scholarly journals The Origins of Emancipation and Feminism in 19th Century India: Bengalese Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Tatiana Skorokhodova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Male Feminist ◽  
Second Wave

The development of feminism and women’s emancipation in colonial India shows various trajectories and inner sources of the process within the regions occupied by a ‘larger society’ going through modernization. The first variant appeared in colonial Bengal — a peripheral region relative to the center of Brahminical order and a place where Indian and Western culture conjoined back in the 18–19th centuries. A system of rigid constraints of women’s freedom and rights emerged within the local patriarchal society, especially in the high strata, coming from a perspective of ritual purity and men’s ‘safety’. Women themselves were bearers of traditional consciousness with stereotypes and prejudices, and they were deprived the possibility to take part in their destinies as well as social life outside of a family. Based on the works of social reformers and intellectuals, the author describes the Bengalese variant of the origins of feminism and emancipation. The primary social actor of the process was the male feminist, who publicly proclaimed ideas of women’s rights and tried to improve the lives of women through reforms. The reformatory movements led by leaders from Rammohun Roy to Keshubchandra Sen turned out to be the first wave of the emancipation process; their activity promoted the circumstances for family and social emancipatory practices. The second wave was associated with women finally becoming active and starting to speak for themselves. The main factors that stimulated their activeness were literacy and education, along with support of their aspirations of behalf of men.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of world health systems and Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Ayşe İKİNCİ KELEŞ ◽  
Gökhan KELEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second Wave

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe airway problems, first emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus led to a pandemic that affected the entire world. COVID-19 affects not only health, but also economic and social life. The emergence of this pandemic has led to health systems across the world being questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of world health systems in the face of this pandemic. Twelve countries were selected and analyzed in the study. The choice of these countries was determined by the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Information concerning health systems and COVID-19 was obtained from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2018, World Health Organization 2020 and Deep Knowledge Group data and was subjected to statistical analysis. According to the analysis, the country with the highest investment in health expenditures is the United States (10586 US dollars/capita), and Germany stands out as the best in health services. Another finding is the first and second wave of COVID-19 was identified as the USA with the highest case and death rate (First wave cases 1.942.363 and deaths 110.514; second wave cases at 7.419.230 and deaths 2.09.450). As a result of the meta-analysis, it is revealed that only socio-economic power is not enough, countries with good health systems are more successful in the pandemic. In addition, the analysis once again reveal how important health systems are in the face of such a pandemic.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for the Formation and Development of Professional Music Education in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Marina V. Pereverzeva ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Meleshkina
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Music Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Home Education ◽  
Pedagogical Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Pedagogical

The subject of the study is the process of formation and development of music education in Russia on the basis of the traditions of home education of children in noble families and higher classes of tsarist Russia. The activation of performing and composer art has become one of the prerequisites for the development of professional music education in Russia. Another prerequisite was domestic music, which became widespread in aristocratic houses. The work carries out a historical and theoretical analysis of the origin of the pedagogical model of music education in pre-revolutionary Russia at the beginning of the 19th century and determines the main factors that led to the formation of professional music education in Russia on a solid scientific, pedagogical and socio-cultural basis, established in the country during the 17th and 18th centuries.

scholarly journals Rathaus – Bahnhof – Museum. Auswirkungen ausgewählter kommunaler und privater Einrichtungen auf das soziale Leben der Bevölkerung in Czernowitz zur Zeit der Habsburgermonarchie

2017 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Michaela Seewald
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Town

The 19th century is - as regards urban planning - characterized by the development of infrastructure, such as schools or hospitals. These changes can also be observed in the eastern parts of the monarchy. The regional focus of this thesis lies on Czernowitz, the capital city of the Bukovina since 1849. Three institutions - the town hall, the railway station and the museum - serve as an example to show how the construction of these buildings had an impact on the social life of the residents of Czernowitz. The article shows that identity is the central connective element.

scholarly journals Peranan Institusi Kejiranan ketika Pandemik Covid-19 Menurut Perspektif Sunnah

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Maisarah Saidin ◽  
Siti Mardhiyah Kamal Azhar ◽  
Norwardatun Mohamed Razali
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Main Factors

Good social life begins with the values of brotherhood which is enlivened among neighbours. However, lifestyle changes that are too busy as well as rapidly advancing technology are the main factors that erode this value. Neglecting the concept of neighbourhood life able to cause conflict in a society and thus threaten the peace and harmony of various races and religions in Malaysia. Islam places great emphasis on neighbourhood relations. This is because a good neighbourhood can contribute to a harmonious and prosperous society. An understanding and awareness of the neighbourhood concept among societies as recommended by Islam needs to be implemented. Thus, this study aims to analyse Rasulullah SAW approach on the concepts and principles of neighbourhood life. To achieve these objectives, this study uses an inductive approach that is sourced from the main hadith books and its syarah. Through the textual analysis that has been conducted, the study finds that the approach that has been brought by Rasullullah SAW in reviving neighbourhood values- such as helping each other, keeping secrets and covering the shame of neighbours, is a very practical practice in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Durba Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Scientific

This introductory chapter traces the history of the concept of the sexually deviant female in colonial India. It first takes a look at how the figure of the prostitute appears across different archives from colonial India and within analyses of Indian social life. The chapter then shows how colonial studies on the nature of Indian society were to become the empirical basis for universalist theories of comparative societies. Indeed, the colonial state in India was, at its inception, an experiment in new forms of scientific and social scientific practices that were to influence state practices and the formation of disciplinary knowledge in the colony and metropole. At the heart of these sciences of society was a concern about structuring, tracing, and mapping the social world of colonial India through the assessment of women's sexuality. These histories reveal the way key debates about gender, caste, communal difference, and social hierarchy in India became objects of social scientific analysis through the description and evaluation of female sexuality. And, as the chapter shows, this social scientific imaginary had extraordinary reach.

