scholarly journals Effect of Body Weight on Cytokine Response to Anti-tubercular Therapy in Patients with HIV Infection and Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Ivaturi Venkata Nagesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Anti Tubercular Therapy

EFFECT OF IMMUNOMODULATORY HERBAL MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS ON CD4 + LYMPHOCYTE COUNT AND TOTAL VIRAL LOAD IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (07) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. T. Tharakan ◽  
◽  
G Kuttan ◽  
R. Kuttan ◽  
M. Kesavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Hematological Analysis

This study was carried out to determine the effect of herbal medication on the clinical status of HIV infected persons especially on their CD4+ T lymphocyte count and viral load. The toxicity of the medication was also studied. 25 HIV positive individuals were taken for the study. They were treated with a herbal formulation developed in our centre, for one year. Patients were evaluated for their clinical status every month and CD4+ T lymphocyte and viral load every six months. Other parameters assessed were body weight, hematological analysis and hepatic and renal function tests. Body weight was found to be increased in 20 patients out of 25 who have undergone treatment. CD4+T lymphocyte count was increased in 15 patients and viral load was decreased in 20 patients. In six patients viral load was undetectable range. Administration of these medications significantly reduced, elevated interferon-? and tumor necrosis factor in HIV patients. Medication did not produce any toxicity in HIV patients, as it did not show any significant change in hepatic function, renal function and haematology. Administration of herbal preparation was found to reduce clinical symptoms produced by HIV infection. This herbal formulation was found useful therapeutically for the management of HIV infection and did not produce any toxicity.

Megestrol Acetate Vs Cyproheptadine in the Treatment of Weight Loss Associated with HIV Infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Summerbell ◽  
M Youle ◽  
V McDonald ◽  
J Catalan ◽  
B G Gazzard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Megestrol Acetate ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Appetite Stimulants

Two appetite stimulants, megestrol acetate and cyproheptadine were administered in a randomized trial to 14 patients who had no evidence of opportunistic infection or malabsorption but were wasted (had lost more than 5 kg body weight) as a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Energy intakes were calculated from a 7 day weighed dietary record. Mean energy intakes per kilogramme body weight were similar in both treatment groups (greater than 34 kcal/kg) and were higher than that in well British males. Energy intakes increased by just over 500 kcal during both treatments, but fell to pretreatment levels after therapy. Patients in both treatment groups gained a moderate amount of weight. Megestrol acetate was associated with impotence in 4 patients. Insufficient calorie intake alone is not a common cause of wasting associated with HIV and the role of appetite stimulants is likely to be limited.

scholarly journals The Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum Biocenol CCM 7514 Moderates Campylobacter jejuni-Induced Body Weight Impairment by Improving Gut Morphometry and Regulating Cecal Cytokine Abundance in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Miroslava Anna Šefcová ◽  
Marco Larrea-Álvarez ◽  
César Marcelo Larrea-Álvarez ◽  
Viera Karaffová ◽  
David Ortega-Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacillus ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry ◽  
The Impact

This research was conducted to investigate if the administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum could influence body weight, intestinal morphometry and the cecal cytokine response in Campylobacter jejuni-infected chickens. Seventy-two 1-day old COBB 500 male chicks were allocated randomly into four experimental groups. (I) Control group (C), in which chicks were left untreated. (II) LB group, treated with L. fermentum. (III) Cj group, infected with C. jejuni and (IV) coexposure group in which both bacteria were administered. Body weight was registered and then all birds were slaughtered; samples from the small intestine and caecum were collected at 4- and 7-days post infection. The experiment lasted eleven days. Villi height and crypt depth ratios of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were evaluated using appropriate software, while reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilized for assessing transcript levels of key cecal inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-17, IL-15, IL13 and IL-4). Campylobacter-infected birds showed lower body weight values than those supplemented with the probiotic; these birds, in turn, proved to be heavier than those reared under control conditions. L. fermentum administration improved morphometrical parameters of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum; in general, villi were larger and crypts deeper than those identified in control conditions. Moreover, the negative effects elicited by C. jejuni were not observed in chickens exposed to the probiotic. Significant differences were also determined with regards to transcript abundance of all evaluated cytokines in the caecum. C. jejuni induced a downregulation of the studied interleukins; however, such a response was heightened by administration of L. fermentum, with an increase rate of transcription that promoted a more effective response to a C. jejuni infection. The effects of experimental treatments proved to vary between sampling points. Conclusively, these results demonstrate that L. fermentum lessens the negative effects elicited by C. jejuni on body weight by alleviating the impact on intestinal morphometry and cecal cytokine response, which ultimately improve chicken growth performance.

Could excess body weight be good for cognitive health in chronic HIV infection?

