scholarly journals Comparaison de pièges à Culicoides en Afrique du Sud

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Gert J. Venter ◽  
Karien Labuschagne ◽  
I. Hermanides ◽  
D. Majatladi ◽  
S. Boikanyo
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Afrique Du Sud ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bg Sentinel

The primary monitoring tools for collecting Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are various models of light traps. To facilitate data comparison, four downdraught light traps were used in summer under South African conditions. These were the Onderstepoort trap [220 V, ultraviolet (UV)], the Rieb trap (12 V, UV) from France, the mini-CDC trap (6 V, UV) from the USA , and the Pirbright trap (220 V, white light) from the United Kingdom. Traps were deployed in three replicates of a 4x4 randomized Latin square design, so that treatment means were independent of any effects caused by the site or the occa­sion. Trapping was conducted during 12 nights in January 2008 (summer) and comprised 48 collections with 643,374 Culicoides midges collected. Eighteen different Culicoides species, of which only six were found in all four traps, were collected. All four traps indicated Culicoides imicola to be the most abundant species. Its abundance ranged from 91.8% (Rieb) to 95.0% (Onderstepoort). Statistically significant differences were found in the total number of Culicoides collected by each of these traps. The Onderstepoort trap (407,411) collected statistically significantly more midges than the CDC (167,794), Pirbright (39,128) or Rieb trap (32,041). Significant differences were also found between the traps in the parous rate, sex ratio and number of Culicoides midges compared to those of other insects. When comparisons were repeated in winter, when Culicoides numbers were relatively low compared to summer, the Onderstepoort trap still performed significantly better. All four traps, however, still captured Culicoides midges. In addition, the BG-sentinel mosquito trap, from Germany, was compared with the other four traps in two replicates of a 5x5 Latin square. These com­parisons, which were done in spring, showed that the number of Culicoides midges collected with the BG-sentinel was not significantly different from that collected with the CDC trap. Although the Onderstepoort trap increased monitoring sensitivity in areas where vector abundances were low, results highlighted the notion that biases in trapping methods need to be evaluated and measured.

scholarly journals Comparaison de collectes avec différents pièges lumineux

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Gert J. Venter ◽  
Karien Labuschagne ◽  
Junita Liebenberg ◽  
K. Hermanides ◽  
S. Boikanyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Bg Sentinel

Awareness of all potential vectors of the viruses of bluetongue and African horse sickness is crucial for the implementation of integrated control measures, risk analysis and disease manage­ment. The primary monitoring tools used for the collection of Culicoides midges are various models of suction light traps. In order to facilitate comparison of data between laboratories, the efficiency of the Onderstepoort, Rieb, mini-CDC, Pirbright and BG-sentinel, used at present and during the past in Europe, was compared in the field in South Africa. In a separate series of comparisons, the influence of trap height, the presence of hosts and the addition of octenol to the trap on species composition and number of Culicoides midges collected were determined. Comparisons were done in an appropriate number of replicates of a randomized Latin square design. The Onderstepoort trap collected significantly more Culicoides midges in summer and in winter than the other traps. It was found that relatively small vari­ations in the height at which the trap is deployed can have a sig­nificant influence on the number of midges collected. Although these results seem to indicate a height preference for C. imicola it needs to be determined to what extent environmental fac­tors, the presence of nearby structures, other light sources and hosts near the trap might have on the height at which Culicoides midges will fly. Significant differences were found in the num­ber of Culicoides and especially C. imicola numbers collected at various distances from host animals. Statistically significant higher numbers and proportions of C. imicola were collected immediately next to the animals compare to collections made 5 to 30 m away from animals. The addition of 1-octen-3-ol (9.1 mg/h) and 4-methylphenol (15.5 mg/h) did not have any significant influence on the number of Culicoides collected with the Onderstepoort trap. Relatively small but statistically signifi­cant differences were found in the species composition, parous rates, sex ratios as well as the ratio of Culicoides midges to other insects, as determined by the different collection regimes. Despite a great variety of factors that can influence light trap results, it remains the most reliable and practical way to deter­mine species richness and abundance in an area. The results of this study highlighted a few factors that may influence the num­bers of Culicoides midges collected and the problems involved in the reliable comparison of light trap data between different collection sites. It emphasized the need for the standardization of techniques for measuring the variables of vectorial capacity

scholarly journals Evaluation of the New Modular Biogents BG-Pro Mosquito Trap in Comparison to CDC, EVS, BG-Sentinel, and BG-Mosquitaire Traps

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
Carolin M. Degener ◽  
Kyran M. Staunton ◽  
Hervé Bossin ◽  
Jérôme Marie ◽  
Richard Diogo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Bg Sentinel

