Salivary flow rate and xerostomia in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is a severe disease that raises blood glucose levels because of hyperglycemia and insulinopenia. Fluctuations in water and electrolyte levels may result in xerostomia and other changes in the salivary composition. Since diabetes has an influence on oral health, it is important for the dentist to be aware of newer advances in the field of diabetes and to recognize specific oral problems related to diabetes. Thus, the dentist becomes an important part of the health care team for the patients with diabetes. Aim: The present study correlated salivary flow rate, salivary pH and total salivary antioxidant levels and dental caries in type I diabetic patients. Method: A total of 200 children that included 100 known diabetic children (study group) and 100 healthy children (controls) of both the sexes and from similar socioeconomic backgrounds formed the part of this study. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT index. The salivary total anti-oxidant level was estimated using phospho molybdic acid using spectrophotometric method. The salivary flow rate was recorded using the Zunt method and the salivary pH using the pH indicating paper. The results were statistically analyzed using t-test. Conclusions: The analyzed parameters showed increase in salivary anti-oxidant levels, reduced salivary flow rate, increase incidence of dental caries, salivary pH was decreased when compared to the control group.

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Assessment and Comparison of Total Salivary Protein and Salivary Flow Rate among Type I, Type II Diabetics and Healthy Controls

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16671 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Protein ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Type I ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Ii Diabetics

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Changes in Salivary Flow Rate and Buffering Capacity in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.5336/dentalsci.2016-50306 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 48-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cüneyt Asım ARAL ◽

Bilge Gülsüm NUR ◽

Mustafa ALTUNSOY ◽

Korcan DEMİR

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Newly Diagnosed

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The Influence of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Dental Caries and Salivary Flow

International Journal of Chronic Diseases ◽

10.1155/2014/790898 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. K. Gupta ◽

Seema Malhotra ◽

Vasuda Sharma ◽

S. S. Hiremath

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Carious Lesion ◽

Insulin Dependent

Objective. To assess whether or not there was any change in the dental caries and rate of salivary flow of patients with Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and the contribution of salivary flow to caries risk in IDDM.Setting. Department of Endocrinology, MS Ramaiah Hospital, Bangalore, India.Design. A comparative cross-sectional descriptive type.Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of two groups: 140 diabetic group (mean age 14.8 yr) and 140 nondiabetic group (mean age 13.7 yr). Dental caries by dmf(t) and dmf(s) indices for primary dentition and DMF(T) and DMF(S) indices was used in permanent dentition to assess the dental caries experience. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were assessed after collection of saliva.Results. In diabetic group 76% had carious lesion and in nondiabetic group 85.3% had carious lesion. Diabetics have lower mean DMFT, DMFS, dmft, and dmfs compared to the nondiabetic group. Diminished unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in diabetic than nondiabetic group.Conclusions. The findings obtained conclude that even though there was reduced salivary flow rate in diabetic group the caries prevalence was low.

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The prevalence of hyposalivation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Endocrinology Department, Internal Medicine Sub Department of RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol25no3.26813 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Marini Sundari ◽

Tenny Setiani Dewi ◽

Nanny Natalia

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Objective Assessment ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Patient ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Whole Saliva

Introduction: The salivary flow rate reduces Hyposalivation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patient with hyposalivation have a high risk of various oral complications if untreated adequately. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of hyposalivation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient at RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational with a cross-sectional approach and consecutive sampling method to 30 samples. The study was performed with objective assessment through measuring the unstimulated salivary flow of the whole saliva using spitting method for 5 minutes. Results: The result of this study shows that the prevalence of hyposalivation on type 2 diabetes mellitus patient is 10%. The mean of salivary flow rate sample with hyposalivation is 0,07 mL/minute. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows a low prevalence of hyposalivation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung in October 2011.

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Polydatin Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Hyposalivation through Anti-Glycation Activity in db/db Mouse

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics14010051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Hyung Rae Kim ◽

