Microlending: What Business Can Do To Facilitate Community-Based Growth

Billions of dollars have been expended in foreign assistance throughout the third world, with much of this aid being provided by the not-for-profit community. While frequently effective in facilitating short-term benefits, these projects often do not improve the continuing living conditions for the residents of the community.  Not-for-profits generally are in the business of short-term crisis relief; consequently, they do not have a focus on job provisions in the affected community that would increase their living standards in the long-term.  Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, are in the business of job creation, which not only provides long-term benefits for the entrepreneur, but also for the entire community.  Microlending, a term coined originally by Muhammad Yunus to describe very small loans made in third-world countries, has had an enormous impact on the lives of entrepreneurs, their families, and their communities.  Many not-for-profits may wish to employ the techniques illustrated by Yunus and other successful microlending institutions.  They may find the task overwhelming, however, without employing business professionals, whose services can be costly.  For not-for-profits who might be interested in starting such a program, this paper will describe the process of microlending, articulate methods of selecting a loan recipient, and show mechanisms for documenting a microloan.

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Incorporating Immigrant Perspectives Into Organizational Research and Practice: Implementing Inclusive Discussions

Practicing Anthropology ◽

10.17730/praa.37.1.j19673736u6l388p ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Jennifer Long ◽

Melissa Fellin ◽

Janet Bauer ◽

Dolores Koenig ◽

Rhiannon Mosher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Policy Development ◽

Research Process ◽

Participatory Action ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Research ◽

For Profit ◽

Relevant Evidence ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Competitive Funding

Anthropologists have "been in business" with for-profit and not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) for most of the 20th century, and their role as consultants for such corporations, research firms, and local organizations has continued to grow since this time (Jordan 2013). When they invest in community-based research through these partnerships, NPOs often hope to acquire meaningful and relevant evidence about practices in their communities. Yet, NPOs are unable to realize many of their potential collaborations with academics due to their dependency on elaborate and increasingly competitive funding frameworks constructed by granting bodies (INTRAC 2012). Furthermore, Morris and Luque (2011) have argued that community-based organizations and coalitions have limited input from the populations they hope to represent. Consequently, the representation and inclusion of diverse populations throughout the research process continues to be a struggle. This includes participation in data collection, project development, creation of evaluation measures, and the negotiation of program and/or policy development. Despite these limitations, participatory-action research is shown to provide long-term partnerships between both academics and their collaborators (INTRAC 2012).

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The U.S. Imperial State in Cuba 1952–1958: Policymaking and Capitalist Interest

Journal of Latin American Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022216x00003618 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 143-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Morris H. Morley

Keyword(s):

National Security ◽

Third World ◽

American Foreign Policy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Adequate Explanation ◽

Short Term ◽

Trade Relations ◽

The Third World ◽

Imperial State

The literature on American foreign policy tends to emphasize nonstructural (national security, ideological, strategic, bureaucratic, etc.) factors in seeking to account for the differing U.S. government responses to nationalist movements that challenge for and/or capture state power in the Third World. In those instances where structural (e.g. economic) factors are acknowledged to be significant, they are still generally accorded a secondary role in the shaping of policy actions. As a result, most interpretations are rooted in discrete policy actions linked to particular and time-bound events unrelated to any core concept that could serve as an organizing principle (e.g. a theory of capital expansion) for understanding the observed continuities in U.S. policy over historical time. In contrast, this study contends that a focus on theinterfacebetween permanent (economic) and short-term (non-economic) objectives provides a more adequate explanation of U.S. imperial state policy in specific conjunctures. It is proposed that while ‘national security’ concerns, strategic interests, ideological outlooks and bureaucratic conflicts may directly influence Washington's policy toward Third World nationalism, these factors must also be understood in a context in which they converge, or are intertwined, with underlying long-term economic concerns (investment, trade relations, access to strategic raw materials, etc.)

