scholarly journals Realizacja konstytucyjnej zasady nullum crimen sine lege certa w świetle art. 115 ust. 3 u stawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Anna Grzywacz
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
Secondary Issue

Realization of a nullum crimen sine lege certa principle in light of Article 115 Paragraph 3 of a Polish Copyright ActThe aim of the article is to analyze the content of Article 115 Paragraph 3 of the Polish Copyright Act and to examine the constitutionality of the provision based on the nullum crimen sine lege certa principle expressed in Article 42 of the Constitution. The basis for the allegation of the unconstitutionality of the provision is the Article’s use of the phrase: “Who […] otherwise violates”, which is, in the opinion of the doctrine, imprecise and contrary to the principle of legal certainty in matters of criminal law. Basing on the quoted regulations and the practice the author tries to answer a question whether the content of Article 115 Paragraph 3 of the Polish Copyright Act is constitutional and subjects the issue of using such clauses to the polemics. The article presents arguments for the rightness of such regulation as well as opposing views and the final conclusion based on the judgment of February 17, 2015, in which the Constitutional Tribunal adjudicated on the conformity of the regulation with the Constitution. Despite the approving position of the Constitutional Tribunal the issue of the constitutionality of the provision is still controversial and causes problems in the classification of acts as prohibited under the Copyright Act. Nevertheless, the use of complementary clauses in particular containing the phrase: “Who […] otherwise violates” seems to be unavoidable due to the dynamic development of technology and law. The principle of legal certainty can be implemented using a pro-constitutional interpretation in order to maximize the alignment of legal norms with the objectives and values expressed in the Constitution. This paper will also examine the secondary issue of criminal law protection of intellectual property rights with an emphasis on copyright law.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CRIMINAL AND LEGAL PROTECTION OF ECONOMIC AND OTHER INTERESTS OF SUBJECTS OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON UKRAINIAN LANDS UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROVISIONS OF 1903

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (44) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Oksana Korotiuk
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Significant Difference

The article analyzes the criminal law provisions of the Criminal Code of 1903, which provided the responsibility for encroachments on objects of intellectual property rights, and defined the peculiarities of criminal legal protection of economic and other interests of subjects of intellectual property rights in Ukrainian lands according to these criminal legal norms. The Criminal Code of 1903 was marked by a significant difference from the Criminal Code of 1845, expressed as a significant reduction in the number of criminal acts, the general humanization of criminal punishment, and in a more progressive approach to the design of criminal law. For example, in Art. 1, the principle of "nullum crimen sine lege" was directly affirmed for the first time, while in criminal laws of earlier times it was laid down but only proceeded from the general content of the articles. Analysis of the criminal law of the Criminal Code of 1903 provisions allowed to conclude that the criminal legal protection of objects of intellectual property rights was carried out at the expense of: 1) criminal law, which provided for liability for attacks on objects of copyright and patent law. In this case, the legal protection of copyright objects was closely linked to the censorship and, in fact, was inseparable from it; 2) the provisions establishing criminal liability for actions related to the disclosure of secrets; 3) provisions relating to the introduction of goods into the market and their circulation there, as well as the importation of goods into the territory of the Russian Empire, which provided for liability for the following acts: a) acts related to the illegal manufacture of works and their introduction into circulation, in including the illegal circulation of equipment that may be used for the illicit manufacture of works; b) acts related to the illicit sale or other distribution of works; c) other acts related to the illegal circulation of objects of intellectual property rights.

scholarly journals SANKSI PELANGGARAN HAK CIPTA MENURUT HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandi Maryandi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Trade Secrets ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
The Face ◽  
Protecting Intellectual Property

