scholarly journals Are Innovation Output and Economic Output Strongly Related in Emerging Industrial Clusters? Evidence from China

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Yingbo Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhen Lei ◽  
Qiuya Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
State Council ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Industrial Databases ◽  
Industrial Economic

For many countries, innovation-driven development has become a prevalent consensus because innovation can effectively stimulate economic growth. Emerging industries are innovation-intensive with high potential economic benefit. However, is it assured that high innovation output means high economic benefit? In October of 2010, China State Council initiated the Decision of Speeding up Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries, signifying top-down policy mobilization to advance emerging industries. According to seven types of emerging industries defined in the Decision, we collected data from official industrial databases to figure out spatial divergence of emerging industries in terms of innovation output and economic benefit over the years from 2000 to 2011. We construct twodimension scatter diagrams based on number of granted patents as the indicator of innovation output and industrial locational quotient as the indicator of industrial economic benefit. The result shows that China has seen preliminary spatial clustering of key emerging industries across regions and industries in the light of innovation output and economic benefit. However, not all regions with high innovation output have high economic benefit. The spatial divergence is closely related to region-specific and industry-specific characteristics. We offer policy implications to facilitate targeted emerging industries with more detailed policy and regional endowment.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Spectral Clustering Algorithm with S-Distance

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Krishna Kumar Sharma ◽  
Ayan Seal ◽  
Enrique Herrera-Viedma ◽  
Ondrej Krejcar
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Customer Churn ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Spectral Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Industrial Databases

Calculating and monitoring customer churn metrics is important for companies to retain customers and earn more profit in business. In this study, a churn prediction framework is developed by modified spectral clustering (SC). However, the similarity measure plays an imperative role in clustering for predicting churn with better accuracy by analyzing industrial data. The linear Euclidean distance in the traditional SC is replaced by the non-linear S-distance (Sd). The Sd is deduced from the concept of S-divergence (SD). Several characteristics of Sd are discussed in this work. Assays are conducted to endorse the proposed clustering algorithm on four synthetics, eight UCI, two industrial databases and one telecommunications database related to customer churn. Three existing clustering algorithms—k-means, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise and conventional SC—are also implemented on the above-mentioned 15 databases. The empirical outcomes show that the proposed clustering algorithm beats three existing clustering algorithms in terms of its Jaccard index, f-score, recall, precision and accuracy. Finally, we also test the significance of the clustering results by the Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test, Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test, and sign tests. The relative study shows that the outcomes of the proposed algorithm are interesting, especially in the case of clusters of arbitrary shape.

Entrepreneurship Development Interventions as a Pragmatic Approach to Political and Economic Restructuring in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 435-452
Author(s):  
Lukman Raimi ◽  
Hassan Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Systematic Collection

This study discusses the imperative of entrepreneurship development interventions as pragmatic responses to political and economic restructuring in Nigeria. The qualitative research method, which entails a systematic collection of information extracted from government documents and scholarly articles, was adopted. The extracted information was critically reviewed and synthesized using content analysis. The chapter found that political and economic structures in Nigeria are largely ineffective and require urgent restructuring. For political restructuring, there is a need for constitutional amendments, while for economic restructuring, the establishment of industrial clusters to reinvigorate entrepreneurship development interventions is imperative. The study concludes with policy implications and suggestions for further research.

scholarly journals Introduction: The Changing Organization of Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Duguid
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Dense Networks ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Japanese Firms ◽  
Competitive Disadvantage ◽  
Interfirm Relations ◽  
Market Relations

In his seminal 1972 essay on the “organization of industry,”G. B. Richardson argued that economists had generally viewed firms as “islands of planned co-ordination in a sea of market relations.” Business historians, too, had focused predominantly on the firm (or entrepreneur) and the market. In drawing attention when he did to the “dense networks of co-operation and affiliation by which firms are inter-related,” Richardson was on the forefront of what would become a noticeable shift in the analysis of business organization. There were many reasons for this transition. In particular, the comparative success of the “Japanese model,” with its “intermarket”keiretsudisturbed standard assumptions. (Richardson himself pointed to Japanese firms as thriving examples of interfirm relations.) Furthermore, it was becoming clear that in many emerging industries networked relations of industrial clusters were increasingly important. Comparative research suggested that new-technology firms with tightly drawn boundaries were at a competitive disadvantage compared to firms that had developed cooperative links not only to suppliers but even to competitors. To explain such developments, economists, organizational theorists, and business historians alike looked beyond not only the conventional boundaries of the firm but also the conventional boundaries of their disciplines. In particular, they turned to theories of networks, the topic of this special issue.