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Abstract #283 Diabetes Increases Short-Term but not Long-Term Risk of Fracture: A Community-Based Study

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)46627-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Alyssa Dufour ◽

Setareh Williams ◽

Richard Weiss ◽

Elizabeth Samelson

Keyword(s):

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Risk Of Fracture

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Looking in the mirror

Pacific Accounting Review ◽

10.1108/par-09-2013-0091 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 486-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul Wells

Keyword(s):

Business Professionals ◽

Content Type ◽

Public Practice ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Individual Perception ◽

Psychology Theory ◽

Chartered Accountants ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose – There is a widely held stereotypical view that accounting is structured, precise, compliance-driven and repetitive. Drawing on social psychology theory, this paper aims to examine how accountants may contribute to these stereotypical perceptions. Design/methodology/approach – Individual perception data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with accountants from the corporate, public practice and not-for-profit sectors, along with “Chartered Accountants” who no longer work as accountants. Findings – These findings suggest that, contrary to results from an earlier study, the targets of the accounting stereotype contribute to the stereotype formation and maintenance and that increased exposure to accountants may serve only to confirm and reinforce the accounting stereotype. Research limitations/implications – There are a small number of participants in this study, and this limits the ability to generalise the findings. Practical implications – These findings have important implications for the profession in how it communicates and promotes the role of the accountant in society. Failure to address the issues identified may lead the stereotype to become self-fulfilling. This may result in the recruitment of future accountants who lack the required skills and capabilities. This could lead to the loss of non-compliance-related accounting work to other business professionals. Originality/value – This study responds to criticism that little is known about how and why the accounting stereotype is formed and how contact with an accountant may increase stereotypicality. Additionally, this paper proposes a strategy to reduce stereotypicality through contact with accountants.

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A Model of Inclusion for Children With Disability in NSW Community Preschools

Australasian Journal of Special and Inclusive Education ◽

10.1017/jsi.2021.16 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Tracey Quick ◽

Beth Flatley ◽

Claire Sellwood ◽

Oishee Alam ◽

Ildi Vukovich

Keyword(s):

Capacity Building ◽

Training Data ◽

Learning Needs ◽

Community Based ◽

Major Barrier ◽

For Profit ◽

Children With Disability ◽

Meaningful Participation ◽

Not For Profit ◽

South Wales

Abstract The New South Wales (NSW) Government supports the meaningful participation of children with disability and additional learning needs in community-based not-for-profit preschools. Funding and sector capacity building is provided under the Disability and Inclusion Program to support access and participation in educational programs. Research and theories, which highlight the essential factors for successful inclusion, have been used to guide the development of the program. Baseline data were collected from 680 survey respondents from NSW community preschools regarding barriers to inclusion and supports needed to ensure that inclusion for children with additional needs is successful. Attitude to inclusion was not reported to be a major barrier; however, educators reported the need for specialist support and appropriate training. Data from the program continue to reveal the reality of inclusion for children and the role played by funding and ongoing capacity-building support.

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Visions of Human Futures in Space and SETI

10.31235/osf.io/93nc2 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jason T. Wright ◽

Michael P. Oman-Reagan

Keyword(s):

Solar System ◽

Science Fiction ◽

Dark Matter Particle ◽

Short Term ◽

National Science ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Near Future ◽

Far Future ◽

Made In

We discuss how visions for the futures of humanity in space and SETI are intertwined, and are shaped by prior work in the fields and by science fiction. This appears in the language used in the fields, and in the sometimes implicit assumptions made in discussions of them. We give examples from articulations of the so-called Fermi Paradox, discussions of the settlement of the Solar System (in the near future) and the Galaxy (in the far future), and METI. We argue that science fiction, especially the campy variety, is a significant contributor to the ‘giggle factor’ that hinders serious discussion and funding for SETI and Solar System settlement projects. We argue that humanity's long-term future in space will be shaped by our short-term visions for who goes there and how. Because of the way they entered the fields, we recommend avoiding the term ‘colony’ and its cognates when discussing the settlement of space, as well as other terms with similar pedigrees. We offer examples of science fiction and other writing that broaden and challenge our visions of human futures in space and SETI. In an appendix, we use an analogy with the well-funded and relatively uncontroversial searches for the dark matter particle to argue that SETI's lack of funding in the national science portfolio is primarily a problem of perception, not inherent merit.Also on arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.05318Please cite this version:Wright, Jason T., and Michael P. Oman-Reagan. “Visions of Human Futures in Space and SETI.” International Journal of Astrobiology, 2017, 1–12. doi:10.1017/S1473550417000222.

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Progress in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation

The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874303x014070100115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 115-122

Author(s):

Jodi M. Smith ◽

Vikas R. Dharnidharka

Keyword(s):

Kidney Transplantation ◽

Graft Survival ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Short Term ◽

Allocation Policy ◽

Pediatric Kidney Transplantation ◽

Timely Access ◽

The Impact ◽

Made In

Significant progress has been made in pediatric kidney transplantation. Advances in immunosuppression have dramatically decreased rates of acute rejection leading to improved short term graft survival but similar improvements in long term graft survival remain elusive. Changes in allocation policy provide the pediatric population with timely access to transplant but there remains concern about the impact of less HLA matching and a decrease in living donors. This report presents data from North America on these successes and the ongoing challenges that face the pediatric transplant community.

