The Learning Organisation: Validating A Measuring Instrument

<h2 style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;">The EFMD reports in their Survey Summary Service (2006) that the topic of “The Learning Organisation” ranked in that year as the second most enduring idea about strategy and business, out of ten ideas most likely to last at least another ten years. Management literature contains a considerable number of references to the learning organisation and its characteristics.  An instrument developed by Pedler, et al. (1991) to measure eleven characteristics of the learning organisation was used in the present study to measure the degree to which respondents considered their own organizations to conform to the eleven characteristics ascribed to the learning organisation. The aim of this paper is to report on the research and analyses being undertaken to better understand the factor structure and content of the construct, as well as the predictive and discriminatory validity of the same instrument. Item Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used for this purpose. The predictive/discriminatory validity of the instrument, which has been proved to be uni-dimensional, was investigated by means of One-way Analysis of Variance, Stepwise Discrimination Analysis and Discrimination Analysis. The results indicate that the instrument can adequately distinguish between respondents from different economic sectors and organisations as well as differentiate respondents in terms of some other variables. The study should be regarded as entirely applicable to the South African cultural and organizational environments.</h2>

Download Full-text

Validation of the Patient-Centred Care Competency Scale Instrument for Finnish Nurses

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11060583 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 583

Author(s):

Riitta Suhonen ◽

Katja Lahtinen ◽

Minna Stolt ◽

Miko Pasanen ◽

Terhi Lemetti

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Mean Square ◽

Cronbach’S Alpha ◽

Patient Centred Care ◽

Cronbach's Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Patient-centredness in care is a core healthcare value and an effective healthcare delivery design requiring specific nurse competences. The aim of this study was to assess (1) the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Finnish version of the Patient-centred Care Competency (PCC) scale and (2) Finnish nurses’ self-assessed level of patient-centred care competency. The PCC was translated to Finnish (PCC-Fin) before data collection and analyses: descriptive statistics; Cronbach’s alpha coefficients; item analysis; exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; inter-scale correlational analysis; and sensitivity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were acceptable, high for the total scale, and satisfactory for the four sub-scales. Item analysis supported the internal homogeneity of the items-to-total and inter-items within the sub-scales. Explorative factor analysis suggested a three-factor solution, but the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure (Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) 0.92, goodness-of-fit index (GFI) 0.99, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 0.065, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) 0.045) with 61.2% explained variance. Analysis of the secondary data detected no differences in nurses’ self-evaluations of contextual competence, so the inter-scale correlations were high. The PCC-Fin was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of nurses’ patient-centred care competence. Rasch model analysis would provide some further information about the item level functioning within the instrument.

Download Full-text

Developing the scale of writing, speaking, listening, reading self-efficacy for learners of Turkish as a foreign language

Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences ◽

10.18844/cjes.v11i4.4440 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 676-693

Author(s):

Dilek Unveren

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Foreign Language ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Foreign Students ◽

Item Analysis ◽

The Self ◽

Listening Skills ◽

Sample Group ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The aim of this study is to develop a scale to measure Turkish reading, listening, speaking and writing self-efficacy of foreign students in Turkey. The sample group of this study consists of 412 foreign students studying in TOMER. At the first phase, four sets of items consisting of 200 items were prepared as a data collecting tool. Eliminating 90 of the items upon expert evaluations, a draft scale consisting of 110 items was applied to mentioned foreign students. The data obtained from the study were analysed by item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods. At the end of the study, the self-efficacy scale of Turkish reading, writing, speaking and listening skills, which consists of 94 items and targets foreigners who learn Turkish as a foreign language, was found to be a reliable and valid scale. Keywords: Self-efficacy scale, learning Turkish as a foreign language.

Download Full-text

ASSESSING STATISTICS ANXIETY IN AN ONLINE OR HYBRID SETTING: THE ADAPTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INSTRUMENT SASOH

STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL ◽

10.52041/serj.v20i1.96 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Lu Liu

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Mathematics Anxiety ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Statistics Anxiety ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

New Instrument ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Attitudes Toward Statistics

With the purpose of developing an instrument for measuring statistics anxiety in the online or hybrid setting, this study tested the newly developed instrument in two stages. Results on item selection and exploratory factor analysis based on pilot testing (n = 115) are presented. Results on classical item analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis, the measurement invariance test results, and the predictive and discriminant validity of the final model based on formal testing (n = 709) are presented. The resulting Statistics Anxiety Scale in the Online or Hybrid setting instrument (SASOH) has 27 items and four dimensions. The four dimensions are Class and Interpretation Anxiety (CI), Fear of Asking for Help Anxiety (FA), Online System Anxiety (OS), and Pre-Conception Anxiety (PC). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the four-factor SASOH model represents an adequate description of statistics anxiety in an online or hybrid setting. Moreover, multiple-groups confirmatory factor analysis affirmed that the resulting model achieved at least partial measurement and structural invariance across gender and program. In addition, attitudes toward statistics significantly predicts the four factors of statistics anxiety, and the discriminant validity from mathematics anxiety was confirmed. Recommendations for future studies are also provided.