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucette A. Cysique ◽  
Lambros Messinis ◽  
Steven M. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Good For ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Changes in lean body mass and total body weight are weakly associated with physical functioning in patients with HIV infection

HIV Medicine ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
IB Wilson ◽  
DL Jacobson ◽  
R Roubenoff ◽  
D Spiegelman ◽  
TA Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals SIV infection aggravates malaria in a Chinese rhesus monkey coinfection model

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjie Liu ◽  
Youjia Li ◽  
Li Qin ◽  
Yongxiang Yan ◽  
Yijian Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Siv Infection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The co-occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and malaria in humans in endemic areas raises the question of whether one of these infections affects the course of the other. Although epidemiological studies have shown the impact of HIV infection on malaria, the mechanism(s) are not yet fully understood. Using a Chinese rhesus macaque coinfection model with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and Plasmodium cynomolgi (Pc) malaria, we investigated the effect of concurrent SIV infection on the course of malaria and the underlying immunological mechanism(s). Methods We randomly assigned ten Chinese rhesus monkeys to two groups based on body weight and age. The SIV-Pc coinfection animals (S + P group) were infected intravenously with SIVmac251 eight weeks prior to malaria infection, and the control animals (P group) were infected intravenously with only Pc-infected red blood cells. After malaria was cured with chloroquine phosphate, we also initiated a secondary malaria infection that lasted 4 weeks. We monitored body weight, body temperature and parasitemia, measured SIV viral loads, hemoglobin and neopterin, and tracked the CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+ memory subpopulations, Ki67 and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Then, we compared these parameters between the two groups. Results The animals infected with SIV prior to Pc infection exhibited more severe malaria symptoms characterized by longer episodes, higher parasitemia, more severe anemia, greater body weight loss and higher body temperature than the animals infected with Pc alone. Concurrent SIV infection also impaired immune protection against the secondary Pc challenge infection. The coinfected animals showed a reduced B cell response to Pc malaria and produced lower levels of Pc-specific antibodies. In addition, compared to the animals subjected to Pc infection alone, the animals coinfected with SIV and Pc had suppressed total CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD28highCD95high central memory T cells, and CD4+CD28lowCD95− naïve T cells, which may result from the imbalanced immune activation and faster CD4+ T cell turnover in coinfected animals. Conclusions SIV infection aggravates malaria physiologically and immunologically in Chinese rhesus monkeys. This nonhuman primate SIV and Pc malaria coinfection model might be a useful tool for investigating human HIV and malaria coinfection and developing effective therapeutics.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV with oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine in men who have sex with men: Slovenian national demonstration project

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110198
Author(s):  
Blaž Pečavar ◽  
Barbara Kokošar Ulčar ◽  
Manja Kordiš ◽  
Maja Pleško ◽  
Gabriele Turel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Prevalence of HIV in Slovenia is low, and men who have sex with men (MSM) have the highest risk for infection. Rates of enrolment into HIV care, initiation of antiretroviral therapy and reaching an undetectable viral load in HIV-infected patients are very high. Prevention of HIV infection for MSM with PrEP is not formally available in Slovenia. The aim of this study was to demonstrate possible implementation of PrEP in Slovenia. Sixty-nine ( n = 69) MSM with increased risk for HIV received PrEP with oral tenofovir disproxil fumarate /emtricitabine and acquisition were followed for a mean of 566.6 days. They had 71 episodes of STIs (incidence 61.7 per 100 person-years). No one got acquired HIV infection. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) was significantly lower 4 ( p = 0.014) and 19 ( p = 0.021) months after inclusion; however, there was no clinically significant renal failure (mean EGFR 110–115 mL/min). Self-reported body weight significantly increased after 7 months ( p < 0.05). Overall EGFR and self-reported body weight did not change significantly. No significant change in adherence (overall mean 81.0%; 95% CI 77.5%–84.6%; p = 0.728), condom use ( p = 0.077) and number of sexual partners (overall mean 2.36 per 30 days; 95% CI 2.06 to 2.65; p = 0.235) was found throughout the study. Participants reported 110 graded adverse effects (AE), 104 (94.5%) grade 1–2 and 6 (5.5%) grade 3–4. No participant discontinued PrEP due to AE. The study showed successful implementation of PrEP among MSM at high risk for HIV infection in Slovenia. Based on the results of our study, PrEP should be formally available in Slovenia.

scholarly journals Low Body Weight Mediates the Relationship between HIV Infection and Low Bone Mineral Density: A Meta-Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 4522-4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bolland ◽  
Andrew B. Grey ◽  
Greg D. Gamble ◽  
Ian R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Low Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Context: HIV infection has been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in many cross-sectional studies, although longitudinal studies have not demonstrated accelerated bone loss. The cross-sectional studies may have been confounded by the failure to control for low body weight in HIV-infected patients. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether low body weight might explain the association of HIV infection with low BMD. Data Sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for English language studies published from 1966 to March 2007, and conference abstracts prior to 2007 were hand-searched. Study Selection: All studies reporting BMD and weight or body mass index in adult patients with HIV and a healthy age- and sex-comparable control group were included. Nine of 40 identified studies and one of 68 identified abstracts were eligible. Data Synthesis: We adjusted for the between-groups weight differences using regression coefficients from published cohorts of healthy men and women. On average, HIV-infected patients were 5.1 kg [95% confidence interval (CI), −6.8, −3.4; P &lt; 0.001] lighter than controls. At all skeletal sites, unadjusted BMD was lower by 4.4–7.0% in the HIV-infected groups than the controls (P &lt; 0.01). After adjustment for body weight, residual between-groups differences in BMD were small (2.2–4.7%) [lumbar spine, −0.02 (95% CI, −0.05, 0.01) g/cm2; P = 0.12; total hip, −0.02 (95% CI, −0.04, 0.00) g/cm2; P = 0.031; femoral neck, −0.04 (95% CI, −0.07, −0.01) g/cm2; P = 0.013; and total body, −0.03 (95% CI, −0.07, 0.01) g/cm2, P = 0.11]. Conclusion: HIV-infected patients are lighter than controls and low body weight may largely account for the high prevalence of low BMD reported in HIV-infected patients. However, in the setting of current treatment practice, HIV infection per se is not a risk factor for low BMD.

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