scholarly journals COCONUT OIL EXTRACT OF GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM LEAVES AS BOTANICAL ACARICIDES FOR SCABIES IN GOATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628
Author(s):  
Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri ◽  
Yuningsih Yuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Drug Safety ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Oil Extract

Scabies is a contagious parasitic skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. In Indonesia, this disease considerably remains a major problem in animal health, particularly in goats. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectivity of gamal leaves coconut oil extract (GLEC) for scabies treatment in goat. This research was divided into 2 parts: 1. Preparing Gamal Leaves Coconut Oil Extract (GLCE) which included 4 stages of study: collection of gamal leaves; measurement coumarin level in gamal leaves; gamal leaves extraction with coconut oil; and extract stability test and 2. Application of GLCE in goats includes 3 stages of study : artificial S. scabiei infestations in goats; GLCE treatment in goats with 3 concentrations (12.5%, 25%, 50%); and drug safety testing. The results showed that the concentration of coumarin in the gamal leaves which was effectively for scabies drugs was > 1000 ppm. The 12.5%, 25%, 50% of GLCE concentrations are safe as botanical acariside and can reduce 100% of S.scabiei mite populations after 4x, 3x and 2x treatment at 1 week intervals, respectively. The 50% concentration of GLCE is safe, most effective, efficient and stable in storage for scabies drug.

scholarly journals Cat Scabies at The Animal Health Clinic of Salatiga Agriculture Service on August to November 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Meta Iqomah ◽  
Nuraini Suwarno ◽  
Puji Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Skin Scraping ◽  
Notoedres Cati

Scabies is a disease caused mites and zoonotic. Scabies in cats can be caused the mites Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati. This Study aims to investigate the causes of skin disease and treatment of cats that come to the animal health clinic of Salatiga City Agriculture Service with clinical symptoms similar to scabies. Data collection was carried out from August to November 2020. Confirmation of the diagnosis was done by skin scraping the scab of the earlobe and/ or fingers and observed under a microscope with 100x magnification. The sticking of skin scrap uses liquid paraffin. The results of the investigation showed that a number of nine cats were positive for scabies with the cause mite is Sarcoptes scabiei. Treatment is done by administering ivermectin injection at a dose of 400 mcg/kg body weight and diphenhydramine 1 mg/kg body weight. Of the nine cats, there were three cats that received treatment repetitions up to two times. Without repeated skin scraping, the nine cats recovered with relief of clinical symptoms after treatment.

scholarly journals Development of a Safe and Highly Efficient Inactivated Vaccine Candidate against Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Tom Moritz ◽  
Kore Schlottau ◽  
Donata Hoffmann ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
World Organisation ◽  
Free Status

Capripox virus (CaPV)-induced diseases (lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, goatpox) are described as the most serious pox diseases of livestock animals, and therefore are listed as notifiable diseases under guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Until now, only live-attenuated vaccines are commercially available for the control of CaPV. Due to numerous potential problems after vaccination (e.g., loss of the disease-free status of the respective country, the possibility of vaccine virus shedding and transmission as well as the risk of recombination with field strains during natural outbreaks), the use of these vaccines must be considered carefully and is not recommended in CaPV-free countries. Therefore, innocuous and efficacious inactivated vaccines against CaPV would provide a great tool for control of these diseases. Unfortunately, most inactivated Capripox vaccines were reported as insufficient and protection seemed to be only short-lived. Nevertheless, a few studies dealing with inactivated vaccines against CaPV are published, giving evidence for good clinical protection against CaPV-infections. In our studies, a low molecular weight copolymer-adjuvanted vaccine formulation was able to induce sterile immunity in the respective animals after severe challenge infection. Our findings strongly support the possibility of useful inactivated vaccines against CaPV-infections, and indicate a marked impact of the chosen adjuvant for the level of protection.

scholarly journals Edukasi Kesehatan dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Skabies di Pondok Pasantren Madrasah Tsanawiyah Harsallakum Kota Bengkulu

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Inayah Hayati ◽  
Eka Nurdianty Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Yandi Syukri
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Test

Health Education in Efforts to Prevent Scabies at Islamic Boarding School of Harsallakum Madrasah Tsanawiyah Bengkulu Scabies is a skin disease caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei parasite that invades the skin of humans or animals. The high prevalence of scabies is generally found in environments with high population density and high interpersonal contacts such as prisons, Islamic boarding schools, and orphanages. There has been no research on the prevalence of scabies in the Harsallakum Islamic Boarding School, Bengkulu city. However, based on information from the school, there were several students who have been infected by skin disease with clinical symptoms of scabies. This community service program was aimed to provide education to students about preventing scabies infection. The service activities included delivering material about scabies, distributing leaflets, post-test and pre-test. This activity was attended by 65 participants. Evaluation included pre-test and post-test about the education carried out. The instrument to measure the level of students' understanding was the form of a questionnaire. The average value of the pre-test was 55.18 while the average value of the post-test was 80.26. It was concluded that this educational activity could increase the knowledge of the students of the Harsallakum Islamic Boarding School in Bengkulu about scabies disease. To optimize the prevention of scabies transmission, it is recommended to increase health education activities by involving health workers.

