scholarly journals BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF SOME ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES AGAINSTSTELIDOTA GEMINATA (SAY)

Redia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
NIKOLA GRUJIĆ ◽  
BRANIMIR NJEŽIĆ ◽  
ALEXANDROS SOTIRIOS ANIFANTIS ◽  
EUSTACHIO TARASCO
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Sap Beetle ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Native Strains

Stelidotageminata(Say)(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), also known as strawberry sap beetle is considered to be serious pest of strawberry worldwide. Allstages of this pest feed on ripe fruitswhichmakes its control with chemical insecticides extremely difficult. This work was testingsusceptibility of last instar larvae of S. geminatato three, among commerciallythe most commonly used species of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditisbacteriophora, Stei-nernemacarpocapsaeand Steinernemafeltiae(Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae), including two native strains. The present work was carried out through two typesof the experiments.First experiment was in plastic Petri dishes with the nematodes applied on filter paper. Second one, in attemptto approachto more natural conditions, effect of the entomopathogenic nematodes on insect’smortality was tested in containers filled with sand.Mortality of S. geminatalarvae in Petri dishes in highest nematode concentrations of about 100 infective juveniles per cm2was 90%,82% and 70% for commercial strains of S. carpocapsae, H. bacteriophoraand S. feltiaeand 76% and 64% for H. bacteriophoraand S. feltiae native populations. In containers with sand mortality was higherthan in Petri dishesand the highestrecorded insect mortality with about 50nematodes per cm2was99.5%, 89%, 75.5%, 69% and 66% with commercial strainsS. feltiae,S. carpocapsaeand H. bacteriophora, and native strains H. bacteriophora andS. feltiae,respectively

scholarly journals (365) Susceptibility of Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae to Entomopathogenic Nematodes Steinernema (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025D-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Judith Hueso ◽  
Jaime Molina-Ochoa ◽  
Jalil Fallad-Chávez ◽  
Roberto Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez ◽  
Marilú López-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Petri Dishes

Scyphophorus acupunctatus is the main pest of Agave tequilana. Its adults are vectors of Erwinia carotovora, which causes plant destruction. The susceptibility of S. acupunctatus larvae to various strains of entomopathogenic nematodes has been demonstrated previously (Molina et al., 2004). In the current paper, the use of seven different concentrations: 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500, of infected juveniles per larva in petri dishes containing a filter paper against Steinernema carpocapsae strains All, Ca, and Fl, and also against native insolated N1, N2, N4, belonging to the genera Steinernema sp. The studies were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the susceptibility of S. acupunctatus larvae to entomopathogenic nematodes. One hundred percent mortality of S. acupunctatus larvae was achieved by S. carpocapsae strains All, Ca, and Fl with exposure to 100 infected juveniles. In the case of native isolates, N2 registered 95% mortality, and for N4 and N1, mortality registered was 75%. An analysis of variance was conducted in order to determine whether strain or isolate had the highest virulence against S. acupunctatus larvae. Means for S. acupunctatus larvae by entomopathogenic nematodes presented significant differences (F = 57.01; df = 55, 223; P < 0.0001), resulting in two levels. At the first level, S. carpocapsae All, Fl, and Ca are statistically the same as isolate N4. At the second level, the isolates N4 and N1 are statistically the same. The results indicate the high susceptibility of S. acupunctatus larvae. The infectivity of native isolates as well as S. carpocapsae strains All, Fl, and Ca are associated with the symbiotic bacterium Xenorharbdus sp., suggesting they have potential for use against S. acupunctatus larvae.

scholarly journals Reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae) on different insect hosts under laboratory conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
D. Sigareva ◽  
V. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Wax Moth

