scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF 3D MODELLING IN FORENSIC MEDICINE: BIM-TECHNOLOGY AND 4D MODELLING

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
S. V. Leonov ◽  
Yu. P. Shakiryanova ◽  
P. V. Pinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Cad Modelling ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Development Prospects

The present article provides an overview of the main methods of three-dimensional modelling currently used in various fields of science and practice, including forensic medicine. The possibilities of used methods are described.The authors introduce the concept of BIM-technology, which allows various methods working in 3D to be applied comprehensively: from photogrammetry and computed tomography to line-of-sight and CAD modelling. The article presents a case involving practical application of BIM-technology within the practical work of a forensic expert. The possibilities of supplementing and expanding the model over time within a single information field (4D modelling) are shown.Using the example of a specific examination, it is shown for which studies the created BIM-model can be employed, as well as what issues can be solved with its help. To that end, CT data was studied with the subsequent reconstruction of the 3D model of the damaged skull; blood traces were analysed with the subsequent 3D modelling of circumstances at the scene. The following methods were used for the reconstruction: photogrammetry, the finite element method and line-of-sight modelling of gunshot trajectories.Applied within a situational forensic medical examination, BIM-technologies successfully provided answers to the investigator’s questions: mechanism underlying the formation of blood traces; location of the bleeding source; trajectories of projectiles and their elements; circumstances of the occurrence; position of the shooter; prediction of glass breakage caused by a bullet.Conclusion. New computer technologies (BIM-technology and 4D modelling) constitute the next step in the development of three-dimensional modelling. Their introduction into the practice of experts will help create a single information field for all objects under study, as well as consider all possible investigative leads as objectively as possible

Simulation of Cavitation Erosion in Different Throttling Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Yong Su ◽  
Zhi Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Pressure Fields ◽  
Cavitation Erosion Resistance ◽  
Better Than

There often exists cavitation erosion, large energy loss and big noise in throttling pipelines. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) model of the secondary throttling pipeline was constructed according to the actual structure and parameters. Adopting the finite element method (FEM) for flow field calculation, the secondary and ordinary throttling pipelines have been calculated respectively under different working conditions, and the distribution maps of velocity and pressure fields in the pipelines have been constructed. The analyzed results demonstrate the applicability of the calculating model. It has also been shown that the cavitation erosion resistance of the secondary throttling pipeline is better than that of the ordinary throttling pipeline. Cavitations first appear at the entrance of throttling pipelines, and as the pressure difference between the two ends increases, the cavitations appears inwards. This result is significant for choosing and designing the throttling pipelines.

Affordable Photogrammetry as Applied in the 3D Modelling and Monitoring of Underground Mining Exploitation and Transport

2014 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Ivica Ristović ◽  
Milivoj Vulić
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Photographic Camera ◽  
Mining Geology ◽  
The Future ◽  
The University

The application of photogrammetry, with a particular emphasis on 3D modelling and monitoring, is of interest in the field of underground mining transportation. In the article, a practical assignment concerning the creation of a 3D model with the aid of an ordinary photographic camera and a personal computer, practically conducted by a student with the aid or supervision of a lecturer at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, as a part of the academic process that is, in the effort to instil practical knowledge into students, part of pursuing a mining degree, is described in detail, delineating all the procedures involved, any appearing problems, the means to deal with any appearing problems and the means to employ the obtained 3D model in the future. The aim of creating the 3D model was to demonstrate the convenience of applying photogrammetry in the fields of mining, geology and geotechnology, as well as to introduce a tool that is, in terms of its efficiency, relatively poorly represented in Slovenia and, taking into account its affordability along with its efficiency, to consider its practical application in the mining, geological and geotechnological professions.

