scholarly journals Assessment on Economic Losses due to Animal Health and Production Constraints in Jimma Town Intensive Dairy Farms, Jimma, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Jimma Town

A single-visit-multiple subject formal survey technique was used to collect data from 75 small-scale dairy farming households which were selected at random and were interviewed using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Seventy-three (97.3%) dairy farming was practiced under an intensive management system. Among the selected dairy farms, only (33.3%) were kept in good hygienic condition. Artificial insemination was common (69.3%) breeding system practiced in most dairy farms of studying area. This study discovered that only a few dairy farms (2.7%) undergo periodic vaccination. It appeared from the study that morbidity loss of animals was primarily caused by mastitis which calculated (42.7%), black leg (32%), lumpy skin disease (21.3%), milk fever (17.3%), heart water (10.7%) and foot rote (5.3%) in order of their decreasing order. The results of this survey revealed that mastitis was ranked as the number one disease of dairy animals while foot rote was list reported disease in the study area. Morbidity loss of production and productivity was estimated to the financial loss of (812,600 birrs) per year. Not only morbidity loss, in some farms, mortality was also common problems of the study area. Mainly common diseases such as heart water (6.7%), milk fever (5.3%), back leg (2.7%), and lumpy skin disease (1.7%) were major causes of mortality in few farms. This in turn estimated the financial loss of (625,000 birrs). Eventually, overall annual financial loss as a result of mortality and morbidity was estimated to be (1,437,600 birrs). The outbreak of lumpy skin disease and blacklegs could be controlled through improving veterinary services with respect to adequate vaccination and heart water (seasonal tick infestation) would be alleviated by spraying. The aim of the study was to assess assessment on economic losses due to animal health and production constraints in Jimma town intensive dairy farms, Jimma, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Development of a Safe and Highly Efficient Inactivated Vaccine Candidate against Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Tom Moritz ◽  
Kore Schlottau ◽  
Donata Hoffmann ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
World Organisation ◽  
Free Status

Capripox virus (CaPV)-induced diseases (lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, goatpox) are described as the most serious pox diseases of livestock animals, and therefore are listed as notifiable diseases under guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Until now, only live-attenuated vaccines are commercially available for the control of CaPV. Due to numerous potential problems after vaccination (e.g., loss of the disease-free status of the respective country, the possibility of vaccine virus shedding and transmission as well as the risk of recombination with field strains during natural outbreaks), the use of these vaccines must be considered carefully and is not recommended in CaPV-free countries. Therefore, innocuous and efficacious inactivated vaccines against CaPV would provide a great tool for control of these diseases. Unfortunately, most inactivated Capripox vaccines were reported as insufficient and protection seemed to be only short-lived. Nevertheless, a few studies dealing with inactivated vaccines against CaPV are published, giving evidence for good clinical protection against CaPV-infections. In our studies, a low molecular weight copolymer-adjuvanted vaccine formulation was able to induce sterile immunity in the respective animals after severe challenge infection. Our findings strongly support the possibility of useful inactivated vaccines against CaPV-infections, and indicate a marked impact of the chosen adjuvant for the level of protection.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Nigerian Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolate after Experimental Infection of Cattle

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Eeva Tuppurainen ◽  
Adeyinka Adedeji ◽  
Clement Meseko ◽  
Olayinka Asala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Large Ruminant

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), together with sheeppox virus and goatpox virus, belong to the genus Capripoxvirus within the family Poxviridae. Collectively, they are considered the most serious poxvirus diseases of agricultural livestock. Due to their severe clinical course and consequent loss of production, as well as high mortality of naïve small and large ruminant populations, they are known to have a significant impact on the economy and global trade restrictions of affected countries. Therefore, all capripox diseases are classified as notifiable under the guidelines of the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE). Since the 1970s, several outbreaks of LSD have been recorded in Nigeria. Until now, only a little information on the virus strains leading to the reported outbreaks have been published, dealing mainly with the phylogenetic relationship of those strains and the description of field outbreaks. During the present study, we experimentally infected cattle with a low-passage Nigerian LSDV strain isolated from a skin sample of LSD positive cattle in Nigeria in 2018. Clinical, molecular and serological data indicate that this LSDV isolate is highly pathogenic in cattle since it induced a severe clinical course and approximately 33% mortality in naïve Holstein Friesian cattle after experimental infection.

scholarly journals Cross-border dissemination of lumpy skin disease: risc analysis for Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (88) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Kisera ◽  
Yu. G. Storchak ◽  
L. Ya. Bozhyk
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking

National biosecurity is a system of organizational and technical measures that help protect humans, animals and the environment from potential and actual biological threats. That is why analysis of the main hazardous biological sources for humans and animals has been carried out. The influence of climate change on the animals’ welfare as well as their predisposition to the deferred type tendency is proved. The prevalence of vector diseases of animals, mycoses and mycotoxicoses, which can manifest themselves in the form of such emergencies as outbreaks of exotic diseases, large-scale epizootics, a sharp increase of the incidence of endemic diseases, etc., are of both ecological and biological danger. Contagious vesicular (nodular) dermatitis (Lumpy skin disease, LSD) is caused by the virus belonging to the genus Capripoxvirus, the Poxviridae family and affects mainly cattle and buffaloes. The virus is distributed mainly by means of mechanical carriers (species of Stomoxys spp. and other flies). Global warming on the European continent facilitates the migration of blood-sucking insects that are carriers of vector diseases. As a result, the insects occupy new ecological niches adapting to the new biocenoses. A poorly controlled movement of large numbers of livestock also creates a risk of disease spreading. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has identified LSD as highly dangerous illnesses subject to notification. The focus is made on policies dealing with the control and eradication of contagious nodular dermatitis in case of its detection. The spread of LSD can be prevented through the introduction of biosafety measures at the farm level and the introduction of restrictions on the movement of infection-susceptible animals and goods from the infected territories. Vaccination is the most effective disease control tool in endemic areas. LSD control and elimination policy in case of disease detection includes sanitary slaughter (stamping-out) of infected animals – a complex of antiepizootic measures that carry out by direction  of the chief state inspector, including the slaughter of sick and infected animals of the herd, and if necessary, animals of another herd that could lead before the transmission of a pathogenic agent – the pathogen of contagious nodular dermatitis of cattle. All animals, that are susceptible to the disease, whether vaccinated or not, are clogged and their carcasses are destroyed by burning, burial with the guarantee of preventing the spread of infection through carcasses or other products of dead animals. Emergency control of outbreaks envisages the ring vaccination of buffer zones within 25–50 km from infected areas, as well as foundation of temporary or permanent slaughter places in the infected areas. Sufficient herd immunity must be created and maintained within large territories both around the infected area and at the borders with infected countries. Such immunity is achieved when 80% of the herd is covered by vaccination.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at the slaughterhouse of the urban commune of Dédougou in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Modou Séré ◽  
Micheline Nomtondo Sawadogo ◽  
Sié Hermann Pooda ◽  
Benoît Kaboré ◽  
Adama Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Ruminant Meat

Fasciolosis is a major zoonosis of ruminants which causes great economic losses to breeders. Given the economic and public health importance of this pathology, it is necessary to establish the current situation in a perspective of animal and ruminant meat consumer health protection. Therefore, the present study was conducted at the slaughterhouse of Dédougou in order to identify the species of fluke that caused this pathology in the Boucle du Mouhoun region and to estimate the prevalence, the risk factors and the economic losses associated with this pathology. For this purpose, 820 cattle and 6360 small ruminants were diagnosed through post-mortem examination over a five-month period from March to August 2018. Out of the 6360 small ruminant livers examined, no cases of infestation were observed unlike cattle in which the prevalence of infestation was 2.07%. These infestations were all due to Fasciola gigantica. Regarding the risk factors, a slight effect of the month and a high influence of animals' origin were observed. March, with a prevalence of 0.25%, was the most favorable infestation month (P-value=0.05) and Sourou (19.51%), was the highest infestation risk area (P-value<0.0001). The estimated financial loss associated with the infestations was XOF 22,200.29 per infested animal. The situation is particularly worrying insofar as some populations, especially rural populations, consume meat from uncontrolled slaughter areas. Appropriate precautions should therefore be taken to ensure both consumer and animal health, given the zoonotic nature of the disease.

scholarly journals Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Machado ◽  
F. Korennoy ◽  
J. Alvarez ◽  
C. Picasso-Risso ◽  
A. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryLumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by arthropod vectors which results in substantial economic losses due to impact on production efficiency and profitability, and represents an emerging threat to international trade of livestock products and live animals. Since 2015, the disease has spread across many Eastern European countries as well as Russia and Kazakhstan. This rapid expansion highlights the emergent nature of the virus in more temperate regions than those in which LSDV traditionally occurred. The goal of this study was to assess the risk for further LSDV spread in Eurasia through a) analysis of environmental factors conducive for LSDV and b) estimate of the underlying LSDV risk using a fine spatiotemporally explicit Bayesian hierarchical model on LSDV outbreak occurrence information. We used ecological niche modeling to estimate the potential distribution of LSDV outbreaks for 2014-2016. This analysis resulted in a spatial representation of environmental limits where, if introduced, LSDV is expected to efficiently spread. The Bayesian space-time model incorporated both environmental factors and the changing spatiotemporal distribution of the disease to capture the dynamics of disease spread and predict areas in which there is an increased risk of LSDV occurrence. Variables related to the average temperature, precipitation, wind speed, as well as land cover and host densities were found to be important drivers explaining the observed distribution of LSDV in both modeling approaches. Areas of elevated LSDV risks were identified mainly in Russia, Turkey, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Results suggest that prevailing ecological conditions may be compatible with further spread of LSDV in Eurasia, though models should be continually updated to reflect the current epidemiologic conditions. The results presented here advance our understanding of the ecological requirements of LSDV in temperate regions and may help in the design and implementation of prevention and surveillance strategies in the region.