scholarly journals Identification of Serum Biomarkers to Distinguish Hazardous and Benign Aminotransferase Elevations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel H Vazquez ◽  
Melissa M Clemens ◽  
Felicia D Allard ◽  
Eric U Yee ◽  
Stefanie Kennon-McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Apap Overdose ◽  
High Dose Dexamethasone ◽  
Duct Ligation

Abstract The standard circulating biomarker of liver injury in both clinical settings and drug safety testing is alanine aminotransferase (ALT). However, ALT elevations sometimes lack specificity for tissue damage. To identify novel serum biomarkers with greater specificity for injury, we combined unique animal models with untargeted proteomics, followed by confirmation with immunoblotting. Using proteomics, we identified 109 proteins in serum from mice with acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury that were not detectable in serum from mice with benign ALT elevations due to high-dose dexamethasone (Dex). We selected four (alcohol dehydrogenase 1A1 [Aldh1a1], aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 [Adh1], argininosuccinate synthetase 1 [Ass1], and adenosyhomocysteinase [Ahcy]) with high levels for further evaluation. Importantly, all four were specific for injury when using immunoblots to compare serum from Dex-treated mice and mice with similar lower ALT elevations due to milder models of APAP or bromobenzene-induced liver injury. Immunoblotting for ALDH1A1, ADH1, and ASS1 in serum from APAP overdose patients without liver injury and APAP overdose patients with mild liver injury revealed that these candidate biomarkers can be detected in humans with moderate liver injury as well. Interestingly, further experiments with serum from rats with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver disease indicated that Aldh1a1 and Adh1 are not detectable in serum in cholestasis and may therefore be specific for hepatocellular injury and possibly even drug-induced liver injury (DILI), in particular. Overall, our results strongly indicate that ALDH1A1, ADH1, and ASS1 are promising specific biomarkers for liver injury. Adoption of these biomarkers could improve pre-approval drug safety assessment.

Comprehensive summary – Predict-IV: A systems toxicology approach to improve pharmaceutical drug safety testing

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan O. Mueller ◽  
Wolfgang Dekant ◽  
Paul Jennings ◽  
Emanuela Testai ◽  
Frederic Bois
Keyword(s):  
Drug Safety ◽  
Systems Toxicology ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drug

scholarly journals Characterization of a Nigerian Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolate after Experimental Infection of Cattle

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Eeva Tuppurainen ◽  
Adeyinka Adedeji ◽  
Clement Meseko ◽  
Olayinka Asala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Large Ruminant

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), together with sheeppox virus and goatpox virus, belong to the genus Capripoxvirus within the family Poxviridae. Collectively, they are considered the most serious poxvirus diseases of agricultural livestock. Due to their severe clinical course and consequent loss of production, as well as high mortality of naïve small and large ruminant populations, they are known to have a significant impact on the economy and global trade restrictions of affected countries. Therefore, all capripox diseases are classified as notifiable under the guidelines of the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE). Since the 1970s, several outbreaks of LSD have been recorded in Nigeria. Until now, only a little information on the virus strains leading to the reported outbreaks have been published, dealing mainly with the phylogenetic relationship of those strains and the description of field outbreaks. During the present study, we experimentally infected cattle with a low-passage Nigerian LSDV strain isolated from a skin sample of LSD positive cattle in Nigeria in 2018. Clinical, molecular and serological data indicate that this LSDV isolate is highly pathogenic in cattle since it induced a severe clinical course and approximately 33% mortality in naïve Holstein Friesian cattle after experimental infection.

scholarly journals Mange skin diseases in dogs and cats in Jataí, Brazil: A retrospective study with notes on zoonotic aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e10610111417
Author(s):  
Thâmara Rossi Martins da Silva ◽  
Micael Siegert Schimmunech ◽  
Priscilla Juliane Kirchhoff Pott ◽  
Ana Vitória Alves-Sobrinho ◽  
Priscila Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Notoedres Cati ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Otodectes Cynotis