The lepers, lunatics, the lame, the blind, the infirm and the making of asylums and benevolent charities: the Indian merchant class and disability in colonial India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjukta Choudhury Kaul ◽  
Manjit Singh Sandhu ◽  
Quamrul Alam
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Business People ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Social ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
Business Response

Purpose This study aims to explore the role of the Indian merchant class in 19th-century colonial India in addressing the social concerns of disability. Specifically, it addresses why and how business engaged with disability in colonial India. Design/methodology/approach This study’s methodology entailed historiographical approach and archival investigation of official correspondence and letters of business people in 19th-century colonial India. Findings Using institutional theory, the study’s findings indicate that guided by philanthropic and ethical motives, Indian businesses, while recognizing the normative and cognitive challenges, accepted the regulative institutional pressures of colonial India and adopted an involved and humane approach. This manifested in the construction of asylums and the setting up of bequeaths and charitable funds for people with disability (PwD). The principal institutional drivers in making of the asylums and the creation of benevolent charities were religion, social practices, caste-based expectations, exposure to Western education and Victorian and Protestantism ideologies, the emergence of colonial notions of health, hygiene and medicine, carefully crafted socio-political and economic policies of the British Raj and the social aspirations of the native merchant class. Originality/value In contrast to the 20th-century rights-based movement of the West, which gave birth to the global term of “disability,” a collective representation of different types of disabilities, this paper locates that cloaked in individual forms of sickness, the identity of PwD in 19th-century colonial India appeared under varied fragmented labels such as those of leper, lunatic, blind and infirm. This paper broadens the understanding of how philanthropic business response to disability provided social acceptability and credibility to business people as benevolent members of society. While parallelly, for PwD, it reinforced social marginalization and the need for institutionalization, propagating perceptions of unfortunate and helpless members of society.

6. Hinduism, colonialism, and modernity

2016 ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Kim Knott
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The 19Th Century

What impact did the presence of the Arabs and Turks, then the Europeans in India, have on the religious ideas and practices of Hindus? ‘Hinduism, colonialism, and modernity’ considers this question and, in particular, looks at the effect of British colonialism on Hinduism. Many of the new Hindu initiatives of the 19th century were pervaded in some way by the influence of western culture and Christian ideas. Many Hindu reformers, such as Gandhi, developed their ideas and actions from the context of British colonial rule. Gandhi sometimes imitated, sometimes resisted, but was always influenced by western conceptions of India and Hinduism.

The act of reading aloud: Animating the neoliberal speaking subject in post-Suharto Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-477
Author(s):  
Aurora Donzelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Local Modes ◽  
Market Rationality ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The global spreading of neoliberalism requires discursive technologies capable of producing forms of subjectivity congruent with the extension of market rationality to all dimensions of social life. Since the millennium, the International Monetary Fund (IMF)-driven implementation of governance reform in Indonesia has entailed the dissemination of electoral mission statements – a discursive genre aimed at consolidating a new morality of accountability, transparency and proactive entrepreneurialism. Drawing on audiovisual data recorded in a peripheral region of Indonesia, this article examines the circulation of this transnational genre and reveals how its uptake has not been fully successful. The analysis shows how, through a series of verbal and non-verbal cues, candidates would signal their disalignment from the genre’s metapragmatic structure. By performing their statements through the affectless prosody of written texts read aloud, candidates evaded the moral and discursive expectations of transparent accountability and neoliberal entrepreneurialism and reasserted the ethos of impersonal acquiescence underlying the local modes of political self-presentation.

Logic and Law in Russian and Western Culture

1998 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Galina Sorina
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social

The purpose of my paper is to compare those texts of Russian and Western thinkers where the relations between logic and law are discussed, and especially to show both the differences and the agreements of their understanding of this connection. Second, I would also like to show and contrast the place of logic and law in Russian and Western systems of education. Third, I propose to clarify some conclusions from my analysis of these relations for understanding the social life of a country and its culture. I believe that this is possible since the relations between logic and law, which are a special subject-matter, are only a part of a larger whole. There is no hard and fast line separating the place of these relationships from the whole of culture. The quality of this relationship is an indicator in some sense of the nature of culture and of its democracy. I would like to show with regard to the West that the classical logical culture determines the types of rationalities, argumentation patterns, and various kinds of political and juridical rhetorics. The consequences of the lack of logical culture in Russia will also be shown.

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