scholarly journals Effectiveness of Sodium Bentonite Clay for Reducing Seepages from Earthen Rainwater Harvesting Ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bareerah Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Sodium Bentonite

Characterization of acid-activated sodium bentonite clay: A potential catalyst for recycling plastic wastes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awinash Kumar ◽  
Pradip Lingfa ◽  
Nabam Hina Papu ◽  
Moiching Sajit Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Plastic Wastes

ALTERNATIVE SULPHUR FERTILISERS IN NEW ZEALAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Cc Boswell ◽  
B. Swanney
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
S Oxidation

Interest in high analysis sulphur (S) fertilisers is centred on elemental S which is generally mixed with other materials for safety reasons and to improve effectiveness. Central to the effectiveness of S fertilisers is the rate of oxidation to sulphate-S (SO4S)) for plant uptake. Oxidation rates increase as particle fineness increases. The distribution of S particle sizes in mixtures therefore affects the effectiveness of the fertiliser in any environment. Rates of oxidation vary between environments and thus different S particle size distributions suit different environments. Currently the choice of alternative commercial available S fertilisers is restricted to screened 'agricultural's" and mixtures of S" with superphosphate. Of these, molten mixed S superphosphate is the most suitable material for most environments but especially where S oxidation is slow. Commercial production of alternative S" fertiliser mixtures in New Zealand is imminent. Mixtures of S and sodium bentonite offer the possibility of preparing fertilisers to suit different environments. Granulated ground S" mixed with bentonite clay can be expected to release SO4-S more slowly but this has advantages where leaching of sulphate is likely. Production of SO4-S from two improved Canadian S/bentonite materials is expected to be similar to or slower than that from granulated ground S. Two other imported products, S impregnated urea (20% S, 36%N) and 'Thiovit' (85%S) contain finely divided and ultra finely divided S" respectively. They are raptdly and very rapidly oxidised to sulphate and may have specialised uses in cropping and horticultural enterprises. Keywords: Sulphur fertilisers, elemental sulphur, sulphur/sodium bentonite, plant sulphate, oxidation rates

Static filtration of purified sodium bentonite clay suspensions. Effect of clay content

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 103-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Benna ◽  
N Kbir-Ariguib ◽  
C Clinard ◽  
F Bergaya
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Clay Suspensions

Adsorption of Cholera and Heat-Labile Escherichia coli Enterotoxins by Various Adsorbents: an In Vitro Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RAMU ◽  
K. CLARK ◽  
G. N. WOODE ◽  
A. B. SARR ◽  
T. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tumor Cell Line ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Inorganic Adsorbents

A variety of common inorganic adsorbents representing aluminas, zeolites, phyllosilicate clays, silica, and carbon were compared for their abilities to adsorb cholera toxin (CT) and heat-labile (LT)Escherichia coli enterotoxin. An appropriate assay system for the enterotoxins was developed using the Y-1 mouse-adrenal-tumor cell line, End points were determined by counting the number of rounded (cytotonic) cells at the relevant dilution. The adsorption varied between 177.0 × 106 and 109.6 × 102 CYTU (cytotonic titer unit) for CT with charcoal and boehmite respectively, and between 60.7 × 104 and 180.4 × 101 CYTU for LT with charcoal and boehmite respectively. Several of the other materials adsorbed CT and LT well, particularly attapulgite and sodium bentonite. The tightness of CT and LT binding to sodium bentonite and charcoal was determined by washing the adsorbent-enterotoxin pellets. Both toxins were strongly adsorbed, with dissociation of only 46.3 × 10° CYTU (<0.01 %) of the bound CT from sodium bentonite and 18.0× 101 CYTU (0.06%) of the bound LT from charcoal. The clay and charcoal pellets were assayed for their cytotonicity. Most of the activity of the adsorbed enterotoxins was lost: 93.1 and 89.6% for CT with sodium bentonite and charcoal, respectively, and 93.8 and 85.9% for LT with sodium bentonite and charcoal, respectively. The effect of dietary protein (casein) in enterotoxin adsorption by clay was also investigated. One percent casein (when adsorbed to sodium bentonite clay) completely blocked the adsorption of CT. When this protein-clay complex was treated with enzymes present in pancreatin, the digestive effect on the casein was sufficient to permit the adsorption of 137.6 × 101 CYTU of CT, although most of the blocking effect of casein remained. Further in vitro studies are needed to model the stomach, pancreatic, and intestinal digestive systems for determining if dietary proteins can block CT adsorption by clay in vivo. These results extend and support previously published data, obtained experimentally in rabbit and rat intestinal loops and from studies of children suffering spontaneous diarrhea, on the beneficial role of clays and other inorganic adsorbents in controlling enterotoxin activity.

Evaluation of Filtration Properties of Clay Suspensions under Different Thermic Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
R.C.A.M. Nascimento ◽  
A.C.A. Costa ◽  
L.A. Fernandes ◽  
Luciana Viana Amorim
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Clay Suspensions ◽  
Hydration Capacity

In clay suspensions designed for drilling, the sodic bentonite clay is commonly chosen for its better hydration capacity compared to the other kinds. The sodium bentonite clay is essentially composed by montmorilonite, a clay mineral that belongs to the group of smectites. This work aims to evaluate the behavior of clay suspensions under different thermic conditions. For that, were studied suspensions prepared with sodium bentonite clay, in concentrations varying between 2.5% and 6.4%, under different temperatures and also types of aging. The suspensions were tested based on a matrix of experimental planning. The filtration properties were determined by the filtrate volume, the relation of filtrate volume with time of filtration, the mudcake thickness and the permeability of the mudcake. The results exhibited that the high temperature promotes a gelification state of the suspensions, being therefore responsible for the high values of the filtration properties.

Incorporating Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and sodium bentonite nano-clay open a new perspective to use zein films as bioactive packaging materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 582-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Kashiri ◽  
Yahya Maghsoudlo ◽  
Morteza khomeiri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Zataria Multiflora

Active zein films with different levels of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil were produced successfully. To enhance properties of this biopolymer for food packaging applications, sodium bentonite clay was used at two levels (2 and 4%). The results indicated that the addition of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil caused a reduction in tensile strength and Young’s modulus and slight increase in the percent of elongation at break of the films. Maximum solubility in water and water vapor permeability was observed by incorporation of 10% Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil in the zein matrix. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs of zein film were verified by the exfoliation of the layers of sodium bentonite clay in the zein matrix. Stronger films with lower water vapor permeability and water solubility were evident of good distribution of sodium bentonite clay in the zein matrix. According to the results, 2% sodium bentonite clay was selected for evaluation of nano active film properties. Water vapor permeability, UV light barrier, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values of active films were improved by incorporation of 2% sodium bentonite clay. The antibacterial activity of different contents of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil in vapor phase demonstrated that use of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil in the liquid phase was more effective than in vapor phase. The antibacterial zein-based films showed that active zein film with 5 and 10% Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil had reductions of 1.68 log and 2.99 log, respectively, against Listeria monocytogenes and 1.39 and 3.07 log against Escherichia coli. Nano active zein film containing 10% Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil and 2% sodium bentonite clay showed better antibacterial properties against L. monocytogenes (3.23 log) and E. coli (3.17 log).

Withdrawal Notice: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic, X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffraction Characterization of Sodium Bentonite Clay and Kaolin clay, and their Potentials as Catalysts for Plastic Waste Valorization

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awinash Kumar ◽  
Pradip Lingfa
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Waste Valorization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
X Ray

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Current Organocatalysis: Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may cause. BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.

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