Shifting Spatial Patterns Of A Monocentric Metropolitan Area: The Evolution Of An Employment Cluster In The Buffalo-Niagara Falls, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA): 1990-2000

These findings are contrary to the established economic and geography literature that strongly suggests employment suburbanization has and will continue to create employment centers beyond the central city in metropolitan areas.

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Employment Density Variation in the Baltimore Metropolitan Area

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a140591 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 591-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R A Erickson

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Central City ◽

Density Variation ◽

Transportation Costs ◽

Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽

Density Gradients ◽

Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽

Employment Density ◽

Employment Data ◽

Statistical Area

Traditional density models have used a single gradient to depict the employment distribution over metropolitan space. However, different processes have characterized city and suburban development, and suburban gradients are not simple extensions of central city ones. Analysis of employment data for the Baltimore standard metropolitan statistical area in 1974 indicates that differences in markets and transportation costs help to account for observed differences in city-suburban density gradients.

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ARE HOUSING PRICE CYCLES ASYMMETRIC? EVIDENCE FROM THE US STATES AND METROPOLITAN AREAS

International Journal of Strategic Property Management ◽

10.3846/ijspm.2019.6361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christophe André ◽

Rangan Gupta ◽

John W. Muteba Mwamba

Keyword(s):

Loss Aversion ◽

Linear Models ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Housing Prices ◽

District Of Columbia ◽

Housing Price ◽

Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽

The Us ◽

Housing Price Dynamics ◽

Statistical Area

This paper investigates asymmetry in US housing price cycles at the state and metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level, using the Triples test (Randles, Flinger, Policello, & Wolfe, 1980) and the Entropy test of Racine and Maasoumi (2007). Several reasons may account for asymmetry in housing prices, including non-linearity in their determinants and in behavioural responses, in particular linked to equity constraints and loss aversion. However, few studies have formally tested the symmetry of housing price cycles. We find that housing prices are asymmetric in the vast majority of cases. Taking into account the results of the two tests, deepness asymmetry, which represents differences in the magnitude of upswings and downturns, is found in 39 out of the 51 states (including the District of Columbia) and 238 out of the 381 MSAs. Steepness asymmetry, which measures differences in the speed of price changes during upswings and downturns, is found in 40 states and 257 MSAs. These results imply that linear models are in most cases insufficient to capture housing price dynamics.

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HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY COASTLINE

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v1.33 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

C. F. Wicker

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New Jersey ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Atlantic City ◽

Geographic Proximity ◽

The Public ◽

Large Numbers ◽

History Of ◽

Resort Towns

The New Jersey coast probably is the most important recreational asset in the nation. This is due in part to the nearby densely populated metropolitan areas that experience unpleasantly hot and humid weather during the summer months. New York and its satellite communities, having a combined population of approximately 13 million, is only 50 miles from the nearest and 160 miles from the most remote of the 57 resort towns that dot the 125-mile length of New Jersey seashore. The Philadelphia metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 4 million, lies 60 miles from the nearest resort and only 86 miles from the farthest. But it is not merely geographic proximity to large numbers of people and the compulsion of uncomfortable weather at home that attracts 4 million vacationers and a great many one-day excursionists to the New Jersey seashore resorts each year. Nearly all of the 125 miles of shoreline is a satisfactory sandy bathing beach, and about 80% of it is open to the public at no charge. The ocean is not polluted, its temperature is approximately 700 throughout the summer months, and its surf is not dangerous. The 57 resort communities collectively offer a great variety of accommodations ranging from luxurious hotels to modest boarding houses and tourist camps, and the surroundings include highly developed areas, as at Atlantic City, as well as localities remaining in a natural condition. The development of this shoreline as a recreational resource began nearly two hundred years ago, at Cape May.

