scholarly journals ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON INEQUALITY IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Furqan Ali ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

The rate of economic growth in India fluctuates with the world economic scenario. The developed countries being economically stable and highly advanced by technology, like U.S.A, France, Germany, Japan, and China faced the problem of economic crises. At the same time, the world comes to fluctuate their efficiency and empowerment to the leadership engagement in stabilizing the economy. In this paper, data taken from the Indian States as per capita income at the state level and compare it with all India average data. The Net State Domestic Product Per Capita Income (NSDPPCI), had taken on a current price for the short period 2011-2012 to 2016-2017. This paper compared the regional variation in state performance and compared the most riches states to inferior ones. The factors which affect economic performance are like stabilize the political stability in the state. We also focus comparison on the different political party announcements of the welfare scheme for the farmers and other poor people living in these states. Another factor like the level of education at states and center level, total population, and its growth rate, the public expenditure on the health sector. We measure income inequality, income distribution with the economic growth of India. KEYWORDS: Economic Growth; Inequality; Income Distribution; Political Stability.

Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294-2312
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA ◽  
Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.

scholarly journals Do Democratic Economies Grow Faster? The Case of Asia vs. the EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Barrows
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The dynamics of the five fastest growing GDP per capita economies in Asia and the EU are studied between 2010 and 2014. This time frame was selected in order to avoid the height of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, but to include the stimulus and recovery periods which occurred afterward. The intent was not to compare the recoveries or the impact of the stimulus programs. The intent was to compare the economic growth rates of the two groups and also the absolute per capita income along with five topic areas on economies including: configuration, utilization, investments, demographics, and outcomes. A total of twenty measurements are used for assessment from the World Bank databank website. The findings are that the Asian economies grew faster while the EU economies had a higher per capita income. The workforces of the Asia economies are also younger and more flexible whereas the workforces of the EU economies are older, but more educated. Discussions include the links between effective governments and economic development and the links between democracy and economic levels.

scholarly journals Dampak Bunga Tabungan, Pendapatan Perkapita, Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Tabungan pada Credit Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Maran ◽  
Widya Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Savings are generally embedded and accumulated in the long term in a bank. Savings in this study are public deposits that accumulate in the long term and receive remuneration in the form of interest, which is popular among Credit Unions (CU) with the term deposit remuneration. Savings or deposits in CU need to be studied more deeply. Savings in CU is one solution to save for the poor, and do not have access to banking institutions. In this study, we want to know the impact of interest rates, Regional Gross Domestic Product (GRDP) growth per capita, inflation rates and economic growth on savings or deposits in CU, in West Kalimantan. This study uses the associative method with multiple linear analysis techniques, using secondary data, from 19 CUs in West Kalimantan, with a period of 2009 to 2019. Our results show that deposit interest rates, per capita income, inflation rates and economic growth simultaneously affect savings. or savings in CU, but the effect is very small. Partially, deposit interest rates, per capita income, inflation rates, and economic growth have no effect on the development of savings or deposits in CU in West Kalimantan.

scholarly journals Improvement of methodical approaches to estimating the efficiency of social assistance in the context of the poverty overcoming policy and unequal possibilities of the population Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Liliia Olifirenko ◽  
Kristyna Koval
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
National Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Per Capita

Introduction. Effective social assistance of the government provides the basic needs of the national economy. Methods. The presented research is devoted to the analysis of income distribution among categories of families, presented depending on the availability and quantity of children in order to improve the methodological approaches to estimating the level of per capita income from the number of children being raised in a family. The concept of national income, its distribution and redistribution was studied. The level of average incomes of the population of the country, depending on the number of children who are on the maintenance of the family was analyzed. Results. The research revealed a large number of options for evaluating the effectiveness of government aid, each of which solves specific problems at a certain stage of development of society. At the same time, at the state level, the regulatory impact associated with social assistance in the context of overcoming poverty and the unequal opportunities of the countryʼs population is assessed. However, the assessment is carried out only according to the criteria that are laid down in the program documents and can not comprehensively reflect the current trends and the state of consumers of social services in the dynamics of their socio-economic development. In this connection, a full-fledge dunders tanding of the socio-economic processes and the performance of the authorities is not happening. Discussion. The structural averages (mode, median) per capita income by categories of population and decile coefficient of income differentiation among families with children by selected groups that were identified that contributes to an adequate assessment of social benefits and compensations. And the identification of factors that negatively affect the state of reintegration of citizens to an active economic life (with secondary income distribution) makes it necessary to find new principles of social payments to improve the accuracy of their targeting, which will be the basis for improving the regulatory framework and government program documents.

