scholarly journals The Impact of IPA Glyphosate Herbicide Application on No Tillage System to Soil and Rice Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dharma Kesuma ◽  
◽  
Hariyadi Hariyadi ◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals No-tillage implementation: Analyzis on water-based sediment flow in the Marombas River, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Eder A. S. Sá ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Silvio L. Rafaeli Neto ◽  
Daiane T. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sediment Flow ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Water erosion is influenced by climate, soil, soil cover and soil conservation practices. These factors can be modified by natural (especially climate) and/or anthropogenic (especially soil, soil cover and conservation practices) actions. The relief factor also influences the water erosion and can also be partially modified by anthropic action. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic action due to the introduction of soil crop in no-tillage system on water erosion, and on the consequent flow of sediments in the water. The study was carried out in the Marombas river basin with an area of 3,939 km², using the Soil Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. The calibration and validation of the model for sediment production was carried out with a historical series of synthetic data. The data from this series were estimated by linear regression from sediment value load and the average daily flow obtained punctually in the basin’s outlet. The SWAT model was calibrated on a daily scale with data from 1979 to 1989 and was validated with data from 1994 and 1997. The SWAT model was suitable to represent the average daily flow and sediment flow in the Marombas watershed. The hypothesis of reduced sediment production with increasing soil crop in no-tillage system was accepted.

scholarly journals FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DA COMUNIDADE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DA SOJA TRANSGÊNICA SOB DOIS SISTEMAS DE PREPARO DO SOLO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Maria Teixeira FIALHO ◽  
José Barbosa dos SANTOS ◽  
Marco Antônio Moreira de FREITAS ◽  
André Cabral FRANÇA ◽  
Antonio Alberto da SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl

Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas antes e após aplicação de herbicidas pós-emergentes na cultura da soja transgênica. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com os herbicidas: lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl (150 + 50 g ha-1), imazethapyr + fomesafen (100 + 250 g ha-1) e glyphosate (1000g ha-1) nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. As amostragens de plantas daninhas ocorreram em quatro épocas: antes da aplicação dos herbicidas (estádio V2); aos sete dias após aplicação dos herbicidas (estádio V4); no início do florescimento da cultura (R1) e em pré-colheita da soja (estádio R8), utilizando quadrado inventário (0,25 m²) jogado ao acaso nas parcelas por duas vezes. As espécies vegetais amostradas foram identificadas, contadas e pesadas para obtenção dos parâmetros fitossociológicos. As plantas daninhas de maior densidade, abundância e índice de valor de importância no local foram: Brachiaria plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea sp., Cyperus rotundus e Digitaria horizontalis. No sistema de plantio convencional B. plantaginea e C. rotundus apresentaram os maiores índices de valor de importância, e no sistema de plantio direto B. plantaginea e D. horizontalis. Ao final do ciclo da cultura, no sistema de plantio convencional, o controle feito com somente glyphosate permitiu reinfestação por C. rotundus. No sistema de plantio direto, nessa mesma época, observouse predomínio de B. plantaginea seguida por D. horizontalis, sendo que a última não esteve presente nas parcelas tratadas com imazethapyr + fomesafen.  Abstract This objective of this work was to carry out a phytosociological assessment of the weed communiy before and after post-emergents herbicides application on transgenic soy crop. The treatments were arranged in random blocks by using:lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl (150 + 50 g ha-1), imazethapyr + fomesafen (100 + 250 g ha-1) and glyphosate(1000 g ha-1) underno-tillage and conventional systems. The weed community sampling occurred in four seasons: before herbicide application (V2 stage); seven days after herbicide application (V4 stage); at the beginning of flowerage (R1) and at soy pre-harvest (R8 stage), using the inventory square method applied through a square of 0.25 m², randomly placed twice. The species found were identified, counted and weighed to obtain phytosociological parameters. The families that showed higher density, abundance and importance value index in the area were: Brachiaria plantaginea, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea sp., Cyperus rotundus and Digitaria horizontalis, meanwhile B. plantaginea and C. rotundus showed higher importance value index under conventional system and B. plantaginea and D. horizontalis showed importance value index under no-tillage systems. Comparing the systems, at the end of the crop cycle, the management using only glyphosate under conventional system allowed a significative C. rotundus infestation. Under no-tillage system, at the same season, B. plantaginea predominated followed by D. horizontalis wasn’t present in parcels treated with imazethapyr + fomesafen.

scholarly journals Nutrient Cycling by Cover Species and Yield of Soybean Grains in a Clayey Oxisol Under No-Tillage System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Zenaide Zin ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Bruna de Villa ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
System Control ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of changes in soil management and crop rotation on a clayey Oxisol under no-tillage system in nutrient cycling and soybean yield. The experiment was conducted in the 2014/2015 harvest, at the Agronomic Institute of Parana (IAPAR), at the Experimental Station of Santa Tereza do Oeste, in a clayey Oxisol, in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The management systems evaluated were: no-tillage system (control), no-tillage system with scarification (NTSS) and no-tillage system with gypsum application (NTSG), and six treatments involving crop rotation with species reclaimers of structure: pearl millet, dwarf pigeon pea, sunn hemp, pigeon pea, rattlebox and velvet bean. The attributes/chemical characteristics of the soil were evaluated: phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), organic carbon (C), soil acidity (pH), aluminum (Al3+), potential acidity (H++Al3+), base sum (BS), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V), aluminum saturation (Al*) in the layers 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m, after the application of treatments and cultivation of soil cover species. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means of the treatments compared by the Tukey test at 5 % of significance. The pigeon pea provided higher phosphorus cycling (63.67 mg dm-3), velvet bean, larger magnesium cycling (4.25 cmolc dm-3) and higher values of organic carbon (27.67 g dm-3) in the layer of 0.05-0.10 m. The yield of grains, number of plants per meter and mass of 100 soybean grains did not present significant differences among the evaluated treatments.

