Dental Caries and Salivary Alterations in Type I Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Rai ◽  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Ananth Kamath ◽  
Suchetha Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is a severe disease that raises blood glucose levels because of hyperglycemia and insulinopenia. Fluctuations in water and electrolyte levels may result in xerostomia and other changes in the salivary composition. Since diabetes has an influence on oral health, it is important for the dentist to be aware of newer advances in the field of diabetes and to recognize specific oral problems related to diabetes. Thus, the dentist becomes an important part of the health care team for the patients with diabetes. Aim: The present study correlated salivary flow rate, salivary pH and total salivary antioxidant levels and dental caries in type I diabetic patients. Method: A total of 200 children that included 100 known diabetic children (study group) and 100 healthy children (controls) of both the sexes and from similar socioeconomic backgrounds formed the part of this study. Dental caries was assessed using DMFT index. The salivary total anti-oxidant level was estimated using phospho molybdic acid using spectrophotometric method. The salivary flow rate was recorded using the Zunt method and the salivary pH using the pH indicating paper. The results were statistically analyzed using t-test. Conclusions: The analyzed parameters showed increase in salivary anti-oxidant levels, reduced salivary flow rate, increase incidence of dental caries, salivary pH was decreased when compared to the control group.

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Status, Salivary Characteristics and Dental Caries Experience in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic (ALL) Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Hegde ◽  
S Joshi ◽  
K Rai ◽  
S Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salivary Ph

Leukemia constitutes approximately 30% of all childhood cancers and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia(ALL) is the most common type of malignancy. Oral dryness, ulceration, increased dental decay seen is due to altered salivary flow rate and buffering capacity in these children. Oxidative stress may play an important role in the malignancies resulting in onset of inflammatory oral pathologies. Saliva constitutes first line of defense against free radical-mediated oxidative stress. The present study attempted to relate the oral health status, salivary flow rate, salivary pH, gingival health status, dental caries experience and total salivary antioxidant levels in ALL children. A total of 120 children aged 4-10 years (90 leukemic children, study group and 30 normal healthy siblings, control group) were divided into 4 groups of 30 each. Oral health status, gingival status and dental caries experience was recorded followed by un-stimulated saliva collection. Total antioxidant capacity of un-stimulated saliva was evaluated. The results depicted deterioration in oral health status, gingival status and increased dental caries experience in leukemic children. Salivary flow rate, salivary pH and total salivary antioxidant levels were lowered in leukemic children when compared with control group.

scholarly journals Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Alkhateeb ◽  
Lloyd A. Mancl ◽  
Richard B. Presland ◽  
Marilynn L. Rothen ◽  
Donald L. Chi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Salivary Ph

Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity are associated with dental caries, but studies from the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature are inconclusive regarding these salivary factors and caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their associations with dental caries in individuals with CF. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 6-20 years at Seattle Children's Hospital CF Clinic, USA (n = 83). Salivary flow rate was measured in milliliters per minute. Salivary pH was assessed using a laboratory pH meter. Buffering capacity was assessed by titration with HCl. The outcome measure was caries prevalence, defined as the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent tooth surfaces. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the t test were used to test for bivariate associations. Multiple variable linear regression models were used to (1) run confounder-adjusted analyses and (2) assess for potential interactions. There was no significant association between salivary flow rate or buffering capacity and caries prevalence. There was a significant negative association between salivary pH and caries prevalence, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. There was no significant interaction between salivary flow rate and buffering capacity or between antibiotic use and the 3 salivary factors. Our results indicate that unstimulated salivary factors are not associated with dental caries prevalence in individuals with CF. Future studies should investigate other potential saliva-related caries risk factors in individuals with CF such as cariogenic bacteria levels, salivary host defense peptide levels, and medication use.