Comparison of Conventional and Pontic Fixed Partial Dentures Over Implants Using the Finite Element Method: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Cortical and Medullary Bone Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bighetti Toniollo ◽  
Mikaelly dos Santos Sá ◽  
Fernanda Pereira Silva ◽  
Giselle Rodrigues Reis ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Rehabilitation with implant prostheses in posterior areas requires the maximum number of possible implants due to the greater masticatory load of the region. However, the necessary minimum requirements are not always present in full. This project analyzed the minimum principal stresses (TMiP, representative of the compressive stress) to the friable structures, specifically the vestibular face of the cortical bone and the vestibular and internal/lingual face of the medullary bone. The experimental groups were as follows: the regular splinted group (GR), with a conventional infrastructure on 3 regular-length Morse taper implants (4 × 11 mm); and the regular pontic group (GP), with a pontic infrastructure on 2 regular-length Morse taper implants (4 × 11 mm). The results showed that the TMiP of the cortical and medullary bones were greater for the GP in regions surrounding the implants (especially in the cervical and apical areas of the same region) but they did not reach bone damage levels, at least under the loads applied in this study. It was concluded that greater stress observed in the GP demonstrates greater fragility with this modality of rehabilitation; this should draw the professional's attention to possible biomechanical implications. Whenever possible, professionals should give preference to use of a greater number of implants in the rehabilitation system, with a focus on preserving the supporting tissue with the generation of less intense stresses.

Towards Predicting Relative Belt Edge Endurance With the Finite Element Method

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Eskinazi ◽  
K. Ishihara ◽  
H. Volk ◽  
T. C. Warholic
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Shear Deformations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Element Method

Abstract The paper describes the intention of the authors to determine whether it is possible to predict relative belt edge endurance for radial passenger car tires using the finite element method. Three groups of tires with different belt edge configurations were tested on a fleet test in an attempt to validate predictions from the finite element results. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element analysis was first used to determine if the results from such an analysis, with emphasis on the shear deformations between the belts, could be used to predict a relative ranking for belt edge endurance. It is shown that such an analysis can lead to erroneous conclusions. A three-dimensional analysis in which tires are modeled under free rotation and static vertical loading was performed next. This approach resulted in an improvement in the quality of the correlations. The differences in the predicted values of various stress analysis parameters for the three belt edge configurations are studied and their implication on predicting belt edge endurance is discussed.

CASSION 012M - 133 -006 PANEL SERVICE PLATFORM CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY DESIGN AND ENGINEERING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Валентиновна Кузнецова ◽  
Варвара Геннадьевна Кузнецова
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Network Graph ◽  
Technology Design ◽  
Service Platform ◽  
Ship Structure ◽  
Welding Technology ◽  
Work Duration

В статье рассматривается процесс проектирования, 3D-моделирования, технологии сборки и сварки плоской судовой конструкции. Была создана 3D-модель секции, которая стала основой для ассоциативного чертежа. На основе действующих нормативных актов разработана технология сборки и сварки, рассчитана продолжительность и трудоемкость, построен сетевой график, описывающий процессы производства. The article presents the process of engineering, 3D-modelling, assembling and welding technology of a flat ship structure. A 3D-model of a section was created, which the associative drawing was based on. After the assembling and welding technology was designed according to the regulations and standards, the work duration and activity content was calculated. The network graph was plotted to illustrate the course of production.

A Real-Time Mathematical Model for Three-Dimensional Tidal Flow and Water Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Fantang ◽  
Xu Zhencheng ◽  
Chen Xiancheng
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Pearl River

A real-time mathematical model for three-dimensional tidal flow and water quality is presented in this paper. A control-volume-based difference method and a “power interpolation distribution” advocated by Patankar (1984) have been employed, and a concept of “separating the top-layer water” has been developed to solve the movable boundary problem. The model is unconditionally stable and convergent. Practical application of the model is illustrated by an example for the Pearl River Estuary.