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Differentiation of reproductive behaviour of the population of the Kraków Metropolitan Area in the light of survey research

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series ◽

10.1515/bog-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (31) ◽

pp. 45-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jadwiga Gałka ◽

Sławomir Kurek ◽

Mirosław Wójtowicz

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Central City ◽

Reproductive Behaviour ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Suburban Area ◽

Population Migrations ◽

Demographic Behaviour ◽

The City ◽

Further Development

Abstract Metropolitan areas are the poles of economic growth of regions and countries. These areas are characterized by specific development cycles, which are related to the direction of population migrations. Accordingly, there is a phase of urbanisation, suburbanisation, disurbanisation and re-urbanisation. Studies show that most Polish metropolitan areas are undergoing the process of suburbanisation, which means the movement of population from the central city to its suburban area. This process entails a number of demographic, social and economic consequences. One of the main demographic consequences of suburbanisation is the change in the structure of the central city and its suburban area. The reason for this is the fact that migrations from the centre are usually undertaken by young people. Thus, the number of inhabitants of the central city declines and the population is ageing. Migrants from the city bring new patterns of social and demographic behaviour, which may be shown in, among others, the tendencies of indigenous people to change the traditional family model. This paper attempts to determine the reproductive behaviour patterns of the population of the Krakow Metropolitan Area (KMA) in the light of the survey. The surveys were conducted in selected KMA municipalities in 2013. The analysis of qualitative data, divided into two categories of respondents: immigrant and indigenous inhabitants, will give an answer to the question, what are the reproductive attitudes of the population and how they may affect the further development of these areas?

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Sustained High Rates Of Job Creation And Destruction In Substate Economies

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v2i9.2917 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Christine Doyle-Burke ◽

Maureen Dunne ◽

Marie McKinney ◽

Svetlana R. Grutman ◽

Michael Kreppel

Keyword(s):

Business Cycle ◽

Job Creation ◽

Data Series ◽

Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽

Job Flows ◽

Font Size ◽

Job Reallocation ◽

The Business Cycle ◽

Statistical Area ◽

Job Creation And Destruction

Widely utilized net employment change statistics actually mask an extremely volatile process of job creation and destruction.  In the past decade economists have addressed this problem by exploiting newly available longitudinal data series to estimate these job flows and the subsequent amount of job churning at the national, state and MSA level.  This study is unique in that it uses an innovative technique to capture job flows within and between industries at the local area level where longitudinal BLS data series are not available.  The geographic unit of analysis in this paper is a Cohesive Commercial Statistical Area™ (CCSA), a substate aggregate of cities and towns sharing common economic interests but not a Metropolitan Statistical Area.  The paper examines job flows in two very different Massachusetts substate economies: the MetroWest CCSA, a technology sensitive research and development economy, and the South Shore CCSA, a mature economy with a competitive edge in financial services. This study establishes that a sizable portion of disaggregated job flows can be captured at a substate level using available employment data. Building upon techniques used in earlier studies, the authors confirmed very high levels of employment volatility, “job churning”, in both substate regions.  The authors found that over two decades, job reallocation rates in MetroWest averaged 9%, affecting one out of 11 jobs annually. The study traced the pattern of job creation and destruction over the course of local business cycles and found that both job creation and destruction existed during all phases of the business cycle. Although, as expected, job creation dominated the expansion phase and destruction dominated the contraction phase, the total amount of job reallocation (creation plus destruction) remained relatively stable through all stages of the business cycle.   However, the composition of the job reallocation varied dramatically by stage of business cycle.  A Job Replacement Ratio has been developed as a quick test to confirm economic expansion or contraction and to focus economic development efforts.

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US Metropolitan Area Resilience: Insights from dynamic spatial panel estimation

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x17736067 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 111-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Justin Doran ◽

Bernard Fingleton

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Industrial Structure ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽

Panel Estimation ◽

Metropolitan Statistical Areas ◽

Spatial Panel ◽

Panel Model ◽

Spatial Panel Model ◽

Statistical Area

In this paper, we show that the economic crisis commencing in 2007 had different impacts across US Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and seek to understand why differences occurred. The hypothesis of interest is that differences in industrial structure are a cause of variations in response to the crisis. Our approach uses a state-of-the art dynamic spatial panel model to obtain counterfactual predictions of Metropolitan Statistical Area employment levels from 2008 to 2014. The counterfactual employment series are compared with actual employment paths in order to obtain Metropolitan Statistical Area-specific measures of crisis impact, which then are analysed with a view to testing the hypothesis that resilience to the crisis was dependent on Metropolitan Statistical Area industrial structure.

