scholarly journals Good Governance and Social polarization amongst Indian States and its Implication

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Rekha Sanjeev Acharya ◽  
Vishakha Shreesh Kutumbale
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Per Capita

Economists agree that governance is one of the critical factors explaining the divergence in performance across regions / countries.  Whenever any economy undergoes profound economic changes, it is implicitly presumed that the benefits of economic growth will automatically trickle down to poor and reduce income inequality across regions. As a result positive changes will be reflected in the form of increased employment opportunities, good standard of living and low rate of total economic crime and so on. As observed by the UNDP (1997) report that result of good governance is development that gives priority to poor, advances the cause of women, sustains the environment and creates needed opportunities for employment and other livelihoods. Therefore the phenomena of good governance are usually explained in the form of economic policies in decision making processes that must contribute to reduction in all types of inequalities across regions.On the contrary, studies on economic growth and development highlighted that the major problems of developing countries are unequal income distribution and low growth rate, which affects their welfare aspects.  Early works done by Anderson (1964) and Aaron (1967) showed that there was an inverse relationship between growth and income distribution. However, Kaufmann, et al. (1999a, 1999b, 2002) indicated a strong causal relationship running from good governance to an increasing level of per capita income and other social outcomes. Thus we see the concept of good Governance is multifaceted and encompasses different element of the state and the society. Our study shows that throughout the country although there has been an increase in per capita income (measured in terms of net state domestic product NSDP, over the decade (2000-2011) but the differences emerged in terms of increase in total economic crime and employment opportunities. With the help of Lorenz Curve, we have depicted significant inequality between income and total economic crime rate. Similarly, inequality also observed for per capita employment opportunity generation for all Indian states. The coefficient of variation for per capita income and per capita employment opportunity has increased by more than 10 per cent over the decade. Whereas for total economic crime, there has been a fall in coefficient of variation for more than 13 per cent which indicate that there has been consistency in total economic crime. Our study strongly advocates that Indian economic policies fail to translate its impact in the form of good governance because it has increased inequalities across Indian states.Key Words: Polarization, good governance, Economic Crime, NSDP, Lorenz Curve, inequalities

Public expenditure, economic growth and poverty alleviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritwik Sasmal ◽  
Joydeb Sasmal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of public expenditure on economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries like India. If poverty and inequality are high, the government may resort to distributive policies at the cost of long-term growth. The distributive policies and poverty alleviation measures fail to achieve success due to lack of good governance, lack of proper targeting and problems in the implementation of such schemes. On the other hand, if the nature of public expenditure is such that it enhances per capita income, it will help reduce poverty. Design/methodology/approach – After analytical digression and construction of hypotheses panel regression has been done using state-level data in the Indian context to empirically verify the above propositions. Both Fixed effects and Random effects models have been used for this purpose. Findings – The results show that in states where ratio of public expenditure on the development of infrastructure such as road, irrigation, power, transport and communication is higher, per capita income is also higher and incidence of poverty is lower indicating that economic growth is important for poverty alleviation and development of infrastructure is necessary for growth. Originality/value – This study demonstrates how public policy and public finance can be used as instruments for removal of poverty.

scholarly journals Decentralization and Its Impact on Growth in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-151
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andrade de Xavier ◽  
Aparna P. Lolayekar ◽  
Pranab Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Growth

We study the effect of revenue decentralization (RD) and expenditure decentralization (ED) on sub-national growth in India from 1981–1982 to 2015–2016 for 14 large (non-special-category) states. Our study provides evidence that both RD and ED play a defining role in India’s sub-national growth in this three-and-a-half-decade period. We use a panel data model with fixed effects (FE) and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors that control for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence. To test for causality between growth and decentralization, we use the Granger non-causality test. The regression analysis is supplemented with the distribution dynamics approach. We find that: (a) While decentralization Granger-caused economic growth, the reverse causality effect of growth on decentralization was not significant; (b) Economic growth increased significantly after liberalization; (c) Decentralization, capital expenditure and social expenditure had significant positive impacts on economic growth; and (d) States that had high levels of decentralization also had high levels of per capita income, while states that had low decentralization also exhibited low per capita income.

NON-LINEAR EFFECTS OF TERRORISM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAKISTAN: ACCOUNTING FOR CAPITAL PER WORKER AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1950014
Author(s):  
RONALD RAVINESH Kumar ◽  
SYED JAWAD HUSSAIN SHAHZAD ◽  
PETER JOSEF STAUVERMANN ◽  
NIKEEL Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Capital Share ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

In this study, we examine the asymmetric effects of terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan over the period 1970–2016, while considering the role of capital per worker and structural breaks. We use the non-linear ARDL approach to establish the long-run association and to estimate the short-run and long-run effects accordingly. The results indicate the presence of asymmetries in both long and short run. Moreover, 1% decrease in terrorism results in an increase of per capita income by 0.02% in the long run and 0.001% in the short run. Assuming symmetry, the long run capital share is 0.47. In asymmetric relation, a 1% increase in capital share increases output by 0.55%, whereas a 1% decrease in capital stock decreases output by 0.26%. The break effects show that the years 1993 and 2004 have negative effects on growth. The vector error correction model-based causality results indicate a unidirectional causality from terrorism to per capita income. Overall, the results highlight that terrorism is growth retarding.

