of dietary Zn and Cu reduced (P < 0.05) the increases in plasma cortisol level in LPS-challenged pigs at days 9 and 19. There were no differences among the dietary treatments in counts of coliforms and lactobacillus in the digesta from ileum and colon (P > 0.10). PCR-DGGE analysis showed that high levels of dietary Zn and particularly Cu significantly reduced the diversity of ileal microbiota. The effect on microbiota diversity was reversible when dietary Zn and Cu were removed. Enhanced growth performance of the newly weaned piglets fed high dietary Zn and Cu appears mediated via changes in gut microbiota as well as a reduced cortisol response following an immune challenge. Key words: Piglets, zinc, copper, lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota, cytokines

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