In-Crop and Autumn-Applied Glyphosate Reduced Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Density in No-Till Glyphosate-Resistant Corn and Soybean

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Charles T. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tillage System

A 3-yr field study was conducted from 2005 to 2007 at Stoneville, MS, to determine efficacy of in-crop and autumn-applied glyphosate on purple nutsedge density and yield of no-till glyphosate-resistant (GR) corn and GR soybean. Separate experiments were conducted in GR corn and GR soybean in areas maintained under a no-tillage system after the autumn of 2004. Each experiment was conducted in a split-plot arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete-block design with and without autumn application of glyphosate at 1.68 kg ae/ha as main plots and in-crop herbicide application (glyphosate- and nonglyphosate-based programs) as subplots with three replications. In GR corn, glyphosate applied in the autumn reduced purple nutsedge density by 40 to 67% compared with no glyphosate during 3 yr. In GR corn, glyphosate applied in-crop reduced purple nutsedge shoot density by 48% in 2005, 92% in 2006, and 100% in 2007 compared with no herbicide. However, GR corn yields were unaffected by either in-crop or autumn-applied glyphosate. In GR soybean, glyphosate applied in the autumn reduced purple nutsedge shoot density by 64 to 83% compared with no glyphosate during 3 yr. Glyphosate applied in-crop in GR soybean reduced purple nutsedge density by 81% in 2005 and by 100% in 2006 and 2007 compared with no herbicide. GR soybean yields were similar in 2005, but yields were 34 and 18% higher in 2006 and 2007, respectively, with autumn-applied glyphosate compared with no glyphosate. GR soybean yields were higher with glyphosate applied in-crop compared with no herbicide in 2 of 3 yr. These results indicate that purple nutsedge density could be reduced with glyphosate applied in-crop in no-till GR corn and GR soybean. In addition, autumn-applied glyphosate was effective in reducing purple nutsedge populations following harvest of crops and could be an effective purple nutsedge management strategy regardless of GR trait.

scholarly journals Effect of No-tillage System and Fertilization on Wheat Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Mircea GRIGORAS ◽  
Agatha POPESCU ◽  
Ioan NEGRUTIU ◽  
Mihai GIDEA ◽  
Ioan HAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Impact

Conservation agriculture is an alternative to conventional agriculture and one of the most efficient systems for sustainable agricultural development, stimulating soil biological activity, increasing organic matter and humus content. In order to evaluate the impact of the conservation agriculture system compared to the conventional agriculture system on wheat yield, a bi-factorial experiment on wheat crop based on split-plot model was organized in the Transylvania Plain, Romania, where there are a few research results in the field and the area has a high potential for the implementation of conservation agriculture system. First factor (‘A’) was agriculture system, having two levels: ‘A1’ tillage (classic) system and ‘A2’ no-tillage system, and the second, ‘B’ factor was fertilization, with three levels: ‘B1’ no fertilization, ‘B2’- N80P40 kg/ha, which is the average level practiced by farmers in the area and ‘B3’- N150P75 kg/ha, which is the recommended level for obtaining a high production performance specific to ‘Ariesan’ wheat cultivar used in this experiment. The results pointed out that, in comparison with conventional agriculture, the application of no-tillage system determined a lower wheat yield by 353 kg per surface unit. Fertilization assured a significant increase by 610 kg wheat grains per ha. In the case of the conservation agriculture system, the highest production gain was 1,260 kg/ha for ‘B3A2’ level compared to ‘B1A2’ level, where the highest fertilization level was applied. The lowest production gain was 410 kg/ha registered by ‘B3A1-B1A1’ which was the highest fertilizer dose in case of conventional agriculture. In conclusion, the application of no-tillage system increased the efficiency of fertilization in terms of wheat yield compared to the classical agriculture. As a result, it is recommended as farmers dealing with wheat cropping in the area and also in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions to implement conservation agriculture.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

scholarly journals Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
A. B. Peery ◽  
M. L. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

scholarly journals Chemical attributes of a Hapludox soil after nine years of pig slurry application

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1766-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Carla Maria Pandolfo ◽  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Evandro Spagnollo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Cu And Zn

The objective of this study was to evaluate the pig slurry application effects on chemical attributes of a Hapludox soil managed under no-tillage system. Treatments consisted of 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha-1 per year of pig slurry application, and a control with replacement of P and K exported through harvested grains. Attributes related to soil chemical reaction, exchange complex, and nutrient contents were determined in soil samples collected in the ninth year of experimentation from 0 - 0.025, 0.025 - 0.05, 0.05 - 0.10, 0.10 - 0.20, 0.20 - 0.40 and 0.40 - 0.60 m soil depths. The continuous application of high doses of pig slurry on the Oxisol surface under no-tillage acidifies the soil and increases Al, P, Cu, and Zn contents down to 0.2-m depth, and K levels down to 0.6-m depth.

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