scholarly journals Bio-oil blended butanol as a fuel to the spark ignition internal combustion reciprocating engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Mariusz CHWIST ◽  
Stanisław SZWAJA ◽  
Karol GRAB-ROGALIŃSKI ◽  
Michał PYRC
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Bio Oil

The article presents results on combustion of the bio-oil blended butanol in the spark ignition engine. Bio-oil is a mixture of hydro-carbons condensing to liquified phase while cooling it down to ambient temperature. In general, the liquid called bio-oil is a byproduct of the pyrolysis process of organic matter. Results from analysis presented in the manuscript include the following: in-cylinder pressure traces and toxic exhaust emissions. Finally, comparison of these results with results from combustion of n-butanol reference fuel were provided. Obtained results indicate satisfactory, eco-friendly possibility for utilization of bio-oil in the internal combustion engine

3D CFD Simulations of Hydrogen Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh D. Adgulkar ◽  
N. V. Deshpande ◽  
S. B. Thombre ◽  
I. K. Chopde
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Flame Speed ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Turbulent Flame Speed ◽  
Combustion Of Hydrogen

By supporting hydrogen as an alternative fuel to the conventional fuel i.e. gasoline, new era of renewable and carbon neutral energy resources can be introduced. Hence, development of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine for improved power density and less emission of NOx has become today’s need and researchers are continuously extending their efforts in the improvement of hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine. In this work, three dimensional CFD simulations were performed using CFD code (AVL FIRE) for premixed combustion of hydrogen. The simplified 3D geometry of engine with single valve i.e. inlet valve was considered for the simulation. Various combustion models for spark ignition for hydrogen i.e. Eddy Breakup model, Turbulent Flame Speed Closure Combustion Model, Coherent Flame model, Probability Density Function model were tested and validated with available simulation results. Results obtained in simulation indicate that the properties of hydrogen i.e. high flame speed, wide flammability limit, and high ignition temperature are among the main influencing factors for hydrogen combustion being different than that of gasoline. Different parameters i.e. spark advance angle (TDC to 40° before TDC in the step of 5°), rotational speed (1200 to 3000 rpm in the step of 300 rpm), equivalence ratio (0.5 to 1.2 in the step of 0.1), and compression ratio (8, 9 and 10) were used to simulate the combustion of hydrogen in spark ignition engine and to investigate their effects on the engine performance, which is in terms of pressure distribution, temperature distribution, species mass fraction, reaction progress variable and rate of heat release for complete cycle. The results of power output for hydrogen were also compared with that of gasoline. It has been observed that power output for hydrogen is almost 12–15% less than that of gasoline.

scholarly journals Development of a Computationally Efficient Tabulated Chemistry Solver for Internal Combustion Engine Optimization Using Stochastic Reactor Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8979
Author(s):  
Andrea Matrisciano ◽  
Tim Franken ◽  
Laura Catalina Gonzales Mestre ◽  
Anders Borg ◽  
Fabian Mauss
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Progress Variable ◽  
Tabulated Chemistry ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Reactor Models

The use of chemical kinetic mechanisms in computer aided engineering tools for internal combustion engine simulations is of high importance for studying and predicting pollutant formation of conventional and alternative fuels. However, usage of complex reaction schemes is accompanied by high computational cost in 0-D, 1-D and 3-D computational fluid dynamics frameworks. The present work aims to address this challenge and allow broader deployment of detailed chemistry-based simulations, such as in multi-objective engine optimization campaigns. A fast-running tabulated chemistry solver coupled to a 0-D probability density function-based approach for the modelling of compression and spark ignition engine combustion is proposed. A stochastic reactor engine model has been extended with a progress variable-based framework, allowing the use of pre-calculated auto-ignition tables instead of solving the chemical reactions on-the-fly. As a first validation step, the tabulated chemistry-based solver is assessed against the online chemistry solver under constant pressure reactor conditions. Secondly, performance and accuracy targets of the progress variable-based solver are verified using stochastic reactor models under compression and spark ignition engine conditions. Detailed multicomponent mechanisms comprising up to 475 species are employed in both the tabulated and online chemistry simulation campaigns. The proposed progress variable-based solver proved to be in good agreement with the detailed online chemistry one in terms of combustion performance as well as engine-out emission predictions (CO, CO2, NO and unburned hydrocarbons). Concerning computational performances, the newly proposed solver delivers remarkable speed-ups (up to four orders of magnitude) when compared to the online chemistry simulations. In turn, the new solver allows the stochastic reactor model to be computationally competitive with much lower order modeling approaches (i.e., Vibe-based models). It also makes the stochastic reactor model a feasible computer aided engineering framework of choice for multi-objective engine optimization campaigns.