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Natural Resources and Problems of Development

Cooperation and Conflict ◽

10.1177/001083677400900210 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 9 (2-3) ◽

pp. 179-184

Author(s):

Per Antonsen

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Third World ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

World Market ◽

Economic Security ◽

Industrial Enterprises ◽

The Third World

The author focuses on problems in the economy of the developing countries likely to arise as a consequence of mineral exploitation in the new territories. A general shortage of mineral resources, although predicted, should not uncritically be adopted as a sufficient explanation of the demonstrated interest of industrial enterprises in undertaking heavy investments in the new territories. The economic security claimed by institutions financing large-scale investments, may just as likely force the companies to seek options for long-term supplies from these areas, unhampered by the politically caused instabilities perceived in the Third World. This development may tend to push the developing countries into the role of subsidiary suppliers in the world market. The committees preparing the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea have so far taken no realistic measures to counteract this possibility, which may prove detrimental to the economies of several developing countries. The Conference will, in the opinion of the author, provide little but a settlement of disputed interests among the coastal states.

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Short-term nutrition and growth indicators in 6-month- to 6-year-old children are improved following implementation of a multidisciplinary community-based programme in a chronic conflict setting

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019002969 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 134-145

Author(s):

Hambardzum Simonyan ◽

Aelita Sargsyan ◽

Arin A Balalian ◽

Karapet Davtyan ◽

Himanshu A Gupte

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Short Term ◽

Community Based ◽

Multidisciplinary Intervention ◽

Feeding Duration ◽

Minimum Dietary Diversity ◽

Growth Indicators

AbstractObjective:We investigated short- and long-term indicators of malnutrition and diet before and after the community-based ‘Breaking the Cycle of Poverty’ multidisciplinary intervention.Design:A historically and geographically controlled study using data collected in 2013 and 2016. We compared the prevalence of short-term indicators (anaemia, breast-feeding duration and minimum dietary diversity) and long-term indicators (stunting and wasting) in exposed communities at two time points. We then compared these factors in geographic areas exposed or not exposed to intervention. We conducted logistic regression analyses on the 2016 sample to measure associations between living in intervention communities and child growth indicators.Setting:Berd region, a chronic conflict zone near the north-eastern border of Armenia and Azerbaijan.Participants:Children aged 6 months to 6 years.Results:Analyses included data from 2013 comprising 382 children, and data from 2016 comprising 348 children living in communities where the programme was implemented, and 635 children from unexposed communities. Anaemia prevalence in exposed communities was significantly lower in 2016 v. 2013 (10·9 v. 19·1 %, P < 0·01). Minimum dietary diversity (79·0 v. 68·1 %, P < 0·001) and breast-feeding duration (13·0 v. 11·5 months, P < 0·002) were significantly improved in exposed communities. Prevalences of stunting (11·5 v. 10·2 %, P = 0·57) and wasting (4·8 v. 2·0 %, P = 0·07) were not significantly different. Odds of anaemia were significantly lower (OR = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·16, 0·36) in intervention communities.Conclusions:Exposure to a community-based multidisciplinary intervention reduced the rate of anaemia and improved dietary indicators.

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Incapacitated and Alone: Prevalence of Unbefriended Residents in Alberta Long-Term Care Homes

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244019885127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 215824401988512 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephanie A. Chamberlain ◽

Wendy Duggleby ◽

Janet Fast ◽

Pamela B. Teaster ◽

Carole A. Estabrooks

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Population Level ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Term Care ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of residents who are incapacitated and have no surrogate decision maker, known as the “unbefriended” in Alberta long-term care (LTC) homes. Using cross-sectional online survey methods, data were collected from 123 staff (i.e., directors of care/nursing, administrators) from Alberta LTC homes. Information was collected on survey respondents’ demographic characteristics, number of unbefriended residents, and on organizational characteristics. The overall prevalence of unbefriended residents in LTC homes was 4.14% in Alberta ( SD = 6.28%, range: 0%-34.6%). Homes with the highest prevalence (nearly 15%) of unbefriended residents had >135 beds and were public not-for-profit and located in large urban centers. Fifty-three percent of unbefriended residents were male. The highest prevalence of unbefriended residents lived in homes located in large urban centers and public not-for-profit operators. Population level and LTC home level prevalence data are needed to assess the scope of unmet needs.

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