Goal. To identify the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae isolate with a biological product «Entonem» ™ Copert) on the larvae and adults of different insect pests at various ways of their infection, and to explore the possibility of generating a significant amount of the invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Research methods. The material for our study is the 7 types of test insects: larvae of the large and the small wax moth, castaneum flour, gyroscope, common cabbage butterfly, Kovalik pilosula, as well as the may beetle, which was used stage larvae, as well as individuals of adult beetles (imago). All the studied insects infected with EPN (pathogen — Steinernema feltiae with biopreparation «Entonem» (™Koppert)) in the laboratory on filter paper or in sterile soil. Recorded date of infection and death of insects and counted the number of allocated of each type of insect infective larvae of nematodes. Estimated duration of migration and reproductive potential of different test insects. Results. The use of different methods of infection (dry contact parasite and insect hosts on filter paper or by making a dose in sterile soil, which was placed insect-host) at a dose of 50 larvae per one insect, showed that in half of the cases a significant difference between them is not detected. However, castaneum flour, Kovalik pilosula and ordinary spinning top, the best was the method of contamination in the Petri dishes, and adults of the may beetle — in groundwater samples. The duration of the process of migration of larvae of the entomopathogenic nematodes from the cadavers of insect hosts ranged from 27—51 day and were more dependent on the insect host than from its method of infection. A short period of migration of the larvae of large and small wax moth (27—36 days), long (35—45) from larvae of a top common and castaneum flour, the longest period of time (48—51 hours) — larvae of cabbage butterflies and a beetle may. Performance in relation to the amount of the newly formed infective larvae determines the insect host. Among the investigated 7-insects-the home of highest performance was observed in the may beetle (115980—120060 larvae) and the cabbage (93440—97880 larvae). Less productive was the great wax moth, the flour castaneum and the grasshopper pelousy (respectively 26880 ± 420; 34500 ± 430; 32400 ± 673).Less productive are the common top, the May beetle (imago) and the small wax moth, in which from 15640 to 26880 invasive larvae were formed. Findings. In laboratory conditions, without significant material costs, you can get a sufficient number of entomopathogenic nematodes. The method of directly introducing entomopathogenic nematodes onto test insects in Petri dishes proved to be the best compared to soil invasion. The duration and volume of migration of larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes is determined mainly by the species of host insects. The shortest migration period was recorded in wax moth larvae (small and large), significantly longer (almost 1.5 times) in the larvae of May beetle and cabbage. The most productive in relation to juvenile larvae of EPN were the cabbage and the larvae of the May beetle, and the least productive ones were the common top, May beetle (imago) and small wax moth.

scholarly journals SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTLETS POPULUS × JRTYSCHENSIS CH. Y. YANG

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
B. V. Proshkin ◽  
A. V. Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Model Trees ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The research explores the seed productivity and plantlets growth in the free pollination of the natural hybrid taxon P. × jrtyschensis. Fruits of P. × jrtyschensis were selected from four plants that grow in the collection ofResearchCenter“EducationalBotanical Garden” ofKemerovoStateUniversity. Four P. nigra model trees, randomly selected from theTomRiverfloodplain population, were applied as a control group. The authors used 30 fruit-bearing amentumsfrom each model. The researchers measured set of fruit (capsule); number of ovules per fruit; number of seeds per fruit; set of seeds.. Laboratory germination was determined by sowing Petri dishes on wet filter paper. The authors found out sowing germination by sowing 100 seeds in a box with soil and drainage. The energy of germination was determined on the second day while germination - on the fifth day. P. × jrtyschensis is characterized by a lower level of seed productivity (15-30%) compared to P. nigra. In terms of laboratory germination of seeds, the descendants of hybrids surpassed many P. nigra models, but their soil germination was 20-30% lower than that of black poplar. The observed variability in reproductive indices of both P. × jrtyschensis and P. nigra is mainly caused by specific features of their genotypes. Plantlets being developed, the authors observed no significant differences among the descendants of P. nigra and hybrids. The researchers highlighted plantlets that can stop growing and even more abnormal plants with one, three or four seeds in P. × jrtyschensis. This may be caused by underdevelopment of hypocotyl or germ root. The authors observed breaches in development of P. nigra just once. They outline high plantlets destruction when sowing hybrids on the first day after germination The share of destructed plants within a month (from the beginning of the experiment) reaches 66,0 %, and in P. nigra it does not exceed 40,0 %.