scholarly journals The impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic substances in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Mieczysław DZIUBIŃSKI ◽  
Ewa SIEMIONEK ◽  
Artur DROZD ◽  
Michał ŚCIRKA ◽  
Adam KISZCZAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of ignition system damage on the emission of toxic subcategories in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine. The aim of the work was to develop an analytical model of ignition system diagnostics, test performance and comparative analysis of the results of simulations and experiments. The model developed allows to analyse the basic parameters of the ignition system affecting the content of toxic substances in the exhaust. Experimental tests were carried out using the MAHA MGT5 exhaust gas analyser for four different combustion engines fueled with petrol at various operating conditions. During the tests, the content of toxic substances in the exhaust gas of a properly working engine and the engine working with damage to the ignition system were registered. The tests will be used to assess the impact of the damage of the spark-ignition engine on the emission of individual components of toxic fumes.

scholarly journals Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fed with Butanol–Glycerol Blend

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6473
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Szwaja ◽  
Michal Gruca ◽  
Michal Pyrc ◽  
Romualdas Juknelevičius
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure

Investigation of a new type of fuel for the internal combustion engine, which can be successfully used in both the power generation and the automotive industries, is presented in this article. The proposed fuel is a blend of 75% n-butanol and 25% glycerol. The engine tests conducted with this glycerol–butanol blend were focused on the performance, combustion thermodynamics, and exhaust emissions of a spark-ignition engine. A comparative analysis was performed to find potential similarities and differences in the engine fueled with gasoline 95 and the proposed glycerol–butanol blend. As measured, CO exhaust emissions increased, NOx emissions decreased, and UHC emissions were unchanged for the glycerol–butanol blend when compared to the test with sole gasoline. As regards the engine performance and combustion progress, no significant differences were observed. Exhaust temperature remarkably decreased by 3.4%, which contributed to an increase in the indicated mean effective pressure by approximately 4% compared to gasoline 95. To summarize, the proposed glycerol–butanol blend can be directly used as a replacement for gasoline in internal combustion spark-ignition engines.

A Learning Algorithm for Optimal Internal Combustion Engine Calibration in Real Time

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas A. Malikopoulos ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Calibration

Advanced internal combustion engine technologies have increased the number of accessible variables of an engine and our ability to control them. The optimal values of these variables are designated during engine calibration by means of a static correlation between the controllable variables and the corresponding steady-state engine operating points. While the engine is running, these correlations are being interpolated to provide values of the controllable variables for each operating point. These values are controlled by the electronic control unit to achieve desirable engine performance, for example in fuel economy, pollutant emissions, and engine acceleration. The state-of-the-art engine calibration cannot guarantee continuously optimal engine operation for the entire operating domain, especially in transient cases encountered in driving styles of different drivers. This paper presents the theoretical basis and algorithmic implementation for allowing the engine to learn the optimal set values of accessible variables in real time while running a vehicle. Through this new approach, the engine progressively perceives the driver’s driving style and eventually learns to operate in a manner that optimizes specified performance indices. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through simulation of a spark ignition engine, which learns to optimize fuel economy with respect to spark ignition timing, while it is running a vehicle.

Improvement in Lean Homogenous Spark-Ignition Combustion With Pulsed Energy Spark Plug

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Jacobs ◽  
Louis J. Camilli ◽  
Joseph E. Gonnella
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Lean Mixtures ◽  
Burn Rate

