scholarly journals Comparaison de collectes avec différents pièges lumineux

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Gert J. Venter ◽  
Karien Labuschagne ◽  
Junita Liebenberg ◽  
K. Hermanides ◽  
S. Boikanyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Trap Height ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Bg Sentinel

Awareness of all potential vectors of the viruses of bluetongue and African horse sickness is crucial for the implementation of integrated control measures, risk analysis and disease manage­ment. The primary monitoring tools used for the collection of Culicoides midges are various models of suction light traps. In order to facilitate comparison of data between laboratories, the efficiency of the Onderstepoort, Rieb, mini-CDC, Pirbright and BG-sentinel, used at present and during the past in Europe, was compared in the field in South Africa. In a separate series of comparisons, the influence of trap height, the presence of hosts and the addition of octenol to the trap on species composition and number of Culicoides midges collected were determined. Comparisons were done in an appropriate number of replicates of a randomized Latin square design. The Onderstepoort trap collected significantly more Culicoides midges in summer and in winter than the other traps. It was found that relatively small vari­ations in the height at which the trap is deployed can have a sig­nificant influence on the number of midges collected. Although these results seem to indicate a height preference for C. imicola it needs to be determined to what extent environmental fac­tors, the presence of nearby structures, other light sources and hosts near the trap might have on the height at which Culicoides midges will fly. Significant differences were found in the num­ber of Culicoides and especially C. imicola numbers collected at various distances from host animals. Statistically significant higher numbers and proportions of C. imicola were collected immediately next to the animals compare to collections made 5 to 30 m away from animals. The addition of 1-octen-3-ol (9.1 mg/h) and 4-methylphenol (15.5 mg/h) did not have any significant influence on the number of Culicoides collected with the Onderstepoort trap. Relatively small but statistically signifi­cant differences were found in the species composition, parous rates, sex ratios as well as the ratio of Culicoides midges to other insects, as determined by the different collection regimes. Despite a great variety of factors that can influence light trap results, it remains the most reliable and practical way to deter­mine species richness and abundance in an area. The results of this study highlighted a few factors that may influence the num­bers of Culicoides midges collected and the problems involved in the reliable comparison of light trap data between different collection sites. It emphasized the need for the standardization of techniques for measuring the variables of vectorial capacity

scholarly journals Comparaison de pièges à Culicoides en Afrique du Sud

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Gert J. Venter ◽  
Karien Labuschagne ◽  
I. Hermanides ◽  
D. Majatladi ◽  
S. Boikanyo
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Afrique Du Sud ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bg Sentinel

The primary monitoring tools for collecting Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are various models of light traps. To facilitate data comparison, four downdraught light traps were used in summer under South African conditions. These were the Onderstepoort trap [220 V, ultraviolet (UV)], the Rieb trap (12 V, UV) from France, the mini-CDC trap (6 V, UV) from the USA , and the Pirbright trap (220 V, white light) from the United Kingdom. Traps were deployed in three replicates of a 4x4 randomized Latin square design, so that treatment means were independent of any effects caused by the site or the occa­sion. Trapping was conducted during 12 nights in January 2008 (summer) and comprised 48 collections with 643,374 Culicoides midges collected. Eighteen different Culicoides species, of which only six were found in all four traps, were collected. All four traps indicated Culicoides imicola to be the most abundant species. Its abundance ranged from 91.8% (Rieb) to 95.0% (Onderstepoort). Statistically significant differences were found in the total number of Culicoides collected by each of these traps. The Onderstepoort trap (407,411) collected statistically significantly more midges than the CDC (167,794), Pirbright (39,128) or Rieb trap (32,041). Significant differences were also found between the traps in the parous rate, sex ratio and number of Culicoides midges compared to those of other insects. When comparisons were repeated in winter, when Culicoides numbers were relatively low compared to summer, the Onderstepoort trap still performed significantly better. All four traps, however, still captured Culicoides midges. In addition, the BG-sentinel mosquito trap, from Germany, was compared with the other four traps in two replicates of a 5x5 Latin square. These com­parisons, which were done in spring, showed that the number of Culicoides midges collected with the BG-sentinel was not significantly different from that collected with the CDC trap. Although the Onderstepoort trap increased monitoring sensitivity in areas where vector abundances were low, results highlighted the notion that biases in trapping methods need to be evaluated and measured.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the New Modular Biogents BG-Pro Mosquito Trap in Comparison to CDC, EVS, BG-Sentinel, and BG-Mosquitaire Traps