The Dental Caries Experience in Relation to Salivary Flow Rate, SIgA and Mutans Streptococci Bacteria in Smoker and Non-Smoker Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Ansam Z Najm ◽  
Abbas S. Al-Mizraqchi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Siga Level

Background: Dental caries is a localized, progressive destructive, largely irreversible microbial based disease of multifactorial nature; these factors include (host, microbes and food) they influence differently on the initiation and progression of dental caries. The aims of the study: was to evaluate the effect of smoking on salivary flow rate, secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA) level and viable count of mutans streptococci (M.S) bacteria in oral cavity and their relation to dental caries experience. Material and method: The samples were collected from 80 male students ranging in ages from 18-22 years old. Where they divided in to two groups, 40 non-smokers (control group) and 40 smokers (study group). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected. Salivary flow rate was estimated and viable count (CFU/ml) of mutans streptococci was determined. The diagnosis and recording of dental caries were done according to WHO, 1987 criteria and the level of SIgA was determined by ELISA. Result: the result revealed that the salivary flow rate and SIgA level were lower in smoker group than non-smoker, while the means value of dental caries experience Decay, Missing and Filling tooth (DMFT) and (CFU/ml)of M.S were higher in oral cavity of smoker group than non-smoker group. Conclusion: the smoking has negative effect on salivary flow rate, SIgA and increase the viable bacterial count of M.S and dental caries in smoker patients

Children with a Higher Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase VI in Saliva Are More Likely to Develop Dental Caries

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele de Cassia Rodrigues Picco ◽  
Lenita Marangoni Lopes ◽  
Marcelo Rocha Marques ◽  
Sergio Roberto Peres Line ◽  
Thaís Manzano Parisotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Free Group ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
School Children ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Ph

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the concentration and activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) VI in the saliva of school children. We investigated the relationship among caries, CA VI concentration/activity, flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four school children were divided into a caries-free group and a caries group. Clinical examinations were conducted by one examiner according to World Health Organization criteria + early caries lesions. Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity were analyzed. Salivary CA VI concentration and activity were evaluated by ELISA and zymography, respectively. The data were analyzed using Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were also done. In multivariate modeling, associations between variables were expressed as odds ratios. Results: The results showed that salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and BC were significantly higher in the saliva of caries-free children. Also, the salivary CA VI concentration was significantly higher in the saliva of caries-free children. The salivary CA VI activity was higher in children with caries. We found a negative correlation between BC and dental caries. Also, in the caries group we found a positive correlation between the concentration and the activity of CA VI and a negative correlation between BC and CA VI activity. A negative correlation between salivary pH and CA VI concentration was observed in the caries-free group. A high activity of CA and a low salivary flow rate were associated with dental caries. Conclusion: These results support the conclusion that dental caries is highly affected by the activity of CA VI in saliva as well as by the salivary flow rate.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Salivary Flow Rate and Salivary pH on Dental Caries in Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Gülser Kılınç ◽  
Müjdet Çetin ◽  
Hülya Ellidokuz
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Effects of the salivary flow rate, pH, viscosity and buffering capacity on dental caries experience in government school children in Bangalore city

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4865
Author(s):  
Annapoorna H. B. ◽  
Dipayan Datta
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
School Children ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Government School ◽  
Bangalore City

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate effect of the salivary flow rate, pH, viscosity and buffering capacity on caries experience in government school children.Methods: This case-control study was conducted amongst the Government school children of Bangalore city aged 6-14 years. A total of 180 school children were selected out of what 90 were selected for the test group based on the presence of one or more active dental caries and another 90 were selected for the control group who were free of dental caries at the time of examination. Saliva samples were collected from all subjects and were estimated for flow rate, pH, viscosity and buffering capacity.Results: Mean salivary flow rate, pH and buffer capacity have been found to be significantly lower and mean salivary viscosity has been found to be significantly higher among children with dental caries.Conclusions: The physical and biochemical properties of saliva, such as salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and viscosity are significantly related with the caries experience in children.

scholarly journals Salivary characteristics of diabetic children

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Elena López ◽  
María Eugenia Colloca ◽  
Rafael Gustavo Páez ◽  
Judit Nora Schallmach ◽  
Myriam Adriana Koss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Health State ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Diabetic Children

