scholarly journals Bullies, Victims and Provocative Victims in Context: Discriminant Factors in a Portuguese Adolescent Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Carvalho ◽  
Catia Branquinho ◽  
Margarida Gaspar De Matos

Context: With strong and serious impacts on health and individual well-being, bullying presents itself as one of the most traumatic experiences at school age. Objective: analyse the differences between bullies, victims and provocative-victims for individual, relational, school and contextual factors. Design: cross-sectional study based on the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Results: Bullies reported consuming more tobacco and drugs, but less alcohol, when compared to victims and provocative-victims. Bullies also reported being more involved and having more security feelings at school, better relationships with their peers, being better accepted by the peers, and more positive attitudes, compared to victims and provocative-victims; which reported more fear, sadness, rejection feelings, and also, more withdrawal at school. Group differences were also found in the time spent with friends in everyday life, nigh outs and well-being, with bullies presenting the higher odds. Provocative-victims reported involving more in fights than victims. Otherwise, bullies reported making friends more easily and spending more time with friends after school. Conclusions: Given the different characteristics and impacts of bullying on victims, bullies and provocative-victims, it is essential to consider the interrelations of groups and focus on a more engaging perspective, based on an ecological intervention model. A strong argument is also made related to the need to include young people participation in the definition of public policies to prevent peer related violence, as well as a need to focus not only in the prevention of peer related violence, but also to focus on violence-free, positive relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Hahnefeld ◽  
Thorsten Sukale ◽  
Elena Weigand ◽  
Katharina Münch ◽  
Sigrid Aberl ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Our goal was to accurately detect young children at risk for long-term psychiatric disturbances after potentially traumatic experiences in the course of relocation. In addition to detailed assessment of parent-rated parent and child symptomatology, we focused on disruptive behaviors in the education environment summarized as survival states, as these frequently lead to clinical referral. Methods We screened 52 refugee children aged 3–7 (M = 5.14 years, SD = 1.17) for symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) with the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screening (CATS) in parent rating. The parents’ mental health was assessed using the Refugee Health Screener (RHS-15). Furthermore, the child’s educators were asked to evaluate the pathological survival states of the child and we made a general assessment of the children’s symptoms with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) rated by parents and educators. Children in the refugee sample completed a working memory learning task (Subtest Atlantis from the Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children, KABC-II) and delivered saliva samples for testing of the cortisol level. Results The parental rating of their child’s PTSD symptoms was significantly related to their own mental well-being (r = .50, p < .001). Children with survival states in educator ratings exhibited weaker learning performance (F = 3.49, p < .05) and higher evening cortisol levels (U = 113, z = − 1.7, p < .05, one-tailed). Conclusions Survival states are promising indicators for children’s learning performance and distress level complementary to parent rating of child PTSD, which is highly intercorrelated with the parents’ own symptom load. Trial registration Trial registration number: DRKS00021150 on DRKS Date of registration: 04.08.2020 retrospectively registered


2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1893-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Loi ◽  
Briony Dow ◽  
Kirsten Moore ◽  
Keith Hill ◽  
Melissa Russell ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTBackground:Attitudes to aging have been investigated in non-carer populations and found to have important relationships with physical and mental health. However, these have not been explored in an older carer sample, although it is becoming increasingly important to clarify variables which are linked with positive carer outcomes. This is one of the first studies to report on older carers, their attitudes to aging, and the relationship with carer-related factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 202 carers with a mean age of 70.8 years was conducted in Victoria, Australia, using carer demographic data, carer factors such as depression (using the Geriatric Depression Scale), burden (using the Zarit Burden Inventory, ZBI), physical health, personality, and attitudes to aging (using the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire, AAQ). Spearman rank correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used.Results:This study showed that carers had overall positive attitudes to aging inspite of their caring role. It also identified that carer factors including depression and burden contributed a significant amount of the variance to attitudes to aging in terms of physical change and psychosocial loss. Personality traits, specifically neuroticism, and extraversion, were also important contributors to attitudes to aging.Conclusions:Results from this study demonstrated that inspite of moderate levels of depression and spending significant time caring, carers reported positive attitudes to aging. Treating depression, decreasing burden, and investigating the benefits of caring may assist older carers maintain their well-being.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260921
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Palmer ◽  
Kathryn Wehrmeyer ◽  
Marianne P. Florian ◽  
Charles Raison ◽  
Ellen Idler ◽  
...  

