scholarly journals Electrocutions of Bids on Power Lines in the Khakassia Republic, Russia, in 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-63
Author(s):  
Elena P. Shnayder ◽  
◽  
Elvira G. Nikolenko ◽  
Igor V. Karyakin ◽  
◽  
...  

The article represents results of inspection of power lines for bird casualty in the Minusinsk Hollow, Khakassia, Russia in 2020. Previous inspection was done in the region in 2011 thus our work reveals changes in bird casualty over the last 10 years. The bird mortality on power lines of medium voltage remains remarkably high – mean value for the breeding season is 8.21 ind. per 1 km of line. The most dangerous lines are the ones on concrete poles with pin insulators located in open habitats away from human settlements. Lines of this type attract vast abundance of birds with high species diversity including high percentage of birds of prey and owls. Short lines protruding in the open terrain and parts of lines running through hilly landscapes are of extreme danger. Electrocuted birds are mostly represented by Corvids (66%). Raptors made 28% from the total, represented mostly by the common species such as Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) – 17.7% and Black Kite (Milvus migrans) – 6.5%, that is character for the forest-steppe zone of Russia. Total damage done to nature by 111.5 km of surveyed power lines was accounted for 18 100 000 Rub (about €204 000 or $243 770). The overall damage which could be caused by the power network of Khakassia was estimated as 64 171 440 Rub per year (that is equal to €723 310 or $864 246). This involves death of more than 3 252 birds per year in one small republic. The damage caused by one electricity pole calculated by the actual results of inspection was 10 485.6 Rub, that is at least 10 time higher that the cost of a set of bird-protection devices for a pole. At the end of the article, we gave our recommendations for minimizing the damage.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Vlasta Škorpíková ◽  
Václav Hlaváč ◽  
Milan Křápek

Abstract In 2015–2016, 6,429 km medium-voltage power lines with 76,430 pylons were checked for bird mortality in the Czech Republic. 1,326 bird victims of power lines were found, 156 of which died after collisions, and 1,170 birds were electrocuted. They belonged to 60 species from 12 orders, and birds of prey made up almost half of all victims. Steel pylons bearing several cross-arms including upper and crosswise jumpers were identified as most dangerous from the electrocution point of view. On the other hand, pylons in straight lines with Pařát cross-arms (triangular arrangement of conductors without any horizontal bar) were among the least dangerous, and when they had a simple perch fitted below the cross-arm, no mortality was recorded. But these pylons are new in practice and despite becoming widely used recently, they form less than one tenth of all pylons in the Czech Republic. On other pylons various types of mitigation measures have been installed. Commonly used plastic covers and plastic strips have proved to be especially effective, but only in cases when they are undamaged and correctly installed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mark V. Pestov ◽  
◽  
Til Diterich ◽  
Zhaskayrat E. Nurmukhambetov ◽  
Nurlan Kh. Ongarbayev ◽  
...  

This report presents the results of survey of a 46-kilometer section of the overhead line (OHL) powering the cathodic protection of the Bukhara – Ural Gas Pipeline within the Aktobe Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 7 kilometers of this section were previously equipped with bird protection devices (BPDs), which are now totally lost due to destruction of their fastening elements. Inspection of the 46-km section of this OHL has revealed deaths of 2 eagles (Aquilasp.), 1 Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), 1 Black Kite (Milvus migrans), and 3 Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus). The conclusion was made that the BPDs of this OHL needed renewal. It was also concluded that instead of OHLs laid along the pipeline route it was advisable to consider other options, including stations of cathodic protection fed from modular-packaged electrical power plants with self-contained micro-turbine units, such as used at the Beineu – Bozoy – Shymkent Gas Pipeline.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Moiseeva ◽  
Alexander Karmatskikh ◽  
Anastasia Moiseeva

The article considers the issue of productivity and economic efficiency of the use of slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers obtained using the ”Si” technology of winter wheat. The studies were carried out in 2014–2017 in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region on the experimental field of the Agrotechnological Institute of the GAU of the Northern Trans-Urals. increased winter wheat grain yield. Winter wheat productivity according to the studied options on average over the years of research ranged from 3.36–3.41 t/ha, which is higher than the control about the option of 0.27–0.32 t/ha. The economic efficiency of the fertilizers used was determined by the cost of increasing the crop and the cost of obtaining it. Analysis of economic efficiency showed that when sowing the nitrogen fertilizer, urea encapsulated by Si technology (30 kg/ha d.v.) received the highest profitability – 81.68 %. The resulting conditionally net income in this option amounted to 1663.4 rub/ha. In the sixth version of the experiment (encapsulated urea according to the ”Si” technology (60 kg/ha a.v.) + KCl (30 kg/ha a.a.) + P2O5 (40 kg/ha a.a.)) profitability – 76.0 %. Obtained conditionally net income in this embodiment amounted to 1222 rubles/ha. The return on fertilizer use ranged from 4 to 85 %.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Putchkov ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko ◽  
T. Y. Markina