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
Carolin M. Degener ◽  
Kyran M. Staunton ◽  
Hervé Bossin ◽  
Jérôme Marie ◽  
Richard Diogo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Mosquito Trap ◽  
Bg Sentinel

ABSTRACT Mosquito surveillance is an essential component of mosquito control and mosquito traps are a universally employed tool to monitor adult populations. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the new modular Biogents BG-Pro mosquito trap (BGP) and compare its performance to 4 widely used traps for adult mosquitoes: the BG-Sentinel (BGS), the BG Mosquitaire (BGM), the CDC miniature light trap (CDC), and the encephalitis vector survey trap (EVS). One semi-field and 9 field Latin square trials were performed in 7 countries. Results showed that the collection performance of the BGP was equivalent to or exceeded that of the BGS, BGM, CDC, and EVS traps in head-to-head comparisons. The BGP uses 35% less power than the CDC and 75% less than the BGS and BGM. This lower power consumption allows it to run at 5 V for 2 days using a small lightweight 10,000-mAh rechargeable power bank. The BG-Pro is an excellent alternative for the surveillance of mosquito species that are usually monitored with BG-Sentinel, CDC, or EVS traps.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Complexity of Morphologically Identified Anopheles squamosus in Southern Zambia

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Jordan Hoffman ◽  
Ilinca Ciubotariu ◽  
Limonty Simubali ◽  
Twig Mudenda ◽  
William Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blood Meal Source ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission

Despite dramatic reductions in malaria cases in the catchment area of Macha Hospital, Choma District, Southern Province in Zambia, prevalence has remained near 1–2% by RDT for the past several years. To investigate residual malaria transmission in the area, this study focuses on the relative abundance, foraging behavior, and phylogenetic relationships of Anopheles squamosus specimens. In 2011, higher than expected rates of anthropophily were observed among “zoophilic” An. squamosus, a species that had sporadically been found to contain Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The importance of An. squamosus in the region was reaffirmed in 2016 when P. falciparum sporozoites were detected in numerous An. squamosus specimens. This study analyzed Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light trap collections of adult mosquitoes from two collection schemes: one performed as part of a reactive-test-and-treat program and the second performed along a geographical transect. Morphological identification, molecular verification of anopheline species, and blood meal source were determined on individual samples. Data from these collections supported earlier studies demonstrating An. squamosus to be primarily exophagic and zoophilic, allowing them to evade current control measures. The phylogenetic relationships generated from the specimens in this study illustrate the existence of well supported clade structure among An. squamosus specimens, which further emphasizes the importance of molecular identification of vectors. The primarily exophagic behavior of An. squamosus in these collections also highlights that indoor vector control strategies will not be sufficient for elimination of malaria in southern Zambia.

scholarly journals An Automated Light Trap to Monitor Moths (Lepidoptera) Using Computer Vision-Based Tracking and Deep Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Kim Bjerge ◽  
Jakob Bonde Nielsen ◽  
Martin Videbæk Sepstrup ◽  
Flemming Helsing-Nielsen ◽  
Toke Thomas Høye
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Computer Vision System ◽  
Substantial Investment

Insect monitoring methods are typically very time-consuming and involve substantial investment in species identification following manual trapping in the field. Insect traps are often only serviced weekly, resulting in low temporal resolution of the monitoring data, which hampers the ecological interpretation. This paper presents a portable computer vision system capable of attracting and detecting live insects. More specifically, the paper proposes detection and classification of species by recording images of live individuals attracted to a light trap. An Automated Moth Trap (AMT) with multiple light sources and a camera was designed to attract and monitor live insects during twilight and night hours. A computer vision algorithm referred to as Moth Classification and Counting (MCC), based on deep learning analysis of the captured images, tracked and counted the number of insects and identified moth species. Observations over 48 nights resulted in the capture of more than 250,000 images with an average of 5675 images per night. A customized convolutional neural network was trained on 2000 labeled images of live moths represented by eight different classes, achieving a high validation F1-score of 0.93. The algorithm measured an average classification and tracking F1-score of 0.71 and a tracking detection rate of 0.79. Overall, the proposed computer vision system and algorithm showed promising results as a low-cost solution for non-destructive and automatic monitoring of moths.

