HAPLOTYPE DIVERSITY OF STEINERNEMA FELTIAE (NEMATODA: STEINERNEMATIDAE) IN EURASIA

Phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae Filipjev, 1934 (Wouts, Mráček, Gerdin and Bedding, 1982) was used to infer intraspecific genetic variability of this rhabditid nematode. Nucleotide intraspecific differences among S. feltiae isolates reached the level of 19 base pairs per ITS rDNA region, i.e. up to 2.9%. Several weakly or moderately supported intraspecific clades were detected. Sicilian and Swiss isolates of S. feltiae were found clustering together. Swiss strain ‘St. Bernard’ has been isolated on the St. Bernardino mountain pass in Switzerland in 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among S. feltiae isolates were inferred by using three different methods (maximum parsimony, neighbor joining and maximum likelihood). The topologies of the phylogenetic trees were identical and thus only ML tree is presented. ML tree revealed that S. feltiae isolates from Israel and Armenia grouped at the basal position of the tree, while in the spanning network obtained with POPART software, Iranian and Ukrainian isolates were the closest to the outgroup. In all methods of analyses, the European and Siberian strains of S. feltiae occupied terminal positions. Thus, further studies on the intraspecific genetic variability of entomopathogenic nematodes is needed.

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Phylogenetic Relations of Rhizoplaca Zopf. from Anatolia Inferred from ITS Sequence Data

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2006-5-617 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (5-6) ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Demet Cansaran ◽

Sümer Aras ◽

İrfan Kandemir ◽

Gökhan Halıcı

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Volcanic Rocks ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Its Sequence ◽

Phylogenetic Relations ◽

Rdna Sequences

Like many lichen-forming fungi, species of the genus Rhizoplaca have wide geographical distributions, but studies of their genetic variability are limited. The information about the ITS rDNA sequences of three species of Rhizoplaca from Anatolia was generated and aligned with other species from other countries and also with the data belonging to Lecanora species. The examined species were collected from the volcanic rocks of Mount Erciyes which is located in the middle of Anatolia (Turkey). The sequence data aligned with eight other samples of Rhizoplaca and six different species of Lecanora were obtained from GenBank. The results support the concept maintained by Arup and Grube (2000) that Rhizoplaca may not be a genus separate from Lecanora. According to the phylogenetic tree, Rhizoplaca melanopthalma from Turkey with two different samples of R. melanopthalma from Arizona (AF159929, AF159934) and a sample from Austria formed a group under the same branch. R. peltata and R. chrysoleuca samples from Anatolia located in two other branches of the tree formed sister groups with the samples of the same species from different countries. Although R. peltata remained on the same branch with other samples of the same species from other countries it was placed in a different branch within the group. When the three species from Anatolia were considered alone, it was noticed that Rhizoplaca melanopthalma and Rhizoplaca peltata are phylogenetically closer to each other than Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca; the morphological characteristics also support this result.

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A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema colombiense n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), from Colombia

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108784513879 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 561-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Juan Carlos López-Núñez ◽

Kathryn Plichta ◽

Carmenza E. Góngora-Botero ◽

S. Patricia Stock

Keyword(s):

Excretory Pore ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Tail Length ◽

Rdna Sequence ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Infective Juvenile ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Rdna Sequence Data

Abstract A new entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema colombiense n. sp., is described from Colombia. Morphological, molecular (28S and ITS rDNA sequence data) and cross-hybridisation studies were used for diagnostics and identification purposes. In addition, 28S and ITS rDNA sequence data were used to assess evolutionary relationships of the new species with other Steinernema spp. Morphological diagnostic features for S. colombiense n. sp. include morphometric features of the third-stage infective juvenile, including body length of 636 (549-732) μm, narrow body diam. (31 (22-36) μm), position of the excretory pore (35 (31-40) μm), tail length (41 (32-53) μm), D% = 29 (25-33) and E% = 205 (138-284). In addition, males of first and second generations are characterised by the morphology of the spicules and gubernaculum, the number and arrangement of the genital papillae and the excretory pore position (at 67 (56-76) and 54 (46-63) μm, for first and second generations, respectively). In addition to these traits, 28S and ITS rDNA sequences analyses both showed this species to be a distinct and unique entity.