ABSTRACT Mosquito surveillance is an essential component of mosquito control and mosquito traps are a universally employed tool to monitor adult populations. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the new modular Biogents BG-Pro mosquito trap (BGP) and compare its performance to 4 widely used traps for adult mosquitoes: the BG-Sentinel (BGS), the BG Mosquitaire (BGM), the CDC miniature light trap (CDC), and the encephalitis vector survey trap (EVS). One semi-field and 9 field Latin square trials were performed in 7 countries. Results showed that the collection performance of the BGP was equivalent to or exceeded that of the BGS, BGM, CDC, and EVS traps in head-to-head comparisons. The BGP uses 35% less power than the CDC and 75% less than the BGS and BGM. This lower power consumption allows it to run at 5 V for 2 days using a small lightweight 10,000-mAh rechargeable power bank. The BG-Pro is an excellent alternative for the surveillance of mosquito species that are usually monitored with BG-Sentinel, CDC, or EVS traps.

scholarly journals Triangulating abuse liability assessment for flavoured cigar products using physiological, behavioural economic and subjective assessments: a within-subjects clinical laboratory protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e023850
Author(s):  
Catherine S Wall ◽  
Rose S Bono ◽  
Rebecca C Lester ◽  
Cosima Hoetger ◽  
Thokozeni Lipato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Behavioural Economic ◽  
Scientific Meetings

IntroductionIn the USA, Food and Drug Administration regulations prohibit the sale of flavoured cigarettes, with menthol being the exception. However, the manufacture, advertisement and sale of flavoured cigar products are permitted. Such flavourings influence positive perceptions of tobacco products and are linked to increased use. Flavourings may mask the taste of tobacco and enhance smoke inhalation, influencing toxicant exposure and abuse liability among novice tobacco users. Using clinical laboratory methods, this study investigates how flavour availability affects measures of abuse liability in young adult cigarette smokers. The specific aims are to evaluate the effect of cigar flavours on nicotine exposure, and behavioural and subjective measures of abuse liability.Methods and analysesParticipants (projected n=25) are healthy smokers of five or more cigarettes per day over the past 3 months, 18–25 years old, naive to cigar use (lifetime use of 50 or fewer cigar products and no more than 10 cigars smoked in the past 30 days) and without a desire to quit cigarette smoking in the next 30 days. Participants complete five laboratory sessions in a Latin square design with either their own brand cigarette or a session-specific Black & Mild cigar differing in flavour (apple, cream, original and wine). Participants are single-blinded to cigar flavours. Each session consists of two 10-puff smoking bouts (30 s interpuff interval) separated by 1 hour. Primary outcomes include saliva nicotine concentration, behavioural economic task performance and response to various questionnaire items assessing subjective effects predictive of abuse liability. Differences in outcomes across own brand cigarette and flavoured cigar conditions will be tested using linear mixed models.Ethics and disseminationThe Virginia Commonwealth University Institutional Review Board approved the study (VCU IRB: HM20007848). Dissemination channels for study findings include scientific journals, scientific meetings, and policy briefs.Trial registration numberNCT02937051.

scholarly journals Culicoides biting midges at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa : research communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Labuschagne ◽  
L.J. Gerber ◽  
I. Espie ◽  
S. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Far East ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Culicoides Biting Midges

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the transmission of a large number of pathogens to livestock and wild animals. In this study the presence of the genus, using light traps based at four different sites within the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, was investigated during 2002-2004. In total, 37 species were recorded, including large numbers of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913, which is responsible for the transmission of economically important arboviruses in South Africa, Europe, Middle and Far East. These results are discussed with reference to the wider Culicoides fauna in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa, their vector competence as well as biosecurity at the National Zoological Gardens.

New Mosquito Collection Records for Southern Georgia

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Smith ◽  
Thomas G. Floore
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Detailed Report ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Southern Georgia

Twenty-nine species representing eight genera, numerous new county records and one state record, Mansonia titillans (Walker), were collected in a surveillance project conducted in 20 southern Georgia counties during the summer of 1997. A detailed report of species abundance and diversity is presented. Overall, as sampled by CO2 light traps, Culex quinquefasciatus Say was the most widely distributed species and Aedes vexans (Meigen) was the most abundant species followed closely by Aedes atlanticus Dyer and Knab.

scholarly journals Phlebotomines in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern coast of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Patricia Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Débora Elienai de Oliveira Miranda ◽  
Marcos Antônio Bezerra Santos ◽  
Neurisvan Ramos Guerra ◽  
Silvia Rafaelli Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Northeastern Coast

Abstract Phlebotomines have worldwide distribution with many species present in Brazil, including the northeastern region, where the fauna is very diverse. The aim of this study was to identify the sandfly fauna in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the state of Pernambuco. Sandflies were caught on three consecutive nights every month from October 2015 to September 2016, from 5 pm to 5 am, using seven light traps of Centers for Disease Control (CDC) type. Females were identified and used for molecular Leishmania detection. A total of 2,174 specimens belonging to ten species were collected: Lutzomyia choti (88.2%; 1,917/2,174) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia whitmani (8.1%; 176/2,174) and Lutzomyia sordellii (1.5%; 33/2,174). The majority of the specimens were collected in peridomestic areas (64.1%; 1,394/2,174) and during the rainy period. All the samples examined were negative for Leishmania spp. The presence of Lutzomyia whitmani indoors and in peridomestic areas indicates that the inhabitants of this area are exposed to the risk of infection by the parasites responsible for ACL.