scholarly journals Does Urbanization Improve Industrial Water Consumption Efficiency?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingquan Liu ◽  
Yongqing Li ◽  
Rui Hou ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
Efficiency Gap ◽  
Water Consumption Efficiency ◽  
Consumption Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Economic

Although some studies have focused on the logical connection between industrial water consumption in the industrial economic development (IED) and industrial wastewater treatment (IWT) stages, the master–slave game relationship between these stages has not been considered. This study selected panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2015, divided these provinces into IED- and IWT-dominated regions, and developed a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model based on the master–slave game relationship between the IED and IWT stages. In addition, a regression model based on the Simar–Wilson approach was constructed to reveal the effects of urbanization on industrial water consumption efficiency. The results show that the industrial water consumption efficiency in China slightly fluctuated from 2011 to 2015, and there was no significant efficiency improvement. The efficiency of the IED stage was generally higher than that of the IWT stage, and the efficiency gap between stages was smaller in IED-dominated regions than in IWT-dominated regions. Urbanization has different effects on industrial water consumption efficiency, and the same factor can have significantly different effects in different regions. Some policy implications are proposed for the different types of regions.

scholarly journals Determinants of Innovation Ecosystem in Underdeveloped Areas—Take Nanning High-Tech Zone in Western China as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Huang ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Rao Li ◽  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Western China ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
The Relationship

High-tech zones are an important platform for local governments in China to carry out regional collaborative innovation and an important carrier for the construction of a regional innovation ecosystem. The evolution path of innovation ecosystem in a high-tech zone is divided into three stages: enterprise collection, industrial cluster, and system integration. The innovation subjects form a complex network system that transcends the physical boundary. This paper studies the relationship between innovation input, innovation output, and innovation environment from the perspective of cluster innovation ecosystem structure. Using data mining technology, this paper establishes an index variable system of the innovation ecosystem in a high-tech zone, which includes innovation input, innovation output, and innovation environment. Based on the data of the Nanning National High-tech Zone in China, empirical tests were carried out, using factor analysis and regression analysis to analyze the quantitative relationship between the input, output, and innovation environment of the Nanning High-tech Zone’s innovation ecosystem, and to explain the relationship between each other and the overall innovation of the high-tech zone. This research has certain practical significance for enriching and perfecting the theory of industrial clusters and studying the evolution of the innovation ecosystem of high-tech zones from a micro level. It has important, enlightening significance as a reference for the construction of innovative high-tech zones and the enhancement of high-tech zones’ independent innovation capabilities.

scholarly journals MANAGERS’ ACTIVITIES WITHIN CULTURAL AND CREATIVE CLUSTERS: AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT FOR CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT IN THE VISEGRÁD COUNTRIES / VADYBINĖ VEIKLA KULTŪRINIUOSE IR KŪRYBINIUOSE KLASTERIUOSE: PAGRINDINIS KLASTERIŲ PLĖTROS VEIKSNYS VIŠEGRADO ŠALYSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš DANKO ◽  
Pavel BEDNÁŘ ◽  
Jana MATOŠKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Life Long Learning ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Despite the fact that extensive research devoted to cultural and creative industries spatial clustering has been conducted, studies dealing with institutionalised clusters as official entities are rare. Thus creative clusters organisations are weakly theorized compared to industrial clusters due to their project-oriented (non-standardized) production. Consequently, the aim of the paper is to gain insight in benefits of institutionalised cultural and creative clusters and determinants as well as barriers of their development based on cluster managers’ activities in the Visegrád countries. To achieve the stated aim semi-structured interviews with cluster managers were conducted for data collection. Subsequently grounded theory approach and network maps were employed to draw results. Hence, the key benefits for cluster members are reflected in utilizing access to cluster internationalisation activities, knowledge sharing within local creative milieu, and collaborative projects to increase their competitiveness as well as commercialisation of their products. Furthermore, knowledge of cooperation, level of openness, approach to life-long learning, amount of time for cluster activities, previous experience, communication skills, and involvement in mutual cooperation were identified as predominant determinants of cultural and creative cluster development.

scholarly journals Inflation and inflation-uncertainty in India: the policy implications of the relationship

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdur Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Garch Model ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Inflation Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Inflation and its related uncertainty can impose costs on real economic output in any economy. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in India. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology uses a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model and Granger Causality test. Findings – Initial estimates show the inflation rate to be a stationary process. The maximum likelihood estimates from the GARCH model reveal strong support for the presence of a positive relationship between the level of inflation and its uncertainty. The Granger causality results indicate a feedback between inflation and uncertainty. Research limitations/implications – The research results have important implication for policy makers and especially the Reserve Bank of India. Practical implications – It provides strong support to the notion of an opportunistic central bank in India. Originality/value – The results of the paper are of relevance not only to the monetary policy makers but also to academicians in India and other developing countries.

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