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Usnea nipparensis and U. sinensis form a ‘species pair ’ presuming morphological, chemical and molecular phylogenetic data

Plant and Fungal Systematics ◽

10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0023 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 265-271

Author(s):

Yoshihito Ohmura

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Species Pair ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Data ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Data

Phylogenetic relationships between Usnea nipparensis and U. sinensis, caperatic acid containing Usnea species, were examined based on ITS rDNA, and the phylogenetic position of U. nipparensis was inferred based on multi-locus gene analysis using ITS rDNA, nuLSU, and MCM7. Although U. nipparensis and U. sinensis have a sorediate and an esorediate shrubby thallus, respectively, and in general look quite different, other detailed morphological and chemical features are similar. Analysis of the ITS rDNA sequences suggests their close relationship, but also confirms the independence of both species, and that they most likely form a ‘species pair’ based on morphological, chemical and molecular phylogenetic data. Phylogenetic trees based on both multi-locus gene and ITS rDNA alone strongly support that U. nipparensis and U. angulata belong to the same clade.

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Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of higher termite Globitermes sulphureus (Haviland)(Blattodea:Termitidae)

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v68i2.5911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 5911

Author(s):

Nurul Akmar Hussin ◽

Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Relationship ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Evolutionary Genetics ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Geographic Isolation ◽

Neutral Genetic Diversity ◽

Coii Gene ◽

Relationship Of

The subterranean higher termite Globitermes sulphureus (Blattodea: Termitidae), is a peridomestic forager and regarded as a significant pest in Southeast Asia. In this study, the populations of G. sulphureus from the USM main campus area were investigated based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial COII gene. The genetic diversity was determined using DnaSP v5 software while the phylogenetic relationship was defined using Neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA 7) software. A total of 2 haplotypes were detected among the 5 sample sequences that differed by two variable sites. In addition, both phylogenetic trees gave similar topology and supporting the results from haplotype diversity. Based on the haplotype diversity and molecular phylogeny, it is proposed that geographic isolation and lack of human activities have contributed to the neutral genetic diversity of G. sulphureus.

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Genetic variability in the Physconia muscigena group (Physciaceae, Ascomycota) in the Northern Hemisphere

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282920000134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 305-317

Author(s):

Jakub Starosta ◽

David Svoboda

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Different Populations ◽

Multiple Species

AbstractThe principal goal of our study was to test whether ecologically and chemically different populations of lichens in the Physconia muscigena group belong to a single, or multiple, species. We used sequence data from three markers (ITS rDNA, mtSSU rDNA and TEF1-α) for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on a sampling of mostly European and Canadian populations of P. muscigena (Ach.) Poelt, P. muscigena var. bayeri (Nádv.) Poelt and P. isidiomuscigena Essl. In addition, we sought any possible geographical or ecological trends among chemotypes and haplotypes. Results show that: 1) sequence data of ITS rDNA and TEF1-α show large genetic variation in the Physconia muscigena group, which does not correlate with geographical distribution or thallus chemistry; 2) Physconia muscigena var. bayeri and P. isidiomuscigena appear undifferentiated with P. muscigena in our phylogenetic trees, and the three species cannot be distinguished on the basis of ITS rDNA, mtSSU rDNA and TEF1-α sequences. We therefore synonymized Physconia muscigena var. bayeri with P. muscigena and we recombine P. isidiomuscigena as a variety of P. muscigena.

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Romanian cyprinids phylogeny based on 16S ARN mitochondrial genes

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0702405l ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽

pp. 405-411

Author(s):

C. Luca ◽

S. Kevorkian ◽

M. Elvira ◽

A. Dinischiotu ◽

M. Costache

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Genome Structure ◽

Mitochondrial Genes ◽

Model System ◽

Neighbor Joining ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Misgurnus Fossilis

The vertebrate mitochondrial genome has been an important model system for studying molecular evolution, organism phylogeny, and genome structure. Phylogenetic relatioships were inferred from analysis of 570 base pairs (bp) of mithocondrial DNA (mtDNA), representing a conserved region of 16S rRNA. We sequenced 13 cyprinids species and one putative outgroup (Misgurnus fossilis) from Romania. Based upon nucleotide sequence comparisons of cyprinid mitochondrial 16SRNA genes, we established the phylogenetic relationships between analyzed species. The phylogenetic trees obtained by two different methods (neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony) have the same topology and show that most species examined have supported the traditional division of the Cyprinidae into two subfamilies: Cyprininae and Leuciscinae.