CALCULATION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE DISTANCE TO THE LOCATED OBJECT FROM THE CORNER POSITION OF THE VEHICLE LINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V. V. Artyushenko ◽  
A. V. Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Radar Station ◽  
Flight Mode ◽  
Vector Algebra ◽  
Analytical Expressions

To simulate echoes from the earth’s surface in the low flight mode, it is necessary to reproduce reliably the delayed reflected sounding signal of the radar in real time. For this, it is necessary to be able to calculate accurately and quickly the dependence of the distance to the object being measured from the angular position of the line of sight of the radar station. Obviously, the simplest expressions for calculating the range can be obtained for a segment or a plane. In the text of the article, analytical expressions for the calculation of range for two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases are obtained. Methods of statistical physics, vector algebra, and the theory of the radar of extended objects were used. Since the calculation of the dependence of the range of the object to the target from the angular position of the line of sight is carried out on the analytical expressions found in the paper, the result obtained is accurate, and due to the relative simplicity of the expressions obtained, the calculation does not require much time.

scholarly journals The five axes of the Turtle: symmetry and asymmetry in NGC 6210

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Henney ◽  
J A López ◽  
Ma T García-Díaz ◽  
M G Richer
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Velocity Mapping ◽  
High Ionization ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
Five Axes ◽  
Triple Star

Abstract We carry out a comprehensive kinematic and morphological study of the asymmetrical planetary nebula: NGC 6210, known as the Turtle. The nebula’s spectacularly chaotic appearance has led to proposals that it was shaped by mass transfer in a triple star system. We study the three-dimensional structure and kinematics of its shells, lobes, knots, and haloes by combining radial velocity mapping from multiple long-slit spectra with proper motion measurements from multi-epoch imaging. We find that the nebula has five distinct ejection axes. The first is the axis of the bipolar, wind-blown inner shell, while the second is the axis of the lop-sided, elliptical, fainter, but more massive intermediate shell. A further two axes are bipolar flows that form the point symmetric, high-ionization outer lobes, all with inclinations close to the plane of the sky. The final axis, which is inclined close to the line of sight, traces collimated outflows of low-ionization knots. We detect major changes in outflow directions during the planetary nebula phase, starting at or before the initial ionization of the nebula 3500 years ago. Most notably, the majority of redshifted low-ionization knots have kinematic ages greater than 2000 years, whereas the majority of blueshifted knots have ages younger than 2000 years. Such a sudden and permanent 180-degree flip in the ejection axis at a relatively late stage in the nebular evolution is a challenge to models of planetary nebula formation and shaping.

scholarly journals Direct 3D model extraction method for color volume images

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
Guanning Shang ◽  
Yanjie Chen ◽  
Qifeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laplacian Matrix ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Model Segmentation ◽  
Treatment Objective ◽  
Organ Models ◽  
Different Parts

BACKGROUND: There is a great demand for the extraction of organ models from three-dimensional (3D) medical images in clinical medicine diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to aid doctors in seeing the real shape of human organs more clearly and vividly. METHODS: The method uses the minimum eigenvectors of Laplacian matrix to automatically calculate a group of basic matting components that can properly define the volume image. These matting components can then be used to build foreground images with the help of a few user marks. RESULTS: We propose a direct 3D model segmentation method for volume images. This is a process of extracting foreground objects from volume images and estimating the opacity of the voxels covered by the objects. CONCLUSIONS: The results of segmentation experiments on different parts of human body prove the applicability of this method.

scholarly journals A Novel LOS Decision Technique Reflecting 3D DTED for Modeling an Electronic Warfare Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Jaejoong Lee ◽  
Chiho Lee ◽  
Hyeon Hwi Lee ◽  
Kyung Tae Park ◽  
Hyun-Kyo Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Terrain Elevation

A new line-of-sight (LOS) decision algorithm applicable to simulation of electronic warfare (EW) is developed. For accurate simulation, the digital terrain elevation data (DTED) of the region to be analyzed must be reflected in the simulation, and millions of datasets are necessary in the EW environment. In order to obtain real-time results in such an environment, a technology that determines line-of-sight (LOS) quickly and accurately is very important. In this paper, a novel algorithm is introduced for determining LOS that can be applied in an EW environment with three-dimensional (3D) DTED. The proposed method shows superior performance as compared with the simplest point-to-point distance calculation method and it is also 50% faster than the conventional interpolation method. The DTED used in this paper is the data applied as level 0 for the Republic of Korea, and the decision of the LOS at approximately 1.8 million locations viewed by a reconnaissance plane flying 10 km above the ground is determined within 0.026 s.

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