scholarly journals Development of a Safe and Highly Efficient Inactivated Vaccine Candidate against Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Tom Moritz ◽  
Kore Schlottau ◽  
Donata Hoffmann ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
World Organisation ◽  
Free Status

Capripox virus (CaPV)-induced diseases (lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, goatpox) are described as the most serious pox diseases of livestock animals, and therefore are listed as notifiable diseases under guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Until now, only live-attenuated vaccines are commercially available for the control of CaPV. Due to numerous potential problems after vaccination (e.g., loss of the disease-free status of the respective country, the possibility of vaccine virus shedding and transmission as well as the risk of recombination with field strains during natural outbreaks), the use of these vaccines must be considered carefully and is not recommended in CaPV-free countries. Therefore, innocuous and efficacious inactivated vaccines against CaPV would provide a great tool for control of these diseases. Unfortunately, most inactivated Capripox vaccines were reported as insufficient and protection seemed to be only short-lived. Nevertheless, a few studies dealing with inactivated vaccines against CaPV are published, giving evidence for good clinical protection against CaPV-infections. In our studies, a low molecular weight copolymer-adjuvanted vaccine formulation was able to induce sterile immunity in the respective animals after severe challenge infection. Our findings strongly support the possibility of useful inactivated vaccines against CaPV-infections, and indicate a marked impact of the chosen adjuvant for the level of protection.

scholarly journals Epidemiological features of Lumpy skin disease of the large ruminants: Review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Sh. K. Zeynalova
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The World ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Short Time ◽  
World Organisation

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease in cattle, characterized by nodules on the surface of the skin and which can have serious economic consequences. Starting from 2014, new outbreaks of LSD in the world and its spread to Central Asia and the Middle East are noted. Due to the huge economic impact on the economy, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has classified LSD as a particularly dangerous disease that needs to be notified. The analysis of the literature on LSD shows that many issues remain unstudied and require appropriate research to be carried out. In connection with the difficult epizootic situation and the threat of further spread of the virus, the urgent task is the study of biological properties of the causative agent with a view of development the specific prophylactic agents that would allow to prevent the spread of infection in a short time

scholarly journals Characterization of a Nigerian Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Isolate after Experimental Infection of Cattle

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Eeva Tuppurainen ◽  
Adeyinka Adedeji ◽  
Clement Meseko ◽  
Olayinka Asala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Large Ruminant

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), together with sheeppox virus and goatpox virus, belong to the genus Capripoxvirus within the family Poxviridae. Collectively, they are considered the most serious poxvirus diseases of agricultural livestock. Due to their severe clinical course and consequent loss of production, as well as high mortality of naïve small and large ruminant populations, they are known to have a significant impact on the economy and global trade restrictions of affected countries. Therefore, all capripox diseases are classified as notifiable under the guidelines of the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE). Since the 1970s, several outbreaks of LSD have been recorded in Nigeria. Until now, only a little information on the virus strains leading to the reported outbreaks have been published, dealing mainly with the phylogenetic relationship of those strains and the description of field outbreaks. During the present study, we experimentally infected cattle with a low-passage Nigerian LSDV strain isolated from a skin sample of LSD positive cattle in Nigeria in 2018. Clinical, molecular and serological data indicate that this LSDV isolate is highly pathogenic in cattle since it induced a severe clinical course and approximately 33% mortality in naïve Holstein Friesian cattle after experimental infection.

scholarly journals Assessment on Economic Losses due to Animal Health and Production Constraints in Jimma Town Intensive Dairy Farms, Jimma, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Jimma Town

A single-visit-multiple subject formal survey technique was used to collect data from 75 small-scale dairy farming households which were selected at random and were interviewed using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Seventy-three (97.3%) dairy farming was practiced under an intensive management system. Among the selected dairy farms, only (33.3%) were kept in good hygienic condition. Artificial insemination was common (69.3%) breeding system practiced in most dairy farms of studying area. This study discovered that only a few dairy farms (2.7%) undergo periodic vaccination. It appeared from the study that morbidity loss of animals was primarily caused by mastitis which calculated (42.7%), black leg (32%), lumpy skin disease (21.3%), milk fever (17.3%), heart water (10.7%) and foot rote (5.3%) in order of their decreasing order. The results of this survey revealed that mastitis was ranked as the number one disease of dairy animals while foot rote was list reported disease in the study area. Morbidity loss of production and productivity was estimated to the financial loss of (812,600 birrs) per year. Not only morbidity loss, in some farms, mortality was also common problems of the study area. Mainly common diseases such as heart water (6.7%), milk fever (5.3%), back leg (2.7%), and lumpy skin disease (1.7%) were major causes of mortality in few farms. This in turn estimated the financial loss of (625,000 birrs). Eventually, overall annual financial loss as a result of mortality and morbidity was estimated to be (1,437,600 birrs). The outbreak of lumpy skin disease and blacklegs could be controlled through improving veterinary services with respect to adequate vaccination and heart water (seasonal tick infestation) would be alleviated by spraying. The aim of the study was to assess assessment on economic losses due to animal health and production constraints in Jimma town intensive dairy farms, Jimma, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Cross-border dissemination of lumpy skin disease: risc analysis for Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (88) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Kisera ◽  
Yu. G. Storchak ◽  
L. Ya. Bozhyk
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking