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Steinernema silvaticum sp. n. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Europe

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541054879629 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 227-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sergei Spiridonov ◽

Dieter Sturhan ◽

Zdeněk Mráček

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Tail Length ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Its Rdna ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Ca 50 ◽

The Uk ◽

High Level

AbstractSteinernema silvaticum sp. n. is described from woodland soil near Berlin, Germany. The species is quite common in European woodlands, being found in forest soil all over Germany, in Belgium, the Czech Republic, The Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. It was previously reported as Steinernema sp. 'B' in Germany and the Czech Republic, and as Steinernema sp. 'B3' in UK, Belgian and Dutch surveys. Third-stage infective juveniles are mainly characterised by a straight body of medium length (means = 700–900 μm), lateral fields with eight equal ridges (with appearance of nine parallel, equally spaced lines under light microscope), rather broad, flatly rounded and continuous cephalic region, excretory pore at level of mid-pharynx and average hyaline tail portion constituting ca half total tail length; males with mucronate tail, yellowish spicules of ca 50 μm length and wide manubria; females with short conoid tail with pointed non-mucronate tip. According to the ITS rDNA sequences, S. silvaticum sp. n. belongs to the 'feltiae-kraussei-oregonense' group of Steinernema species, although it is closest to S. kraussei. The new species shows a high level of nucleotide differences in ITS rDNA sequences from other steinernematid species and can be easily distinguished from S. kraussei, S. feltiae, S. oregonense, S. weiseri and S. jollieti by morphological characters of the infective juveniles and males.

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Population Genetic Structure Analysis Reveals Decreased but Moderate Diversity for the Oriental Fire-Bellied Toad Introduced to Beijing after 90 Years of Independent Evolution

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1429

Author(s):

Yang Teng ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Guofen Zhu ◽

Fuli Gao ◽

Yingying Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Source Population ◽

Independent Evolution ◽

Loop Region

Detailed molecular genetic research on amphibian populations has a significant role in understanding the genetic adaptability to local environments. The oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis) were artificially introduced to Beijing from Shandong Province in 1927, and since then, this separated population went through an independent evolution. To explore the differentiation of the introduced population with its original population, this study analyzed the genetic structure of the oriental fire-bellied toad, based on the mitochondrial genome control region and six microsatellite sites. The results showed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the mitochondrial D-loop region partial sequences of the Beijing Botanical Garden population and the Baiwangshan population were lower than those of the Shangdong Kunyushan population. Microsatellite marker analysis also showed that the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of the Beijing populations were lower than those of the Kunyushan population. The phylogenetic trees and network diagrams of haplotypes indicated that the three populations were not genetically separated. However, the structure analysis showed a genetic differentiation and categorized the sampling individuals into Beijing and Shandong genetic clusters, which indicated a tendency for isolated evolution in the Beijing population. Although the Beijing populations showed a decline in genetic diversity, it was still at a moderate level, which could maintain the survival of the population. Thus, there is no need to reintroduce new individuals from the Kunyushan source population.

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Genetic variability and demographic history of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Brazil inferred by mtDNA sequences

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485311000678 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 333-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

K.C. Albernaz ◽

K.L. Silva-Brandão ◽

P. Fresia ◽

F.L. Cônsoli ◽

C. Omoto

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Heliothis Virescens ◽

Demographic History ◽

Haplotype Diversity ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Haplotype Network ◽

Demographic Expansion ◽

Significant Genetic Structure ◽

History Of

AbstractIntra- and inter-population genetic variability and the demographic history of Heliothis virescens (F.) populations were evaluated by using mtDNA markers (coxI, coxII and nad6) with samples from the major cotton- and soybean-producing regions in Brazil in the growing seasons 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10. AMOVA indicated low and non-significant genetic structure, regardless of geographical scale, growing season or crop, with most of genetic variation occurring within populations. Clustering analyzes also indicated low genetic differentiation. The haplotype network obtained with combined datasets resulted in 35 haplotypes, with 28 exclusive occurrences, four of them sampled only from soybean fields. The minimum spanning network showed star-shaped structures typical of populations that underwent a recent demographic expansion. The recent expansion was supported by other demographic analyzes, such as the Bayesian skyline plot, the unimodal distribution of paired differences among mitochondrial sequences, and negative and significant values of neutrality tests for the Tajima's D and Fu's FS parameters. In addition, high values of haplotype diversity (Ĥ) and low values of nucleotide diversity (π), combined with a high number of low frequency haplotypes and values of θπ<θW, suggested a recent demographic expansion of H. virescens populations in Brazil. This demographic event could be responsible for the low genetic structure currently found; however, haplotypes present uniquely at the same geographic regions and from one specific host plant suggest an initial differentiation among H. virescens populations within Brazil.

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