Anxiety is prevalent among hospital inpatients and it has harmful effects on patient well-being and clinical outcomes. We aimed to characterize the sources of hospital distress and their relationship to anxiety. We conducted a cross-sectional study of inpatients (n = 271) throughout two Southeastern U.S. metropolitan hospitals. Participants completed a survey to identify which of 38 stressors they were experiencing. They also completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory six-item scale. We evaluated the prevalence of stressors, their distribution, and crude association with anxiety. We then used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between stressors and clinically relevant anxiety, with and without adjusting for demographic variables. We used factor analysis to describe the interrelationships among stressors and to examine whether groups of stressors tend to be endorsed together. The following stressors were highly endorsed across all unit types: pain, being unable to sleep, feelings of frustration, being overwhelmed, and fear of the unknown. Stressors relating to isolation/meaninglessness and fear/frustration tend to be endorsed together. Stressors were more frequently endorsed by younger, female, and uninsured or Medicaid-insured patients and being female and uninsured was associated with anxiety in bivariate analysis. After controlling for the sources of distress in multivariate linear analysis, gender and insurance status no longer predicted anxiety. Feelings of isolation, lack of meaning, frustration, fear, or a loss of control were predictive. Study results suggest that multiple stressors are prevalent among hospital inpatients and relatively consistent across hospital unit and disease type. Interventions for anxiety or emotional/spiritual burden may be best targeted to stressors that are frequently endorsed or associated with anxiety, especially among young and female patients.


Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Neliane Aparecida Silva ◽  
Letícia Yamawaka de Almeida ◽  
Jaqueline Lemos de Oliveira ◽  
Lilian Carla de Almeida ◽  
Regina Célia Fiorati ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: The work environment is a place in which different kinds of interpersonal relationships are developed and can contribute positively or negatively to productivity and to workers’ well-being. Discussion on this topic may contribute to building more coping strategies to fight against gender inequality and the emotional repercussions of these conditions. OBJECTIVE: This is a cross-sectional study that investigated the possible influence of work environment relationships on the mental health of Brazilian seamstresses. METHODS: The participants were seamstresses from four clothing factories in a city in the southwest of Brazil. For data collection, we used the Social Support Perception at Work Scale; Self-Report Questionnaire; Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; and a focus group. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed, and data from the focus groups were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Interpersonal relationships at work were mentioned as sources of conflict and stress but also as emotional and material social support providers. In the sample studied, these relationships did not influence directly the development of mental health disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that a low level of education is an important factor that increases the vulnerability of these women to the precariousness of work, and, consequently to developing mental health symptoms or aggravating previous mental health distress. However, emotional and material support from peers likely protects these workers’ mental health.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Ranita Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Suvobrata Sarkar ◽  
Manidip Pal ◽  
Jayeeta Mukherjee ◽  
Gairik Bera

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has been the cause of agony for millions of people worldwide. Anxiety of losing near ones and stress of rearing children besides bearing the bulk of domestic tasks have led to certain behavioral changes in the pregnant women. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess anxiety, awareness, and behavioral changes among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine and J.N.M. Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, from May 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. All antenatal patients after the second trimester visiting the OPD or maternity ward, satisfying inclusion criteria after formal consent, were considered for the study. Results: Out of a total of 139 patients, mostly primigravida, 122 (87.7%) participants were of 18–33 years age. Observations revealed that 24% more women were worried about their own health after the arrival of pandemic. The overall worry percentage for unborn baby (88%), existing children (76%), and older relatives (38%) remained uniform throughout the study period. Staying at home, stocking of food, and medical equipment showed a downward trend toward the end of the study. Conclusion: The impact of the pandemic has been mammoth, taking a toll on the behavior and anxiety of the pregnant women, which when unnoticed may have a long-term effect on their mental health as well as family life. Physical and mental support from external and internal sources will pave the way to a healthier mental well-being of these antenatal mothers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Giménez-Espert ◽  
Sandra Maldonado ◽  
Daniel Pinazo ◽  
Vicente Prado-Gascó

Communication is essential to the quality of care and patient satisfaction. It has been linked to positive patient outcomes, increased engagement, improved health outcomes, and safe practices. Given these benefits and the association between attitudes and behaviors, as behaviors can be predicted by studying attitudes, assessing attitudes of nursing students toward patient communication is critical for future nursing professionals. For this purpose, the main aim of this study was to adapt and validate an instrument to measure nurses’ attitudes toward communication (ACO) for nursing students. The ACO with patients was analyzed. Then, differences in the dimensions of the instrument (ACO) for nursing students according to an academic course and the correlations were calculated. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a convenience sample of 1,417 nursing students from five universities in the Valencian Community (Spain) during the 2018/2019 academic year and 83.8% (1,187) were women. The reliability was analyzed by using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR). Analysis of construct validity was performed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The instrument adapted from nurses to nursing students was composed of 25 items grouped in three dimensions: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. The psychometric properties suggested that the instrument ACO for nursing students was reliable and valid. The ACO of nursing students was positive with high levels in cognitive and behavioral dimensions, while scores were worst in the affective component. The second-year nursing students showed more positive attitudes in the affective dimension, while in the cognitive and behavioral dimensions, the most positive attitudes were found in the first year. In the correlations, the behavioral and cognitive dimensions showed a significant, positive, and very high correlation. These findings should be considered in developing academic plans to improve the effectiveness of the communication education process of the students to increase the quality of patient care and well-being of nursing students.