Woo Kwon Jung ◽

Su-Bin Park ◽

Hwa Young Ryu ◽

Yong Hwan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Common Disease ◽

Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽

Damage Marker

Polydatin (resveratrol-3-O-β-mono-D-glucoside) is a polyphenol that can be easily accessed from peanuts, grapes, and red wine, and is known to have antiglycation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Diabetes mellitus is a very common disease, and diabetic complications are very common complications. The dry mouth symptom is one of the most common oral complaints in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is thought to promote hyposalivation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the improvement effect of polydatin on diabetes-induced hyposalivation in db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. We examined salivary flow rate, TUNEL assay, PAS staining, and immunohistochemical staining for AGEs, RAGE, HMGB1, 8-OHdG, and AQP5 to evaluate the efficacy of polydatin in the submandibular salivary gland. Diabetic db/db mice had a decreased salivary flow rate and salivary gland weight. The salivary gland of the vehicle-treated db/db mice showed an increased apoptotic cell injury. The AGEs were highly accumulated, and its receptor, RAGE expression was also enhanced. Expressions of HMGB1, an oxidative cell damage marker, and 8-OHdG, an oxidative DNA damage marker, increased greatly. However, polydatin ameliorated this hypofunction of the salivary gland and inhibited diabetes-related salivary cell injury. Furthermore, polydatin improved mucin accumulation, which is used as a damage marker for salivary gland acinar cells, and decreased expression of water channel AQP5 was improved by polydatin. In conclusion, polydatin has a potent protective effect on diabetes-related salivary gland hypofunction through its antioxidant and anti-glycation activities, and its AQP5 upregulation. This result suggests the possibility of the use of polydatin as a therapeutic drug to improve hyposalivation caused by diabetes.

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Xerostomia appearance in type 1 diabetes mellitus children in RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol23no1.14056 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adis Tyaning Puspitasari ◽

Rosiliwati Wihardja ◽

Jakobus Runkat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Oral Dryness

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency. As a result, there will be metabolic disturbances on carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Diabetes mellitus type 1 may occur because of pancreatic B cells damage resulting in decreased secretion of insulin in absolute terms. Xerostomia is the medical term for the subjective complaint of dry mouth due to the lack of saliva and can occur in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the salivary flow rate and oral dryness complaints in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus The method of this study was descriptive by survey technique. The sample was obtained by purposive sampling and consisted of 30 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta in April to May 2010. The study was conducted with an objective examination by measuring the salivary flow rate and subjective examination using a questionnaire. The results showed that the salivary flow rate from an average of 30 respondents was below normal values. The most common complaints about the dryness of the mouth cavity were thirst, 24 patients (80.00%), and oral dryness 19 patients (63.33%). The conclusion from this study showed that children with type 1 diabetes mellitus were having oral dryness complaints and the decrease of salivary flow rate.

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Effect of diabetes mellitus on periodontal health status, salivary flow rate and salivary pH in patients with chronic periodontitis

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v32i2.2888 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 12-16

Author(s):

Lekaa Ibraheem ◽

Ban Ahmmad ◽

Ayat Dhafer ◽

Jannat Dhafer

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis are considered as chronic diseases with a bidirectional relationship between them. This study aimed to determine and compare the severity of periodontal health status and salivary parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Seventy participants were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I: 25 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis, Group 2: 25 patients had chronic periodontitis and with no history of any systemic diseases, Group 3: 20 subjects had healthy periodontium and were systemically healthy. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for measurement of salivary flow rate and pH. All periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were recorded for each patient. Results: The results showed that all clinical periodontal parameters were highest in group 1 in comparison with groups 2 and 3. Comparisons between pairs of groups revealed significant differences between groups 1 and 2 for plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, and highly significant differences for plaque index, gingival index between groups 2 and 3, and between groups 1 and 3. The salivary flow rate and pH were lower in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. Inter-group comparisons of salivary parameters also revealed a significant difference between groups 1 and 2, with a non-significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetic patients have significantly lower salivary flow rate, pH and present with advanced periodontal destruction compared to healthy patients. Key word: Saliva; periodontitis; diabetes mellitus.

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Protein Ingredient in Saliva on Oral Dryness Patients Caused by Calcium Blocker

Geriatrics ◽

10.3390/geriatrics5040070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Fumi Mizuhashi ◽

Takao Morita ◽

Shuji Toya ◽

Ritsuko Sato ◽

Yuko Watarai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Type I ◽

Protein Ingredient ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Calcium Blocker ◽

Oral Dryness

Oral dryness as a side effect of certain drugs is increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the change of the protein ingredient in saliva of oral dryness patients caused by calcium blocker. Six patients taking calcium blocker and six healthy elderly were enrolled. Unstimulated salivary flow rate, protein concentration, and flow rate of protein were measured and compared between the patients taking calcium blocker and healthy elderly. iTRAQ (Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation) proteomic analysis was performed to extract the salivary protein changed in patient taking calcium blocker, and the intensities of Western blotting products were quantified (unpaired t-test). Unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly lower on patients taking calcium blocker (p < 0.01). Protein concentration tended to be higher and the flow rate of protein tended to be lower on patients. As the result of iTRAQ proteomic analysis, calmodulin-like protein 3, glutathione S-transferase P, and keratin type I cytoskeletal 13 increased characteristically in patient taking calcium blocker, and the expression in calmodulin-like protein 3 was significantly larger (p < 0.01). The results of this study indicated that calmodulin-like protein 3 increased in patients taking calcium blocker and could be a salivary biomarker for oral dryness caused by calcium blocker.

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