The effect of organic compost of Caryocar brasiliense waste against Meloidogyne javanica in two vegetable crops

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fabíola de J. Silva ◽  
Regina C.F. Ribeiro ◽  
Adelica A. Xavier ◽  
Vanessa A. Gomes ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Organic Compost

Summary Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are responsible for various significant crop losses, which require taking integrated control measures. The present study aimed to identify a possible sustainable approach to the management of Meloidogyne javanica in vegetable crops using an organic compound based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit residues. A pot experiment was conducted using cultivars of tomato and lettuce susceptible to M. javanica, with three amendments including inorganic fertiliser, cattle manure and five doses of organic compost with pequi residues. All treatments were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. javanica to simulate the root-knot nematode disease in field conditions. Increasing doses of organic compost with pequi residues from 5 kg m−3 to 30 kg m−3 promoted a significant decrease in the nematode population in both cultures evaluated. Organic compost (30 kg m−3) reduced the numbers of galls and eggs of M. javanica by 41.6 and 46.5% in tomato roots, and by 80.3 and 59.2% in lettuce roots, respectively, compared with non-treated control. Organic compost also increased crop development considerably. In general, there was a 43.0% increase in plant development compared to non-treated control. Hence, organic compost of pequi residues could be an alternative to toxic chemical nematicides and recommended as eco-friendly management of M. javanica in vegetable crops.

Perspective on control options forEchinococcus multiloculariswith particular reference to Japan

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (S1) ◽  
pp. S159-S172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ITO ◽  
T. ROMIG ◽  
K. TAKAHASHI
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Western China ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Control Options

Following a brief introduction of recent advances in molecular and immunological technology for detection of persons and animals infected withEchinococcus multilocularisand an overview of the current situation of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Japan, perspectives on control options are discussed with reference to different epidemiological situations. AE is considered the most serious parasitic zoonosis in temperate and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. The number of human cases differs drastically among regions. While high numbers of patients are apparently associated with highE. multilocularisprevalence in domestic dogs, e.g. in parts of Alaska and western China, the number of cases is moderate or low in areas where the parasite is mainly transmitted by wild canid species (e.g. in central Europe or temperate North America). However, the severity of the disease, the absence of curative treatment for most cases, the high cost of long-term chemotherapy and the anxiety caused for the population in highly endemic areas call for the development of preventive strategies even in regions where human AE is rare. Furthermore, in view of (1) drastically increasing numbers and infection rates of foxes involved in transmission ofE. multilocularis, and (2) increasingly close contact between humans and foxes e.g. in Europe and Japan, there is considerable concern that AE incidences may in future increase in these regions. Control options depend on a variety of factors including the species of canid principally responsible for transmission and the socio-economic situation in the region. Where domestic dogs (stray or owned) are the principal hosts forE. multilocularis, control options can include those applicable toE. granulosus, i.e. reduction of the number of stray dogs, registration and regular preventive chemotherapy of owned dogs, and information campaigns for the population promoting low-risk behaviour for man and dogs. WhereE. multilocularisis mainly transmitted by wild canids, the situation is far more difficult with preventive strategies still being in trial stage. Integrated control measures could include prevention information campaigns, restricting access of pet animals (dogs and cats) to rodents, chemotherapy of foxes on local or regional scales, and strategies to minimize contacts between people and foxes.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Corruption of Morals amongst Adolescents with Control Measures in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nathan Oigo Mokaya ◽  
Haileyesus Tessema Alemmeh ◽  
Cyrus Gitonga Ngari ◽  
Grace Gakii Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Manifold Theory ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Well Posed

In the present paper, we formulate a new mathematical model for the dynamics of moral corruption with comprehensive age-appropriate sexual information and provision of guidance and counselling. The population is subdivided into three (3) different compartments according to their level of information on sexual matters. The model is proved to be both epidemiologically and mathematically well posed. The existence of unique morally corrupt-free and endemic equilibrium points is investigated. The basic reproduction number with respect to morally corrupt-free equilibrium is obtained using next generation matrix approach to monitor the dynamics of corrupt morals and ascertain its level in order to suggest effective intervention strategies to control this problem. The local as well as global asymptotic stability of these equilibrium points is studied. The analysis reveals a globally asymptotically stable morally corrupt-free equilibrium whenever ℛ 0 ≤ 1 and a globally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium if otherwise. Further analysis, using center manifold theory, shows that the model exhibits forward bifurcation insinuating that the classical epidemiological requirement of ℛ 0 ≤ 1 is necessary and sufficient for elimination of moral corruption. A brief discussion on the graphical results using the available numerical procedures is shown. From numerical simulations, it was ascertain that integrated control strategy is the best approach to fight against moral corruption transmission. Lastly, some key parameters that show significance in the moral corruption elimination from the society are also exploited.

scholarly journals Ecological studies of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera): Can sampling effort be reduced without losing essential taxonomic and ecological information?