Spatio-temporal variations in agricultural diversification in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ejaz Anwer ◽  
Bimal Kishore Sahoo ◽  
Simantini Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Purpose Agriculture diversification acts as income enhancing as well as distress mitigating strategy. India has witnessed rise in per-capita income which in turn has increased the demand for food particularly high-valued food items but agricultural production has failed to keep pace with the growing demand. The purpose of this paper is to examine spatio-temporal variations in agricultural diversification (AD) in India. Second, the authors try to identify the determinants of AD. Third, the authors examine the convergence hypothesis with reference to agriculture diversification across Indian states. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on the panel data constituting 20 major states of India during 1990–1991 to 2013–2014. It uses Simpson Diversification Index to measure AD. The heteroskedasticity-corrected panel regression model is applied to find out the determinants of AD. The fixed-effects model is used to examine β-convergence in AD across the sample states. Alternative time series models are applied to examine σ-convergence in AD. Findings The rising per-capita income and urbanization are driving dietary diversity towards high-valued crops and providing ample opportunity for AD. But poor and inadequate cold storage facility and rising cost of cultivation are posing major hindrance to it. Small land holding and road length have negatively influenced AD which is contrary to the traditional wisdom. The study found divergence in diversification and rising inequality in diversification. Research limitations/implications The study is based on secondary data. A primary study to complement this could have been better. It is only based on one country. Social implications Food inflation has serious adverse effect on the society at large. It is necessary to promote AD for controlling food price inflation. Minimum support price provided by the government should be extended to all crops; otherwise, it will fuel inflation. Given the fact fragmentation of land holding is adversely affecting AD, community based farming and consolidation of farm land should be the way forward to improve farmers’ income as well as reduce risk. Originality/value To best of the authors’ study, this is the first study that examines determinants of AD and convergence in AD during the high growth period of India.

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MAJOR INDIAN STATES

Paradigm ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
P.V. Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Parts

Infrastructure bottlenecks may impose severe constraints on the process of economic development in India. The pattern of infrastructure development has not been uniform in different parts of the country. In this paper an attempt is made to study the extent of disparities that exist in infrastructure development in major states in India. It has been found that States with higher per capita income are also the ones where better progress has been achieved in infrastructure development.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON INEQUALITY IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Furqan Ali ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The rate of economic growth in India fluctuates with the world economic scenario. The developed countries being economically stable and highly advanced by technology, like U.S.A, France, Germany, Japan, and China faced the problem of economic crises. At the same time, the world comes to fluctuate their efficiency and empowerment to the leadership engagement in stabilizing the economy. In this paper, data taken from the Indian States as per capita income at the state level and compare it with all India average data. The Net State Domestic Product Per Capita Income (NSDPPCI), had taken on a current price for the short period 2011-2012 to 2016-2017. This paper compared the regional variation in state performance and compared the most riches states to inferior ones. The factors which affect economic performance are like stabilize the political stability in the state. We also focus comparison on the different political party announcements of the welfare scheme for the farmers and other poor people living in these states. Another factor like the level of education at states and center level, total population, and its growth rate, the public expenditure on the health sector. We measure income inequality, income distribution with the economic growth of India. KEYWORDS: Economic Growth; Inequality; Income Distribution; Political Stability.

scholarly journals UKURAN PASAR UKURAN PASAR (Market Size) DAN INVESTASI ASING LANGSUNG DI ASEAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Adi Lumadya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Per Capita

The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of some economic variables that include market size proxied with income per capita, economic growth, and exports to the Foreign Direct Investment in the member countries of ASEAN-9. The analytical tool used is the Least Squares Regression (Ordinary Least Square) and Panel Data. In the Data Panel will look for similarities in effect is Fixed (Fixed Effect) and the effect is Random (Random Effect). The results of the analysis are: Based on the analysis of OLS concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with Per Capita Income (GDPP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment. Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Fixed Effect Method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were represented with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment. Based on the analysis of Panel Data with Random Effect method concluded that the variable size of the market (market size) were proxied with per capita income (GDP), Economic Growth (EG), and exports (EG) significantly affects the Direct Foreign Investment. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Fixed Effect, Random Effect

Economic Growth in France and Britain, 1830–1910: A Review of the Evidence

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. R. Crafts
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Unusual Pattern ◽  
Per Capita

Recent revisionist treatments of nineteenth-century French economic growth are examined and reveal that the pattern of economic growth in France was indeed substantially different from the unusual pattern in Great Britain. Labor productivity in French industry was probably lower than in Britain, contrary to the claims of O'Brien and Keyder, and neither growth of per capita income nor the level of income in France in 1910 was remarkable. The article thus supports a position between that of early writers and that of the recent revisionists.

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