This article describes a study involving new spark plug technology, referred to as pulsed energy spark plug, for use in igniting fuel-air mixtures in a spark ignition internal combustion engine. The study involves precisely controlled constant volume combustion bomb tests. The major defining difference between the pulsed energy spark plug and a conventional spark plug is a peaking capacitor that improves the electrical-to-plasma energy transfer efficiency from a conventional plug’s 1% to the pulsed energy plug’s 50%. Such an increase in transfer efficiency is believed to improve spark energy and subsequently the ignition time and burn rate of a homogeneous, or potentially stratified, fuel-air mixture. The study observes the pulsed energy plug to shorten the ignition delay of both stoichiometric and lean mixtures (with equivalence ratio of 0.8), relative to a conventional spark plug, without increasing the burn rate. Additionally, the pulsed energy plug demonstrates a decreased lean flammability limit that is about 14% lower (0.76 for conventional plug and 0.65 for pulsed energy plug) than that of the conventional spark plug. These features — advanced ignition of stoichiometric and lean mixtures and decreased lean flammability limits — might qualify the pulsed energy plugs as an enabling technology to effect the mainstream deployment of advanced, ultra-clean and ultra-efficient, spark ignition internal combustion engines. For example, the pulsed energy plug may improve ignition of stratified-GDI engines. Further, the pulsed energy plug technology may improve the attainability of lean-burn homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion by improving the capabilities of spark-assist. Finally, the pulsed energy plug could improve natural gas spark ignition engine development by improving the ignition system. Future work could center efforts on evaluating this spark plug technology in the context of advanced internal combustion engines, to transition the state of the art to the next level.

Reconstruction of Indicated Pressure Waveform in a Spark-Ignition Engine From Block Vibration Measurements

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Azzoni
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Vibration Sensor ◽  
Pressure Waveform ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Knock Detection ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
On Line

Knowledge of the pressure waveform in each cylinder of a spark-ignition engine may provide useful diagnostic information concerning engine operation. This paper presents a method for the reconstruction of the indicated pressure waveform for each cylinder of a multicylinder internal combustion engine using engine block vibration signals. The method permits the reconstruction of the cylinder pressure waveform, cycle by cycle, during free accelerations. The procedure has good potential for application in end-of-assembly diagnostic tests, using a noncontacting laser velocimeter. The same signal processing method may be applicable on-board an automobile to perform an on-line cylinder-by-cylinder diagnostics, using the same vibration sensor used for knock detection in many production vehicles.

The Destruction of Exergy During the Combustion Process for a Spark-Ignition Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Caton
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Wide Range

The second law of thermodynamics provides the mechanism for assessing the quality of energy. The non-conserved property used for this assessment is called exergy, availability or available energy. For the internal combustion engine, the exergy of the fuel is distributed among work, heat transfer, exhaust, and is destroyed by several processes. The major destruction of exergy for the internal combustion engine is during the combustion process. This paper documents this destruction for a wide range of engine operating parameters, design parameters, and fuels. A 5.7 liter, spark ignition, automotive engine was selected for this study. Operating parameters that were examined included equivalence ratio, speed, load and spark timing. Design parameters that were examined included compression ratio, expansion ratio and the use of turbocharging. Combustion parameters and oxidizer were examined as well. The fuels examined included isooctane (base), methane, propane, hexane, methanol, ethanol, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. For the part load base case (1400 rpm and a bmep of 325 kPa) using isooctane, the destruction of exergy was 21% of the fuel exergy. For many of the engine operating and design parameters, this destruction was relatively constant (between about 20 and 23%). The parameters that resulted in the greatest change of the exergy destruction were (1) exhaust gas recirculation, and (2) inlet oxygen concentration. In general, the amount of the destruction of exergy during the combustion processes was associated with the level of the combustion temperatures.

scholarly journals Performance and Emissions Analysis of N-Butanol Blended with Gasoline in Spark Ignition Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman A ◽  
Adisa A. B. ◽  
Dandakouta H.
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The power developed by an internal-combustion engine depends upon the fuel used for combustion. Fuels commonly used in internal combustion engines are derived from crude oil, which are depleting and are important sources of air pollution. In this study, n-butanol was used as an additive with gasoline as fuel in spark ignition engine. N-butanol exhibits good burning characteristics, contain oxygen, reduces some exhaust emissions and as well, has energy density and octane rating close to that of gasoline. The various blend rates (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 percent by volume) were used in the engine performance analysis using a TD110-115 single cylinder, four-stroke air-cooled spark ignition engine test rig, under different loading conditions. An SV-5Q automobile exhausts gas analyzer was used to measure the concentration of gaseous emissions such as unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the engine tail pipe. The results of engine performance showed reduction in the exhaust temperature was observed for the blends than to that of gasoline. It was observed that all the blends improved the brake thermal efficiency and exhibited high fuel consumption, lower specific energy consumption and lower emissions than gasoline. All the blends performed satisfactorily on spark-ignition engine without engine modification.

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