Salivary components may suffer variations that can be detected by chemical determinations. The aim of this work was to determine physical and biochemical characteristics of the saliva of a group of diabetic children compared to those of a control group. Relation to oral health indices was also determined. Twenty diabetic children (3-15-years-old) and 21 control children (5-12-years-old) were included in this study. Total proteins, sugars and calcium were determined by colorimetric methods, and glucose, urea, alpha-amylase and acid phosphatase by enzymatic methods. Our results demonstrated that acidic pH, diminished salivary flow rate and excess foam are usually present in saliva of diabetic children. Total sugars, glucose, urea and total proteins were greater in diabetic patients than controls, while calcium values were decreased. These differences were confirmed by the discrimination test. Diabetic children have higher DMFT-dmft-deft and DMFS-dmfs-defs values compared to those of the control children despite their lower sugar intake. Some salivary components in addition to the diminished flow rate could be involved in the characterization of the oral health state of diabetic children.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Saliva in FK Ukrida Students After Chewing Paraffin, Xylitol and Sucrose Gum

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Wan Aishah Fariha Binti Wan Nazri ◽  
William Daud ◽  
Flora Rumiati
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Sugar Levels

Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2009 shows that national sugar consumption per capita reaches 12kg / year. Snacks consumed mostly were based on sucrose sugar and it turns out that sucrose is increasing the insidens of caries because sugar-based foods and drinks cause acid-resistant bacteria to obtain a suitable environment for growth. To overcome this problem sucrose was replaced with alcohol sugar such as xylitol, especially in chewing gum. However, it is still unknown the effect of xylitol on saliva. The purpose of this study was to see whether there were differences in salivary characteristics after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum by looking at salivary pH values, reducing sugar levels in saliva and salivary flow rates. Saliva collection is done by spitting method then the total volume is divided by the time of collection to get the flow rate of saliva. Salivary pH is measured using a pH meter while reducing sugar levels are measured using the Benedict's test. The sample for this study consisted of 50 Ukrida FK students. The results of this study indicate that the highest salivary flow rate is after chewing xylitol chewing gum. While the reducing sugar levels in saliva are only found after chewing sucrose chewing gum. For salivary pH values, after chewing sucrose chewing gum the most acidic pH was obtained when compared to after chewing paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From the research that has been done, after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum, the highest salivary flow rate was obtained after consuming xylitol chewing gum, while the lowest was after consuming paraffin. Meanwhile, the highest pH value of saliva was after consuming paraffin and the lowest was after consuming sucrose chewing gum. Meanwhile, reducing sugar levels in saliva was only found after consuming sucrose chewing gum and was not found after consuming paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From this study it can be concluded that there are differences in the characteristics of saliva among FK Ukrida students after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum.

scholarly journals Effect of lemon on saliva and Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Natasya Angelyna Batubara ◽  
Yumi Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Salivary Ph

Introduction: Lemon juice contains citric acid. It is a highly antibacterial organic acid by gargling with, will be able to decrease the spreading of Staphylococcus aureus colony in saliva. The acid stimulation of lemon juice able to increase salivary secretion. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of gargling lemon juice of 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% concentrations towards the salivary flow rate, salivary pH, the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and also, correlation between salivary flow rate and pH, salivary flow rate and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and salivary pH and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony. Methods: This research conducted with a pre-and-post-test group design. Saliva was taken from 24 subjects before and after the subjects gargled with lemon juice. Measurements performed were salivary flow rate per minute, and salivary pH (using pH Hanna Instrument). The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were placed in a Mannitol Salt Agar for 24 hours at 370C temperature, then the number of the colonies were counted (x103 CFU). Results: The Wilcoxon test results showed that lemon juice with 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% concentrations significantly increased the salivary flow rate and decreased the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony (p < 0.05). The result of the paired t-test showed that lemon juice with 25% and 12.5% concentration decreased the salivary pH significantly (p<0,05). The Pearson’s correlation results showed no significant correlation between salivary flow rate and salivary pH, flow rate and the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, and salivary pH and number of Staphylococcus aureus colony. Conclusion: Lemon juice can decrease the salivary pH and the number of Staphylococcus aureus colony, but increases the salivary flow rate. It is considered to be good enough as one of the ingredients of mouthwash.Keywords: Flow rate, lemon, pH, saliva, Staphylococcus aureus

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