AbstrakSecara hakiki segala yang diam dan bergerak di muka bumi baik daratan maupun lautan memang milik Allah. Kalau secara hakiki ini diterapkan dalam keseharian, kehidupan mendadak chaos karena siapa saja merasa khalifatullah. Namun, secara majazi hak milik Allah bisa diidhofahkan kepada siapa saja agar kehidupan jadi terang dan terus berjalan. Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) merupakan salah satu hak yang telah mendapatkan perlindungan secara hukum di Indonesia, ada beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tentang hak-hak yang termasuk dalam ruang lingkup kekayan intelektual seperti hak cipta, hak paten, hak merek, hak rahasia dagang dan sebagainya. Yang perlu diketahui lebih mendalam adalah bagaimana hak cipta dalam perspektif hukum Pidana Islam karena Indonesia sebagai negara terbesar menganut agama Islam akan sangat mempengaruhi pemahaman dan kesadaran penduduk Indonesia akan pentingnya perlindungan terhadap hak atas kekayaan intelektual.Kata kunci: Hak Cipta, Hukum, Pidana IslamAbstractBasically everything that is stationary and moves on the face of the earth, both land and sea, indeed belongs to God. If it is essentially applied in daily life, life suddenly chaos because anyone feels khalifatullah. However, by virtue of God's property can be transferred to anyone so that life will be bright and keep going. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is one of the rights that has been legally protected in Indonesia, there are several laws and regulations governing rights that are included in the scope of intellectual property such as copyright, patent rights, trademark rights, rights trade secrets and so on. What needs to be known more deeply is how copyright in the perspective of Islamic Criminal law because Indonesia as the largest country adheres to Islam will greatly affect the understanding and awareness of the Indonesian population on the importance of protecting intellectual property rights.Keywords: Copyright, Law, Islamic Criminal

Roszczenie o zapłatę wielokrotności stosownego wynagrodzenia w prawie autorskim – głos w obronie status quo na dzień przed wyrokiem Trybunału Konstytucyjnego

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 349-373
Author(s):  
Dorota Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
Autonomous Institution

The article contains the response to the criticism of the solution regulated under article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b of the Copyright and Related Rights Act made before the Constitutional Tribunal rendered its judgment of 23 June 2015 repealing he above-mentioned legal provision. The genesis of article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b leads to the conclusion that it constituted an autonomous institution of the Polish copyright law. In particular, the claim for payment of a triple amount of the respective remuneration, where the copyright infringement is culpable, was not of a penal nature, neither was it contradictory to the Polish model of liability for damages, moreover at the same time, it was in accordance with the provisions of the Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights.

scholarly journals Ochrona prawna tradycyjnej wiedzy rolniczej dotyczącej zasobów genetycznych

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Paweł Gała
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Living Organisms

<p>Traditional knowledge, including genetic resources of living organisms, especially plants, plays an extremely important role also in the development of modern science and present-day industry. This prompts us to consider the need, scope, and model of legal protection for such knowledge, both for the needs of the communities that create and cultivate it and for the wider public good. The present article includes an analysis of international legal regulations concerning the protection of traditional knowledge, with particular emphasis on the knowledge related to genetic resources, as well as legal works in this field. The considerations cover issues related to the development of the conceptual framework of such legal norms and the foundations of the legal protection of traditional knowledge, in particular the arguments concerning the need for such protection. The article also presents the basic types of intellectual property rights that can be the basis for legal protection of traditional knowledge.</p>

International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Special Refrence with Intangible Properties and Copyright Laws.

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit P Singh ◽  
Shiv Kumar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
International Protection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Rapid Pace

In view of the rapid pace of technological, scientific and medical innovations in India and abroad, the intellectual property rights i.e., copyright, patent and other neighboring rights, have been recognized in Indian and foreign jurisdiction. Moreover, its scope and content have expanded pursuant to statutory amendments over the years. Growing recognisiont, expansion and protection of IPRs needs to harmonised with the public interest. Within this backdrop, copyright law, patent law etc. have made elaborate provisions and endeavours have also been made at international level to strike a balance between protection of individual’s IPRS and social interest. The present article tries to examine the contours of protection of IPRS at national and international levels with special reference to copyright law.

USE OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTED WORKS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Liene Vindele ◽  
Renāte Cāne
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Legal Norms

Copyright is one of the intellectual property rights whose main activity is to promote creativity and protect the ownership of the author. However, these rights are not absolute and are subject to certain restrictions.In the Berne Convention, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and also WIPO Copyright Treaty embodied so-called “three-step test” allowing exceptions to copyright protection. They state that exceptions to copyright protection are admissible only in specific cases; if they comply with the rules of normal exploitation of the author's work; and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate rights of the author.While respecting the restrictions contained in international conventions, the Latvian Copyright Law also lays down various restrictions, when the author's work can be used without a special permit for the use of the author's work or for free, such as in the educational or research process. The free use of copyright-protected materials constitutes a restriction on the economic rights of copyright holders. These restrictions aim to strike a balance between the rights of the author and the interests of the public. Although copyright-protected works can be used in education almost everywhere in the world, restrictions on the exercise of these rights have not been clearly established.The aim of this paper is to research limits use of copyright-protected works in the educational process. Basis for this analysis will be the international and national legal framework about copyright exceptions in educational process.In the development of the research used an analytical method of scientific research, as well as a method of interpreting grammatical, teleological and historical legal norms. For the conclusions used inductive and deductive method of scientific research. 