scholarly journals Apple, Insecticide DIP Test (Tabm vs. Insecticides), 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-369
Author(s):  
R. L. Horsburgh ◽  
J. R. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
The Third ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Dip Test

Abstract A large commercial apple grower reported failure in attempts to control TABM with airblast applications of Penncap M (2 pt/acre) combined with methomyl (3 pt/acre). At the time of the grower applications larval hatch had begun and most larvae were in the first or second instar. By the time larvae were entering the third instar (10 days after spray application) it was apparent that commercially acceptable control had not been achieved. In 1992 this grower also had poor control when Penncap M was applied to suppress redbanded leafroller and experiments showed that tolerance of Penncap M was present in the resident RBLR population (Horsburgh et al. 1992). This laboratory bioassay was begun on 3 Sep to determine tolerance of the TABM population to Penncap M and other insecticides. Seven treatments (including a water control) were selected and rates calculated on the basis of 300 gal of spray being applied per acre. The appropriate dosage of pesticide for each treatment was mixed with 1 gallon of 77°F water in clean 1 gallon battery jars. Twenty plastic petri dishes containing moistened filter paper were prepared and served as individual cages for twenty 3rd instars per treatment. The larvae, on single leaves, were immersed in the appropriate solutions for five seconds and the leaf placed on the moist filter paper. The petri dish cover was put in place and the cages held at room temperature (80°F) for the duration of the test. All larvae were examined at 24 hour intervals and mortality was recorded. Death of larvae was assumed when no movement was observed when the larvae were gently prodded with a blunt steel probe.

Biological control of ticks

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S389-S403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAMISH ◽  
H. GINSBERG ◽  
I. GLAZER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Production Strategies ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Selection Of

Ticks have numerous natural enemies, but only a few species have been evaluated as tick biocontrol agents (BCAs). Some laboratory results suggest that several bacteria are pathogenic to ticks, but their mode of action and their potential value as biocontrol agents remain to be determined. The most promising entomopathogenic fungi appear to be Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, strains of which are already commercially available for the control of some pests. Development of effective formulations is critical for tick management. Entomopathogenic nematodes that are pathogenic to ticks can potentially control ticks, but improved formulations and selection of novel nematode strains are needed. Parasitoid wasps of the genus Ixodiphagus do not typically control ticks under natural conditions, but inundative releases show potential value. Most predators of ticks are generalists, with a limited potential for tick management (one possible exception is oxpeckers in Africa). Biological control is likely to play a substantial role in future IPM programmes for ticks because of the diversity of taxa that show high potential as tick BCAs. Considerable research is required to select appropriate strains, develop them as BCAs, establish their effectiveness, and devise production strategies to bring them to practical use.

scholarly journals Infection and reinfection of Stomoxys calcitrans larvae (Diptera: Muscidae) by entomopathogenic nematodes in different times of exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Américo de Castro Monteiro Sobrinho ◽  
Isadora Luiza Alves Costa ◽  
Graziele Calixto Souza ◽  
Luís Carlos de Souza Rodrigues Leal ◽  
João Luiz Lopes Monteiro Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Fly Larvae

Abstract Stomoxys calcitrans is a hematophagous dipteran. Several agents are used in biological control, including entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). Bioassay I involved an evaluation of the effect of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 and Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 on S. calcitrans larvae in different periods of exposure. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added, which were divided into groups according to the exposure times of 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The purpose of Bioassay II was to evaluate the efficacy of the EPNs in infecting S. calcitrans larvae when they were isolated from stable fly larvae in Bioassay I. Groups of 10 larvae were placed in Petri dishes and 200 EPNs/larva were added. In bioassay I, H. bacteriophora caused mortality rates of 51.7, 83.3 and 91.7% in 12, 24 and 48 hours, respectively, while H. baujardi caused mortality rates of 9.3 (12h), 35 (24h) and 35% (48h). In Bioassay II, H. bacteriophora and H. baujardi resulted in mortality rates of 35% and 25%, respectively. It was concluded that the longest exposure times presented the highest larval mortality and that EPNs isolated from S. calcitrans are not efficient in controlling the larvae fly.

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