The parasitic skin diseases, specifically mange diseases, are highly relevant in the animal health studies, due to a significant number of cases in the veterinary routine, beyond the importance in public health, due to zoonotic potential. Therefore, this study aimed report the occurrence of mange skin diseases with notes in the zoonotic potential from Jataí, Goiás, by an retrospective survey of mange cases diagnosed in dogs and cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí. A total of 612 reports of parasitological tests, comprising cerumen swabs and skin scraping, were analyzed from January 2016 to December 2019. The most common causative mite in dogs was Demodex canis (10.94%), followed by Otodectes cynotis (2.92%), and Sarcoptes scabiei (2.54%). The most common causative mite in cats was Notoedres cati (20%), followed by O. cynotis (10%). These skin diseases are characterized as being highly contagious; therefore, these can be easily transmitted among animals and even humans. In addition, intense itching and skin lesions lead to discomfort, consequently causing stress to the animals. Thus, mite control as well as prompt diagnosis and treatment are relevant to manage these skin diseases and ensure animal welfare.

scholarly journals Assessment on Economic Losses due to Animal Health and Production Constraints in Jimma Town Intensive Dairy Farms, Jimma, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Jimma Town

A single-visit-multiple subject formal survey technique was used to collect data from 75 small-scale dairy farming households which were selected at random and were interviewed using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Seventy-three (97.3%) dairy farming was practiced under an intensive management system. Among the selected dairy farms, only (33.3%) were kept in good hygienic condition. Artificial insemination was common (69.3%) breeding system practiced in most dairy farms of studying area. This study discovered that only a few dairy farms (2.7%) undergo periodic vaccination. It appeared from the study that morbidity loss of animals was primarily caused by mastitis which calculated (42.7%), black leg (32%), lumpy skin disease (21.3%), milk fever (17.3%), heart water (10.7%) and foot rote (5.3%) in order of their decreasing order. The results of this survey revealed that mastitis was ranked as the number one disease of dairy animals while foot rote was list reported disease in the study area. Morbidity loss of production and productivity was estimated to the financial loss of (812,600 birrs) per year. Not only morbidity loss, in some farms, mortality was also common problems of the study area. Mainly common diseases such as heart water (6.7%), milk fever (5.3%), back leg (2.7%), and lumpy skin disease (1.7%) were major causes of mortality in few farms. This in turn estimated the financial loss of (625,000 birrs). Eventually, overall annual financial loss as a result of mortality and morbidity was estimated to be (1,437,600 birrs). The outbreak of lumpy skin disease and blacklegs could be controlled through improving veterinary services with respect to adequate vaccination and heart water (seasonal tick infestation) would be alleviated by spraying. The aim of the study was to assess assessment on economic losses due to animal health and production constraints in Jimma town intensive dairy farms, Jimma, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Cross-border dissemination of lumpy skin disease: risc analysis for Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (88) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Kisera ◽  
Yu. G. Storchak ◽  
L. Ya. Bozhyk
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking

National biosecurity is a system of organizational and technical measures that help protect humans, animals and the environment from potential and actual biological threats. That is why analysis of the main hazardous biological sources for humans and animals has been carried out. The influence of climate change on the animals’ welfare as well as their predisposition to the deferred type tendency is proved. The prevalence of vector diseases of animals, mycoses and mycotoxicoses, which can manifest themselves in the form of such emergencies as outbreaks of exotic diseases, large-scale epizootics, a sharp increase of the incidence of endemic diseases, etc., are of both ecological and biological danger. Contagious vesicular (nodular) dermatitis (Lumpy skin disease, LSD) is caused by the virus belonging to the genus Capripoxvirus, the Poxviridae family and affects mainly cattle and buffaloes. The virus is distributed mainly by means of mechanical carriers (species of Stomoxys spp. and other flies). Global warming on the European continent facilitates the migration of blood-sucking insects that are carriers of vector diseases. As a result, the insects occupy new ecological niches adapting to the new biocenoses. A poorly controlled movement of large numbers of livestock also creates a risk of disease spreading. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has identified LSD as highly dangerous illnesses subject to notification. The focus is made on policies dealing with the control and eradication of contagious nodular dermatitis in case of its detection. The spread of LSD can be prevented through the introduction of biosafety measures at the farm level and the introduction of restrictions on the movement of infection-susceptible animals and goods from the infected territories. Vaccination is the most effective disease control tool in endemic areas. LSD control and elimination policy in case of disease detection includes sanitary slaughter (stamping-out) of infected animals – a complex of antiepizootic measures that carry out by direction  of the chief state inspector, including the slaughter of sick and infected animals of the herd, and if necessary, animals of another herd that could lead before the transmission of a pathogenic agent – the pathogen of contagious nodular dermatitis of cattle. All animals, that are susceptible to the disease, whether vaccinated or not, are clogged and their carcasses are destroyed by burning, burial with the guarantee of preventing the spread of infection through carcasses or other products of dead animals. Emergency control of outbreaks envisages the ring vaccination of buffer zones within 25–50 km from infected areas, as well as foundation of temporary or permanent slaughter places in the infected areas. Sufficient herd immunity must be created and maintained within large territories both around the infected area and at the borders with infected countries. Such immunity is achieved when 80% of the herd is covered by vaccination.

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