A Note on the Diet Synaphobranchus Kaupi (Pisces: Synaphobranchidae) from the Porcupine Seabight, North-East Atlantic

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1385-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso Marques
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
West African ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Porcupine Seabight ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
The Usa

The diet of Synaphobranchus kaupi from the Porcupine Seabight is described. A sample of 110 eel stomachs containing food, were analysed and the general size–depth trend among eels with food in their stomachs. Larger individuals are found in deeper waters. Fish are the main prey for larger eels and crustaceans are preferred by smaller individuals.Synaphobranchus kaupi Johnson, 1862 is a slope dwelling eel, abundant in the north-east Atlantic Ocean from 230 to 2420 m deep on the continental slope (Haedrich & Merrett, 1988). It is the most abundant species on the slopes of the Porcupine Seabight, off south-west Ireland (Merrett et al, 1991; Priede et al., 1994) and was classified as a benthopelagic predator of the fourth level, predator of predators (Saldanha, 1991).The diet of S. kaupi has been described from the slope off the middle Atlantic coast of the USA (Sedberry & Musick, 1978), from the Portuguese slope and in the Bay of Biscay (Saldanha, 1991), from the west African slope (Merrett & Marshall, 1981; Merrett & Domanski, 1985) and from the Rockall Trough (Gordon & Mauchline, 1996).Our specimens were captured during a joint IOS/SAMS survey (Merret et al., 1991). From a total catch of 8792 S. kaupi, captured between 1979 and 1983 in the Porcupine Seabight, ranging from 470 to 2230 m deep, fish stomachs were removed aboard ship and 110 with food were kept in 5% formalin for further analysis.

scholarly journals Ecology of phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in rural foci of leishmaniasis in tropical Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Maria Lima Silva ◽  
Leandro Santos Moraes ◽  
Gustavo Almeida Brito ◽  
Ciro Libio Caldas dos Santos ◽  
José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
High Level ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Permutation Analysis

INTRODUCTION: This work aimed to study the community structure of sandflies, with regard to the richness, constancy, abundance, and monthly frequency of the species with a focus on the transmission of leishmaniasis. METHODS: The study was conducted in the rural villages of Bom Jardim and Santa Maria, situated on the edge of a tropical rain forest in the municipality of São Jose de Ribamar, Maranhão, Brazil. The phlebotomines were captured in the intradomiciles and peridomiciles of each village, with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps set in 10 homes in each village, for 1 year, once a month, from 18h to 6h. RESULTS: We collected 1,378 individuals of 16 sandfly species. The capture success rate was higher in Bom Jardim (0.61 specimens/hour/trap) than that of Santa Maria (0.35/specimens/hour/trap). The sandflies were more abundant in the peridomiciles (86.1%) and in the rainy season (77%). Five species were considered constants (occurring in more than 50% of samples), 5 accessory (25%-50%), and 6 accidental (<25%). The most abundant species were Lutzomyia longipalpis (59.7%) and L whitmani (28%). The permutation analysis showed differences between the species composition of the villages and no separation between the intradomicile and peridomicile of each village. The species that most contributed to the dissimilarity between the light traps of the 2 villages were L. longipalpis, L. whitmani, and L. evandroi, contributing to 80.8% of the variation among groups. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of richness and abundance of species and the presence of competent vectors throughout the year and around houses justify the occurrence of leishmaniasis cases reported in the area.

The Distribution and Diet of the Dominant, Slope-Dwelling Eel, Synaphobranchus Kaupi, of the Rockall Trough

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D.M. Gordon ◽  
J. Mauchline
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
Epibenthic Sledge ◽  
Continental Slopes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic

INTRODUCTIONThe deep-sea eel, Synaphobranchus kaupi, is widely distributed on the continental slopes of the North Atlantic (Saldanha & Bauchot, 1986; Haedrich & Merrett, 1988). It was a dominant fish species in epibenthic sledge and semi-balloon otter trawl (OTSB) hauls on the West African slope (Merrett & Marshall, 1981; Merrett & Domanski, 1985). Also in the eastern North Atlantic, it was the most abundant species on the slopes of the Porcupine Sea Bight off south-west Ireland (Merrett et al., 1991; Priede et al., 1994). In the western North Atlantic, it was the dominant species on the middle and lower slopes of the Middle Atlantic States of the USA and on the upper slopes of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland (Sedberry & Musick, 1978; Houston & Haedrich, 1986).

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