Download Full-text

Constructing the Assessment Scale of Youth’s Restaurant Entrepreneurship Competency: The Case of Taiwan

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244019900566 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 215824401990056

Author(s):

Meng-Lei Monica Hu ◽

Yu-Hsi Yuan

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Delphi Technique ◽

Item Analysis ◽

High Growth ◽

Assessment Scale ◽

Depth Interview ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Valid Data ◽

Dramatic Rise

Due to the dramatic rise in the entrepreneurship trend both in education and industry, there is a high growth in the tourism and hospital industry. But the valid tool for assessing talent’s entrepreneurship competence wasn’t available. Thus, the aim of this study is to construct an assessment scale for youth’s Restaurant Entrepreneurship Competency (REC) in Taiwan. Methods with qualitative step consisted of expert in-depth interview and Delphi technique which gained 35 original items and 5 domains. It shows the patterns of REC. The quantitative step involved students of universities as participants in the pre-test and survey. The collected 762 valid data were used for exploratory factor analysis, item analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, a total of 29 items passed in the examination and named the “REC Scale.” It could be used to assess youth’s REC, and provide educational resources or designed curriculum for talent cultivation.

Download Full-text

Validity and reliability of Korean version of the Grit Scale for Korean nursing students

The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education ◽

10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.3.322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 322-331

Author(s):

Hyo-Suk Song ◽

So-Hee Lim

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Korean Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Grit (Grit-K) scale for nursing students in Korea.Methods: The participants in the study were 277 nursing students. Their grit was verified by using self-reports and the results of a questionnaire. Grit was translated into Korean and its content validity was verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed by using internal consistency reliability.Results: Two factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and six items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and Grit was found to be an applicable instrument.Conclusion: This study shows that the Korean Version of the Grit Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nursing students in Korea.

Download Full-text

The Body Shape Questionnaire Is Not Invariant Across Sex: Evidence From Portuguese-Speaking University Students

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512519839537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (3) ◽

pp. 462-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wanderson Roberto da Silva ◽

Viren Swami ◽

Angela Nogueira Neves ◽

João Marôco ◽

Christopher N. Ochner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Body Shape ◽

Item Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Differential Item Analysis ◽

Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis

The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) is a widely used measure of body shape concerns that was originally designed for use with women but has more recently been used with boys and men. The latter use may be problematic, given that no previous study has demonstrated sex invariance for BSQ scores. To determine the extent to which BSQ scores are sex invariant, we asked Portuguese-speaking women ( n = 1,613) and men ( n = 871) to complete the full BSQ (34 items). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a hypothesized 32-item model of BSQ scores and shorter versions had acceptable fit indices in women and men, separately. However, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that these BSQ model scores had configural but not metric, scalar, or strict sex invariance. Differential item analysis indicated significant item-functioning differences on 19 of the 32 retained BSQ items. Thus, BSQ scores are not sex invariant, making problematic the results of previous studies that have compared latent BSQ scores across sex.

Download Full-text

A scale development study: Hemodialysis comfort scale version II

Journal of Research in Nursing ◽

10.1177/17449871211041834 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174498712110418

Author(s):

Cansu Kosar Sahin ◽

Sezgi Cinar Pakyuz

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Item Analysis ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Chronic Hemodialysis ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Study Item ◽

Hemodialysis Treatment ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Measuring Tool ◽

Analysis Scale

Aim Aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measuring tool in order to evaluate comfort of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment. Background There has been available a scale developed to evaluate comfort of hemodialysis patients “HDCS (Hemodialysis Comfort Scale).” Due to HDCS consisted of nine items and evaluated comfort in two sub-dimensions, researchers who developed HDCS, stated that number of scale items and dimensions is not sufficient to fully evaluate comfort. Therefore, (Hemodialysis Comfort Scale Version II) HDCS-II was developed with this research and its development process were discussed in this article. Materials and Methods Sample of this methodological research was consisted of 436 chronic hemodialysis patients, treated at five hemodialysis centers between October 2018 and May 2019. In process of creation item pool, comfort theory and literature was examined. The items in the old scale were also revised and included. Thereby a new question pool of 87 items was created. This draft scale was sent for expert opinion. In validity of scale; content validity index, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. In reliability study; Item analysis, cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient, parallel form reliability and item analysis based on upper-lower group averages were used. Results There was consistency between expert views relating to items in scale. According to exploratory factor analysis, scale consisted of six dimensions. Cronbach alpha coefficient of 26-item scale was 0.79. Alpha values of the six factor in scale were, respectively; for physical relief 0.83, for physical ease 0.71, for psychospiritual ease 0.87, for psychospiritual transcendence 0.85, for environmental transcendence 0.82, and for sociocultural ease 0.61. Conclusion HDCS-II is a 5-point likert type and consists of 26 items and 6 factors. This scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine comfort of patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment.