Abstract We analysed the structure of the communities of the ground beetles of the tribe Carabini (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in urban environments on the examples of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Donetsk and Lviv. The ground beetles of this tribe in the five researched megapolises are represented by 24 species of the Calosoma and Carabus genera. The cities each have from 9 (Kharkiv, Donetsk) — 11 (Kyiv) to 14–15 (Dnipro, Lviv) registered species. Only three species (Carabus granulatus, C. cancellatus, C. convexus) turned out to be present in all the studied cities, where they were relatively abundant, and six (Calosoma auropunctatum, C. inquisitor, Carabus coriaceus, C. marginalis, С. nemoralis, C. scabriusculus) were recorded reasonably frequently in most of the cities. In the parks of Kyiv and Lviv (south forest zone), forest (Carabus coriaceus, C. convexus, C. nemoralis) and polytopic species (C. сancellatus) were dominant, while the inhabitants of open biotopes (С. granulatus, C. excellens, C. scabriusculus) were uncommon. In Kharkiv (forest-steppe zone), the common species were both polytopic (Сarabus granulatus, C. cancellatus) and forest (C. marginalis). In Donetsk and Dnipro (steppe zone), some steppe elements (Carabus estreicheri, C. perrini, C. sibiricus) occurred, but the dominant species were habitat generalist (С. granulatus) and certain forest species (C. convexus). At the same time, almost half the recorded species of the tribe were registered as rare or accidental elements in the cities studied, though typical for the natural biocenoses of the geographic region surrounding those cities. A short ecological characteristic of all species of tribe in urbocenoses is given.


Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Buij ◽  
G. Nikolaus ◽  
R. Whytock ◽  
D. J. Ingram ◽  
D. Ogada

AbstractDiurnal raptors have declined significantly in western Africa since the 1960s. To evaluate the impact of traditional medicine and bushmeat trade on raptors, we examined carcasses offered at markets at 67 sites (1–80 stands per site) in 12 countries in western Africa during 1990–2013. Black kite Milvus migrans and hooded vulture Necrosyrtes monachus together accounted for 41% of 2,646 carcasses comprising 52 species. Twenty-seven percent of carcasses were of species categorized as Near Threatened, Vulnerable or Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Common species were traded more frequently than rarer species, as were species with frequent scavenging behaviour (vs non-scavenging), generalist or savannah habitat use (vs forest), and an Afrotropical (vs Palearctic) breeding range. Large Afrotropical vultures were recorded in the highest absolute and relative numbers in Nigeria, whereas in Central Africa, palm-nut vultures Gypohierax angolensis were the most abundant vulture species. Estimates based on data extrapolation indicated that within West Africa 73% of carcasses were traded in Nigeria, 21% in Benin and 5% elsewhere. Offtake per annum in West Africa was estimated to be 975–1,462 hooded vultures, 356–534 palm-nut vultures, 188–282 Rüppell's griffons Gyps rueppellii, 154–231 African white-backed vultures Gyps africanus, 143–214 lappet-faced vultures Torgos tracheliotos, and 40–60 crowned eagles Stephanoaetus coronatus. This represents a sizeable proportion of regional populations, suggesting that trade is likely to be contributing significantly to declines. Stronger commitment is needed, especially by governments in Nigeria and Benin, to halt the trade in threatened raptors and prevent their extirpation.


Author(s):  
Viktor Pryshlyak ◽  
Andriy Mizyuk

This article reflects the results of research on developed innovative technologies and research results of advanced machines for mechanized processes in potato growing in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is worth noting that the technologies used on homesteads and farms are costly in the first place due to the fact that many works are done manually using simple agricultural implements. These works are labor-intensive and have low-productivity and the received products cannot be competitive in European and world markets. To implement modern European technologies, agricultural producers need significant investments and capital inputs in movable and immovable technical means of mechanization. Innovative development of technical means for potato production in Ukraine, including planting, requires the development of scientific foundations for the theory, calculation and design of machines, a prerequisite for which must be well studied and scientifically proved as the suitable one, and where the mechanical and technological properties of objects are the working parts which should interact with bodies and supporting and running elements of machines. In these studies, the methodological approach is based on the fact that not only potato planters but also other agricultural machinery involved in mechanized potato production processes are studied. The use of the system of treatment of potato tubers with pesticides ensures the exclusion of stationary disinfectants from the technological process of preparation of tubers for planting or additional spraying of plantations with pesticides, which saves financial resources for the purchase of mechanization. Therefore, the developed and researched innovative technology of potato production is recommended for implementation, first of all, in individual farms, the area of potato plantations which do not exceed 1 ha, which will help to minimize the cost of manual labor.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(20)) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
V.O. Stadnyk ◽  
◽  
A.I. Samchuk ◽  
I.V. Kuraeva ◽  
K.V. Vovk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.


Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
I. N. Kazarinova ◽  
D. А. Potapov

A new cultivar of smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Leyss) Flagman was developed by methods of mass selection and polycross. Breeding and wild forms of various ecological and geographical origins are used as an initial material. The authors of the cultivar: Kazarinova I.N., Polyudina R.I., Straub A.A., Gomasco S.K. Studies were conducted on the Central experimental base of the Siberian research Institute of fodder crops of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk district, Krasnoobsk). The cultivar is mid-ripening: the period from the beginning of spring aftergrowing to mowing ripeness is 63-75 days and to full maturing of seeds is 95-111 days. The yield of dry matter is 8.3 t/ha, which exceeds the standard by 8%, seed yield - 0.62 t/ha, higher than the standard by 28%. The dry matter yield of the cultivar Flagman for the fourth year of use exceeded the standard by 23% and reached to 11.4 t/ha. The 1000 seeds weight is 3.0-3.4 g. The plant height is 90-140 cm. Tilling capacity is up to 40 stems per tuft. Foliage varies from 32 to 50% depending on the age of the grass and environment conditions. The resistance of the cultivar to brown rust and helminthosporiosis is higher than of the standard. The copyright certificate No. 71916 and patent No. 9653 were received.


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