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What Is the Effect of Commute Time on Employment?: Analysis of Spatial Patterns in New York Metropolitan Area

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1780-06 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1780 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nathan M. Macek ◽

Asad J. Khattak ◽

Roberto G. Quercia

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Commute Time ◽

York Metropolitan Area ◽

New York Metropolitan Area

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Reordering Occupation, Race, and Place in Metropolitan New York

The Urban Book Series - Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 407-429

Author(s):

Kasey Zapatka ◽

John Mollenkopf ◽

Steven Romalewski

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Central City ◽

Blue Collar ◽

Foreign Born ◽

Ethnic Inequality ◽

New Thinking ◽

White Professionals

AbstractThe New York metropolitan area is one of the oldest, largest, and perhaps most complex urban region in the United States (U.S.). Its 23.7 million residents live across four states, produce a GDP of more than $1.7 trillion, are governed by a fragmented political system, and experience persistently high degrees of geographic and racial/ethnic inequality and segregation. This chapter investigates the evolving spatial organization of occupation and race across the metropolitan area. While white professionals have traditionally lived in an outer ring of suburbs and blue-collar immigrant and minority groups have lived closer to the city center, our research shows that the forces of gentrification and minority and immigrant suburbanization have been turning the metropolitan area inside out. Specifically, young, usually white, professionals are increasingly located in and around the central city whereas many working-class minorities have shifted away from it. At the heart of this spatial reordering lie the diminishing plurality of native-born whites within the region and the increasing share of immigrant minority groups, especially for foreign-born Hispanics and Asians. This trend has lessened the share of white males in better occupations even as the region’s occupational structure slowly but inexorably tilts toward managerial and professional occupations. Technology is transforming white-collar work as blue-collar work continues to disappear. Dramatic shifts are thus afoot, yet inequality and segregation remain high. We argue that these changes in the spatial organization of the metropolitan area challenge us to see these inequalities from a new vantage point. As elites are now more likely to live among less advantaged groups, this may provide the social basis for new thinking.

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Local Capital Spending in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

Public Works Management & Policy ◽

10.1177/1087724x9800300106 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 73-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrew F. Haughwout

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Local Governments ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Central City ◽

General Purpose ◽

City Governments ◽

Central Cities ◽

Spending Patterns ◽

Capital Spending ◽

Capital Intensive

This article describes capital spending patterns for general purpose local governments in 36 large U.S. metropolitan areas for the period from 1987 to 1991. Capital spending by central cities dominates metropolitan area expenditures in each year. The results suggest that at least for local capital spending, central city residents provide the bulk of funds devoted to metropolitan area infrastructure provision. The primary reasons for this dominance are that city governments spend more than suburbs overall, and their spending is more heavily weighted toward capital in the most capital-intensive functions. City spending is not more concentrated in heavily capital-intensive functions. Highway and sewer aid from other levels of government favors cities but does not fully compensate them for the greater capital spending they undertake.

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The Impact of Targeted Partnership Grants on Minority Employment

The Review of Black Political Economy ◽

10.1007/bf02689970 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 19-29

Author(s):

Maurice Y. Mongkuo ◽

William J. Pammer

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Central City ◽

Private Investment ◽

Future Research ◽

Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽

Ecological Fallacy ◽

Partnership Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Statistical Area ◽

Minority Employment

This paper assesses the relative impact of the major design components of the Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) targeted partnership development initiative on minority employment in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA). Data are drawn from records obtained from the Department of Housing and Urban Development of completed UDAG projects between 1978 and 1988 for the Pittsburgh PMSA. The results suggest that targeting geographic projects by leveraging private investment in a central city does not yield a significant increase in minority employment. Moreover, the geographic emphasis of UDAG projects do not exhibit an ability to increase minority employment. These findings support the benefit capitalization and ecological fallacy arguments, which propose that the benefits of targeted partnerships (i.e., employment) is shifted away from the original beneficiaries. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and directions for future research.

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