Download Full-text

Runing ahead: Pensamiento divergente y sus dimensiones: ¿De qué hablamos y qué evaluamos?

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.32.3.224371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carmen Ferrándiz García ◽

Mercedes Ferrando ◽

Gloria Soto ◽

Marta Sainz ◽

María Dolores Prieto

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Public Schools ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Cognitive Process ◽

Divergent Thinking ◽

Font Size ◽

Creative Imagination ◽

Confirmatory Factor

This paper examines the role of latent cognitive process and the contents of task (verbal and figural) in divergent thinking. The sample was composed of 260 students, attending different public and semi-public schools in the Murcia Region (Spain), with ages ranging from 8 to 15 years old. Creativity was assessed with the Torrance Test of Creativity Thinking (TTCT) and the Test of Creative Imagination (PIC). Results suggest that, even though both tests are based on the psychometric approach and Guilford´s theory of creativity, their scores are not significantly correlated. Results from confirmatory factor analysis suggest two independent factors (one for each test), more related to tasks’ demands and contents than with the cognitive processes traditionally considered in the definition and measurement of creativity.

Download Full-text

Construct Validity of the Commitment to Career Choices Scale among Late Adolescents: Another Look

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3f.1264 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1264-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael V. Ellis ◽

David L. Blustein

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Data Base ◽

South African ◽

Career Choices ◽

Full Range ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

Homogeneous Sample ◽

Confirmatory Factor

In response to Stead and Watson (1992), we reassessed the construct validity of the Commitment to Career Choices Scale using an age-constrained sample from our aggregate data base. A confirmatory factor analysis yielded findings comparable to Stead and Watson's results, thereby suggesting that their findings were likely due to using a homogeneous sample with truncated scores. Given the theoretical importance of measuring the full range of the two commitment to career choices continua, it seems premature to delete items from the scales for research with South African university students. Alternatively, we encourage the use of norms to interpret scores from the scales.

Download Full-text

Individualiteit, kollektiwiteit en lokus van beheer as mikroveranderlikes van diversiteit

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology ◽

10.4102/sajip.v22i3.614 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

Author(s):

H. S. Rieger ◽

C. J. H. Blignaut

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Locus Of Control ◽

South African ◽

Item Analysis ◽

South African Context ◽

Internal Locus Of Control ◽

Two Factors ◽

African Context ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Reliability Coefficients

Individuality, collectivity and locus of control as micro variables of diversity. The principal aim of the study was to construct an instrument to measure individuality and collectivity as micro variables of diversity in the South African context. The Individuality-collectivity Inventory was applied to 326 university students. A factor analysis on 80 items yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as collectivity and individuality. The two scales were subjected to an item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,86 and 0,910. A secondary aim of the study was to determine whether any correlation exists between individuality, collectivity and locus of control. The two sub-scales of the Individuality-collectivity Inventory were correlated with the three sub-scales of the Locus of Control Inventory. Statistically significant positive correlations were found to exist between individuality, internal locus of control and autonomy. The implications of the findings on the management of diversity are discussed. Opsomming Die hoofdoel van die studie was om 'n instrument vir die meting van die konstrukte individualiteit en kollektiwiteit as mikroveranderlikes van diversiteit in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks daar te stel. Die Individualiteit-kollektiwiteitskaal is op 326 universiteitstudente toegepas. 'n Faktorontleding op 80 items het twee faktore tot gevolg gehad/ naamlik Individualiteit en Kollektiwiteit. Die twee skale is vervolgens aan 'n itemontleding onderwerp en betroubaarhede van 0,86 en 0,910 is onderskeidelik opgelewer. 'n Sekondere doelwit van die studie was om te bepaal of daar 'n verband tussen individualiteit, kollektiwiteit en lokus van beheer bestaan. Die twee sub-skale van die Individualiteitkollektiwiteitskaal is met die drie sub-skale van die Lokus van Beheer-vraelys gekorreleer. Statisties beduidende positiewe korrelasies bestaan tussen individualiteit, interne lokus van beheer en outonomie. Die implikasies van die bevindinge vir die bestuur van diversiteit word bespreek.

Download Full-text