scholarly journals Estimating Economic Burden and Factors Perceived to Be Associated With Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle in Namisindwa District, Eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Ongom ◽  
Steven Odongo ◽  
Aggrey Siya ◽  
Francis Ejobi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Herds

Abstract BackgroundGlobally, livestock contributes about 40% of agricultural output sustaining livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people. In Uganda, livestock contributes 5.2% and 12.7% to the total national GDP and agricultural GDP, respectively. In districts like Namisindwa, diseases like Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) affect the sector undermining its trade and production. Studies on the economic impact and risk factors have not been undertaken in such areas. This study thus sought to unravel information regarding economic impact and perceived risk factors associated with LSD in Namisindwa district. A cross sectional study involving quantitative approaches was employed in this study. Dependent variables were period prevalence and associated economic losses due effect of LSD on cattle herds while independent variable were potential factors influencing spread of the disease among cattle herds. The financial impact assessment was based on the farmers’ calendar year. Results The total economic losses incurred by farmers in Namisindwa district in a single outbreak of LSD was estimated at UGX 574,999,741 (USD 155,405). The most prominent economic loss due to LSD was attributed to low milk yield in lactating cattle as well as poor draught power performance. Other major contributions to economic losses due to LSD after the aforementioned two factors were cost of veterinary services and mortalities of cattle. Economic losses associated with loss of calves, and skin losses were perceived to be the lowest. Introduction of new animals, communal grazing and access to veterinary services were significantly associated with outbreaks of Lumpy Skin Disease. Specifically, farmers with access to veterinary services were less likely to be affected with the rampant spread of the LSD in their cattle, OR = .03361 and P-value < .05. Conclusion There is need for Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries in Uganda to advance interventions for prevention and control of LSD in the district. Larger scale and rigorous studies ought to be undertaken also to understand the risk factors and economic impact of LSD outbreaks.

scholarly journals Occurrences of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Cattle in Dinajpur Sadar of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Sumon Sarkar ◽  
Mirza Mienur Meher ◽  
Mst Misrat Masuma Parvez ◽  
Mahfuza Akther
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Level Information

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute viral disease infectious of cattle and recently emerged very common in Bangladesh causing economic losses. Hence, this study was design to investigate the prevalence of LSD in considering the herd level and some of management status. Thus, a total of 453 sick animals were subjected to study during the period of April 2020 to July 2020 in Dinajpur. LSD was confirmed according to the clinical inspection and microscopic study of skin scraping. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of LSD was 41.06% in cattle. Moreover, the local breed (75%) and young cattle less than one year (64%) were significantly (p<0.001) higher for LSD with the significant (p<0.001) skin lesions in whole body (44%). In addition, the animal grazed in flock (61%), non-dewormed (58%), non-vaccinated (61%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher for LSD. In the same way, 75% prevalence was in without fly repellent (p<0.001). Afterward, the univariate logistic regression in herd level information had the odd ratio of local breed (95% CI: 0.244-0.553), skin lesions in abdominal regions (95% CI: 1.620-5.923) and pregnant cattle (95% CI: 1.057-3.386) was 0.367, 3.098 and 1.892 respectively indicated the likelihood of no LSD outbreaks. Besides this, the odd ratio of dewormed cattle, vaccinated, individually grazed, regular use of disinfectant and fly repellent farm animal was 1.493 (95% CI:1.024-2.177), 1.491 (95% CI:1.020-2.180), 1.656 (95% CI:1.133-2.421), 1.516 (95% CI:0.952-2.414) and 1.660 (95% CI:1.097-2.513), respectively indicated the likelihood of no LSD. Therefore, LSD infection can be greatly reduced by practicing regular vaccination, deworming, and disinfection, vector controlling and allowing grazing individually, especially with great concern to young female cattle of local breed. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 445-455,  December 2020

Risk analysis of lumpy skin disease in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Baris Ince ◽  
Serkan Çakir ◽  
Mehmet Ali Dereli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
And Control

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Turkish cattle appeared suddenly two years ago. This study evaluates potential risks of LSD and recommends appropriate control measures. The World Animal Health Organization’s protocol was used for the risk analysis. Likelihoods for disease release and exposure were estimated with a qualitative scale ranging from negligible to high. Outbreaks were recorded in nine provinces in Turkey. Total economic loss due to the disease was estimated to be $241.903.500 US dollars. The risk analysis suggests a greater than negligible risk. Therefore, disease prevention and control strategies should be considered by the Turkish Veterinary Authority.

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