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulie SHIMANO ◽  
Mylena CARDOSO ◽  
Leandro JUEN
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Laboratory Time

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the potential for the reduction of sampling effort in studies of ephemeropteran nymphs in Brazilian Amazon streams, Pará State, Brazil, without the loss of ecological information (species composition, abundance, and richness), and the congruence of different levels of taxonomic resolution (morphospecies, genus, family and functional group). Test groups of 15, 10 and five subsamples were selected from the 20 subsamples collected per stream (40 streams sampled), and were compared in terms of their species richness and abundance (ANOVA), and composition (Procrustes). Taxonomic resolution was also analyzed in Procrustes. Species abundance (F(3, 156) = 25.426; p < 0.001) and richness (F(3, 156) = 13.866, p < 0.001) varied significantly among sample groups, while the results of the 15-S group were statistically similar, in both cases, to those of the 20-S group. A similar pattern was found for species composition. The genus-level taxonomic resolution produced results 99% similar to those found for the species-level data. The results indicate that the reduction in sampling effort from 20 to 15 subsamples per site and a genus-level taxonomic resolution would not affect the reliability of analyses significantly. A reduction of five samples per site would result in a decrease of effort in the field and the amount of material to be processed, reducing laboratory time. In addition to a reduction in the time and resources needed to identify specimens, the adoption of a genus-level taxonomic resolution could help minimize errors of under- or over-estimation in the processing of the results.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Different Tactics for the Management of Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias Vittella (Fab.) under Field Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Rahman ◽  
M.M. Uddin ◽  
M.A. Haque ◽  
M.M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Earias Vittella ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Trichogramma Chilonis ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Fruit Borer

Comparative field efficacy of different control measures of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella were evaluated in the Entomology Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University during February to May, 2014. Field efficacy of two selected chemical insecticides (Decis 2.5EC, Agritaf 50SP), three botanicals (Neem oil, Pitraj oil and Mahogany oil), one parasitoid (Trichogramma chilonis), Light trap along with Hand picking and Trap crop (Maize) were evaluated by analyzing percent shoot and fruit infestations. BARI-1 (okra variety) was used as a test crop in the experiment. Among the tactics, the minimum shoot (4.72%) and fruit infestations (6.77%) were observed in the plots treated with Decis 2.5EC followed by Neem oil treated plots (4.83% in shoot and 7.56% in fruit). The highest reduction of percent shoot infestation (79.89%) and fruit infestation (64.97%) over untreated control plots was found in the Decis 2.5EC sprayed plots followed by Neem oil while the lowest percent reduction of shoot infestation (29.86%) and fruit infestation (29.43%) were recorded in case of Light trap + hand picking.  Neem oil and Decis 2.5EC were found very effective in managing E. vittella up to 7 days after each spraying. Agritaf 50SP, Pitraj oil, Mahogany oil, T. chilonis and trap crop were also found effective over untreated control plots although were significantly lower than Decis 2.5EC and Neem oil. Therefore, application of Decis 2.5EC and Neem oil were mostly effective and Light trap + hand picking was the least effective measures in controlling E. vittella.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 74-78

Predicting nuisance fly outbreaks on cattle feedlots in subtropical Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Godwin ◽  
D. G. Mayer ◽  
G. W. Brown ◽  
D. M. Leemon ◽  
P. J. James
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Cattle Feedlots

Flies are important arthropod pests in intensive animal facilities such as cattle feedlots, with the potential to cause production loss, transmit disease and cause nuisance to surrounding communities. In the present study, seasonal population dynamics of three important nuisance flies, namely house flies (Musca domestica L.), bush flies (M. vetustissima Walker) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were monitored on cattle feedlots in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, over 7 years. Musca domestica was by far the dominant species, comprising 67% of the total flies trapped. Models were developed to assess the relationship between weather parameters and fly abundance and to determine whether population trends could be predicted to improve the timing of control measures. For all three species, there were two main effects, namely time-of-year (mainly reflected by minimum temperatures and solar radiation) and rainfall. The abundance of all three species increased with increasing temperature and rainfall, reaching a peak in summer, before decreasing again. Rainfall events resulted in significantly elevated numbers of M. domestica for up to 5 weeks, and for 1 week for M. vetustissima. Peak fly numbers were predicted by the model to occur in spring and summer, following 85–90-mm weekly rainfall. The population dynamics of S. calcitrans were least influenced by rainfall and it was concluded that weather variables were of limited use for forecasting stable fly numbers in this environment and production system. The models provide a useful tool for optimising the timing of fly-control measures, such as insecticide or biopesticide applications, adding to the efficiency of integrated control programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document