Author(s):  
Rafaela Cristina Araújo-Gomes ◽  
Gabriel dos Santos Gonçalves ◽  
Claúdio Joaquim Borba-Pinheiro

Introdução: As academias de ginástica são empresas voltadas para a prática de atividade física. Ações de responsabilidade social empresarial estão relacionadas a posturas, comportamentos e ações voltadas à promoção da qualidade de vida e bem-estar do público interno e externo da empresa.Objetivo: Examinar as ações de responsabilidade social que são realizadas pelas academias, na cidade de Tucuruí-PA.Métodos: Estudo transversal do qual participaram seis academias da cidade de Tucuruí-PA. A coleta de dados foi feita através de um questionário semiestruturado com questões fechadas, abrangendo cinco áreas de responsabilidade social: 1) Bom relacionamento com os clientes; 2) Ações para a comunidade; 3) Tratamento adequado com os funcionários; 4) Legalização; e 5) Responsabilidade com o meio ambiente, realizado em forma de entrevista com os proprietários das academias.Resultados: Observou-se que a área do relacionamento com os clientes é a mais importante para as academias avaliadas. Todavia, de modo geral, há, também, uma preocupação com as outras áreas abordadas.Conclusão: As academias analisadas buscavam realizar ações de responsabilidade social dentro das cinco áreas abordadas neste estudo. Os resultados foram discutidos.Social Responsibility actions in a Fitness Center of a North Brazilian CityIntroduction: The fitness centers are companies dedicated to the practice of physical activity. Actions of corporate social responsibility are related to postures, behaviors and actions aimed at promoting the quality of life and well-being of the internal and external public of the company.Objective: To examine the actions of social responsibility that are carried out by the fitness centers on the city of Tucuruí-PA.Methods: Cross-sectional study involving six fitness centers from the city of Tucuruí-PA. Data collection was done through a semi-structured questionnaire with closed questions, covering five areas of social responsibility: 1) Clients relationship; 2) Actions for the community; 3) Appropriate treatment with employees; 4) Legalization; and 5) Environment responsibility. It was applied as interview to the fitness centers’ owners.Results: Relationship with the clients was the most important area observed for the fitness center. However, in general, there is also a concern with the other addressed areas.Conclusion: The fitness centers evaluated sought to carry out social responsibility actions within the five areas addressed in this study. Results were discussed.


GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Oberhauser ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Eva-Marie Kessler

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.


1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Sheh Mureed ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Gandro ◽  
Walid Hassan

Background: Globally, 3.1 million newborn deaths occur every year out of these estimated 400,000 neonatal deaths occur in Pakistan. All neonatal deaths 99% take place in poorest region and countries of the world, usually within hours of birth; mostly the cause of neonatal deaths is hypoxia. To access knowledge and practice of SBAs regarding HBB and to access the availability of equipments required for HBB. Methods: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study on SBAs as trained in HBB. All 46 SBAs trained on HBB working in Labour room eight rural Health centers, four Taluka, One district Head Quarter Health Facilities and thirteen Mlbcs of the district, were included in the sample for study. All 41 SBAs were trained on HBB participated in the study. Results: Mean age of 30 years. Out of total 41 participants 25 were working in B-EmoNC (61%), 3in C-EmoNC (7.3%) and 13 in mid wife laid birth Centre (MLBC) or birth station (31.7%). About 92.7% of participants said that main purpose of HBB training is to decrease the NMR by improving newborn care. Drying of newborn is 82.7%, hand washing is 95.12% and 85.3% of the study participants said that they gave 30-40 breaths per minutes. Cord clamp and pair of ties was accessible to 85% of participants versus 14.3% who reported it's not accessible. Almost one quarter (34.1%) participants have low knowledge and practice. Knowledge and training had significant effect on the overall practices of the skilled birth attendants for skilled birth deliveries and reduce the neonatal deaths (P <0.001). Conclusion: Tools play a vital role for the implication of the knowledge into practices and tools were available almost to every participant. Although few barriers also identified for the less application of the helping hand babies trainings in the community.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Zerrin Gamsizkan ◽  
Mehmet Ali Sungur ◽  
Yasemin Çayır

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the factors that may affect the demands of patients who come with the request to have a blood test without any chronic disease or a planned examination check. Methods: The data of this descriptive, cross-sectional study, were collected with a questionnaire that was prepared to examine the opinions of the patients who claim to have a blood test by coming to the family health center without any complaints. Patients over 18 years of age, who did not have any chronic disease and had no scheduled examination appointments were included in the study. Results: A total of 278 patients who wanted to have a blood test within the 6-months period were included in the study. Female patients who wanted to have a blood test were significantly more than male patients. When we look at the causes of patients who wanted to have a blood test; 61.2% (n=170) patients stated that they are concerned about their health and 6.1% (n=17) stated that they were affected by media warnings. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of blood test requests of patients and their age, gender, education, and general health status. Conclusion: Patients with high expectations and anxiety may be more willing to perform blood tests at inappropriate intervals. Family physicians, whose primary role is preventive medicine, have consultancy and information duties in order to protect their patients from the risk of over-examination and diagnosis. Keywords: blood tests, patient, screening, routine diagnostic tests


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