National biosecurity is a system of organizational and technical measures that help protect humans, animals and the environment from potential and actual biological threats. That is why analysis of the main hazardous biological sources for humans and animals has been carried out. The influence of climate change on the animals’ welfare as well as their predisposition to the deferred type tendency is proved. The prevalence of vector diseases of animals, mycoses and mycotoxicoses, which can manifest themselves in the form of such emergencies as outbreaks of exotic diseases, large-scale epizootics, a sharp increase of the incidence of endemic diseases, etc., are of both ecological and biological danger. Contagious vesicular (nodular) dermatitis (Lumpy skin disease, LSD) is caused by the virus belonging to the genus Capripoxvirus, the Poxviridae family and affects mainly cattle and buffaloes. The virus is distributed mainly by means of mechanical carriers (species of Stomoxys spp. and other flies). Global warming on the European continent facilitates the migration of blood-sucking insects that are carriers of vector diseases. As a result, the insects occupy new ecological niches adapting to the new biocenoses. A poorly controlled movement of large numbers of livestock also creates a risk of disease spreading. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has identified LSD as highly dangerous illnesses subject to notification. The focus is made on policies dealing with the control and eradication of contagious nodular dermatitis in case of its detection. The spread of LSD can be prevented through the introduction of biosafety measures at the farm level and the introduction of restrictions on the movement of infection-susceptible animals and goods from the infected territories. Vaccination is the most effective disease control tool in endemic areas. LSD control and elimination policy in case of disease detection includes sanitary slaughter (stamping-out) of infected animals – a complex of antiepizootic measures that carry out by direction  of the chief state inspector, including the slaughter of sick and infected animals of the herd, and if necessary, animals of another herd that could lead before the transmission of a pathogenic agent – the pathogen of contagious nodular dermatitis of cattle. All animals, that are susceptible to the disease, whether vaccinated or not, are clogged and their carcasses are destroyed by burning, burial with the guarantee of preventing the spread of infection through carcasses or other products of dead animals. Emergency control of outbreaks envisages the ring vaccination of buffer zones within 25–50 km from infected areas, as well as foundation of temporary or permanent slaughter places in the infected areas. Sufficient herd immunity must be created and maintained within large territories both around the infected area and at the borders with infected countries. Such immunity is achieved when 80% of the herd is covered by vaccination.

scholarly journals Review: Vaccines and Vaccination against Lumpy Skin Disease

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Eeva Tuppurainen ◽  
Klaas Dietze ◽  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Hannes Bergmann ◽  
Daniel Beltran-Alcrudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Selection Of

The geographical distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD), an economically important cattle disease caused by a capripoxvirus, has reached an unprecedented extent. Vaccination is the only way to prevent the spread of the infection in endemic and newly affected regions. Yet, in the event of an outbreak, selection of the best vaccine is a major challenge for veterinary authorities and farmers. Decision makers need sound scientific information to support their decisions and subsequent actions. The available vaccine products vary in terms of quality, efficacy, safety, side effects, and price. The pros and cons of different types of live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, vaccination strategies, and associated risks are discussed. Seroconversion, which typically follows vaccination, places specific demands on the tools and methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the LSD vaccination campaigns in the field. We aimed to give a comprehensive update on available vaccines and vaccination against LSD, to better prepare affected and at-risk countries to control LSD and ensure the safe trade of cattle.

Risk analysis of lumpy skin disease in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Baris Ince ◽  
Serkan Çakir ◽  
Mehmet Ali Dereli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
And Control

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Turkish cattle appeared suddenly two years ago. This study evaluates potential risks of LSD and recommends appropriate control measures. The World Animal Health Organization’s protocol was used for the risk analysis. Likelihoods for disease release and exposure were estimated with a qualitative scale ranging from negligible to high. Outbreaks were recorded in nine provinces in Turkey. Total economic loss due to the disease was estimated to be $241.903.500 US dollars. The risk analysis suggests a greater than negligible risk. Therefore, disease prevention and control strategies should be considered by the Turkish Veterinary Authority.

Development and validation of a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method for the differentiation of wild type lumpy skin disease virus from vaccine virus strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini I. Agianniotaki ◽  
Serafeim C. Chaintoutis ◽  
Andy Haegeman ◽  
Konstantia E. Tasioudi ◽  
Ilse De Leeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of the Neethling-Like Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Strains Obtained Directly from Three Commercial Live Attenuated Vaccines

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Mathijs ◽  
Frank Vandenbussche ◽  
Andy Haegeman ◽  
Alasdair King ◽  
Bethuel Nthangeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Important Disease

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes an economically important disease in cattle. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three LSDV strains obtained directly from the live attenuated vaccines: Lumpyvax (MSD Animal Health), Herbivac LS (Deltamune) and Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccine (Onderstepoort Biological Products).

scholarly journals Trial of a capripoxvirus-rinderpest recombinant vaccine in African cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. NGICHABE ◽  
H. M. WAMWAYI ◽  
T. BARRETT ◽  
E. K. NDUNGU ◽  
D. N. BLACK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Rinderpest Virus ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
African Cattle ◽  
Prior Infection

Cattle were vaccinated with differing doses of an equal mixture of capripox-rinderpest recombinant viruses expressing either the fusion protein (F) or the haemagglutinin protein (H) of rinderpest virus. Animals vaccinated with 2 × 104 p.f.u. or greater of the combined viruses were completely protected against challenge, 1 month later, with both virulent rinderpest and lumpy skin disease viruses. Vaccination with any of the doses did not induce any adverse clinical response in the animals or transmission of the vaccine virus between animals. All cattle challenged 6 or 12 months after vaccination with 2 × 105 p.f.u. of the mixture of recombinant viruses were protected from severe rinderpest disease. Ten out of 18 were completely protected while the remaining 8 developed mild clinical signs of rinderpest. Cattle vaccinated with the recombinant vaccines after prior infection with the parental capripox virus showed more marked clinical signs of rinderpest after challenge with virulent rinderpest, but 9 out of 10 recovered, compared with 80% mortality in the unvaccinated controls.

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