scholarly journals Criminal law problems in determining the object of intellectual property crimes

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
M. A. Zheludkov ◽  
V. N. Chernyshov ◽  
M. N. Kochetkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus

Currently, due to the rapid development of information technology, there is an urgent need to protect public relations of property from crimes committed in the intellectual rights area. The absence of conceptual apparatus consolidated in laws or supported by the scientific community complicates determination of interrelations between the concepts of “property”, “ownership”, “intellectual property” and “right of ownership,” which subsequently determines the classification of acts as different objects of protection under criminal law. The article examines the complex of topical issues related to the protection against crimes in the field of intellectual property in Russia, the analysis of the ratio of crimes against property and crimes affecting intellectual property, the study of the features of the objects protected under criminal law.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Produk Indikasi Geografis dari Tindakan Peniruan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Tresna Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Empirical Law

Legal protection of Geographical Indications is necessary to determine whether there are communal or collective people. The communal community character means to belong to the community in the registered Geographical Indication area. This study aims to analyze legal certainty as well as the legal protection of product geographical indications of imitation actions. This research uses empirical law research method. In this case, the authors find that the TRIPs Agreement (Trade-related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) and the act no 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications are terms used to register. Perlindungan hukum terhadap Indikasi Geografis sangat perlu di perhatikan karena karakter kepemilikannya yang kolektif atau komunal. Karakter kepemilikan yang komunal memiliki arti menjadi milik bersama semua masyarakat dalam wilayah Indikasi Geografis yang telah didaftarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hukum produk indikasi geografis dari tindakan peniruan. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menemukan bahwa TRIPs Agreement (Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) dan Undang-Undang 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek Dan Indikasi Geografis mengatur secara khusus perlindungan bagi produk indikasi geografis yang telah didaftarkan.

scholarly journals Authors, Inventors and Entrepreneurs: Intellectual Property and Actors of Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fredriksson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
Cultural Expressions ◽  
Artistic Works ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe ideas and ideals of authorship and the discourse on property rights that emerged in parallel since the 18thcentury have come to form the bedrock of copyright law. Critical copyright scholars argue that this construction of authorship and ownership contributes to individualisation and privatisation of artistic works that disregards the collective aspects of creativity. It also embodies a certain kind of authorial character-or “author function” as Michel Foucault puts it-imbued with racial and gendered powers and privileges. While the gendered and racialised biases of intellectual property rights are well documented within copyright research, the commodification of ideas and cultural expressions relies on individualisation of creativity that is significant not only to the cultural economy but also to the 20th-century notion of the entrepreneur as the protagonist of capitalism. This article relates the idea of the entrepreneur to the deconstruction of authorship that was initiated by Foucault and Roland Barthes in the late 1960s, and the critique of an author-centred IPR regime developed by law scholars in the 1990s. It asks if and how the deconstruction of the author as a cultural and ideological persona that underpins the privatisation of immaterial resources can help us understand the construction and function of the entrepreneur in extractive capitalism.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Systems-Aided News and Copyright: Assessing Legal Implications for Journalism Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Javier Díaz-Noci
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

Automated news, or artificial intelligence systems (AIS)-aided production of news items, has been developed from 2010 onwards. It comprises a variety of practices in which the use of data, software and human intervention is involved in diverse degrees. This can affect the application of intellectual property and copyright law in many ways. Using comparative legal methods, we examine the implications of them for some legal categories, such as authorship (and hence required originality) and types of works, namely collaborative, derivative and, most especially, collective works. Sui generis and neighboring rights are also considered for examination as being appliable to AIS-aided news outputs. Our main conclusion is that the economics intellectual property rights are guaranteed in any case through collective works. We propose a shorter term of duration before entering public domain. Still, there is a place for more authorial, personal rights. It shows, however, more difficulty when coming to moral rights, especially in Common Law countries.

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