scholarly journals Rentierism effect on the democratic choice of the state In Iraq after 2003

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-82
Author(s):  
أ.د.عبد الجبار احمد عبد الله ◽  
أ.م.د.كاظم علي مهدي
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Will ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Per Capita

The linguistic meaning of the verse in the Arabic dictionaries applies very much to the reality of rent and its effect. This is true of economic growth as a continuous increase in real per capita income in addition to the same thing. Therefore, development does not necessarily achieve a comprehensive and structural increase of the various economic sectors. As the rent came in the sense of a terrible land open Maim any fertilized. And the camel is a ma'aya and a ra'i: that is, it goes in the pasture and returns itself. This is similar to the extraction of oil after it is ready for investment and earn its revenue as soon as it exists or is extracted by external parties. If the rent is first linked to agriculture, especially the fertile land that produces the most, and the animal wealth is also a source of the increase, ie the increase resulting from the fertility of animals, especially camels. Hence, several concepts are crystallized, first of which is the multiplication that is not linked to an effort. Fertility of land or camels is not the result of human effort, but of divine power beyond the will of man, crystallizing the divine credit. The rent is also in the sense of the way () in the verse  

scholarly journals Determining Growth Saturation Point for Sustainable Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Mashhud Adenrele Fashola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

As economic growth may reach a point where further socio-economic development is not sustainable due to continual environmental degradation having negative development impact, the paper proposes a methodology for determining global central tendency for the saturation point of economic growth in its impact on sustainable development. The theoretical framework adopts a modified classical growth model, where economic growth is considered a means towards development, just as capital stock constitutes a means towards economic growth. In such a model, the impact of economic growth on sustainable development exhibits diminishing “marginal social productivity”, until development reaches a stationary state, where the impact of growth reaches its climax and any further growth will bring a decline on the level of development. Economic growth is measured by per capita income while selected development indicators measure development. The factors responsible for the diminishing “marginal social productivity” of economic growth are population growth and depreciation rates of capital stock and physical environment. For empirical investigation, econometric studies explored the dependence of various development indicators on per capita income (US$ PPP) for 99 countries, with a-priori expectation that the development indicators will progress with economic growth at a decreasing rate and reach saturation point. The results revealed that the saturation point or ultimate level of sustainable development is attained at per capita income of $36,400 500 (PPP), a level exceeded by 13 percent of the countries. Results also showed that environmental degradation is both a causal factor and consequence of contemporary growth.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Economic Growth and Income Distribution: The Case of Transition Economies

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Özdemir ◽  
Ömer Selçuk Emsen ◽  
Ayşen Hiç Gencer ◽  
Cemil Hakan Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In the literature on economic growth, Kuznets curve shows the relationship between growth and income distribution. According to the Kuznets curve, as per capita income rises, income distribution would first become more unequal, and then less unequal. This means that, in a less developed country poverty is shared; in a developing country the difference between the rich and the poor becomes wider; and in a developed country richness is shared. In economies in transition, from socialism to market economy, however, income distribution should be less unequal because of the socialist system. But during the transition, there occurred recessions that led to falls in income. Therefore, during the transition process, as income decreased, income distribution became more unequal. In this study, the relationship between per capita income and income distribution on the transition economies are investigated by means of panel data analysis. The results obtained are then compared with the Kuznets curve.

scholarly journals Gender Inequality: Dampaknya terhadap Pendapatan Per Kapita (Studi Kasus 33 Provinsi di Indonesia 2011-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Cita Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Gender Inequality (gender inequality) is a classic problem in various countries, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Gender inequality in various fields is considered to hinder economic growth. Slowing economic growth is considered to have a negative impact on income, both at the national level and the per capita level. Researchers are interested in examining per capita income as a proxy for economic growth. Per capita income is a measure of community welfare that is most often used by the government. This study aims to examine the description of gender inequality and per capita income in Indonesia, and analyze the impact of gender inequality on per capita income in Indonesia. The results of descriptive analysis show that there are still gender disparities in all provinces throughout Indonesia in 2011-2019. Furthermore, based on the results of the inference analysis using panel data, this study concludes that gender inequality simultaneously has a significant effect on per capita income. Gender inequality variables that have a partial effect include wages for women workers, women's labor force participation, and gender development

scholarly journals Dynamics of Income Inequality, Investment, and Unemployment in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 660-678
Author(s):  
◽  
Miguel Angel Esquivias ◽  
Narayan Sethi ◽  
Henny Iswanti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Income Growth

This paper examines the effect of per capita income, investment, and unemployment on income inequality in Indonesia from 2011 to 2019. We use both static and dynamic panel data approaches covering 34 provinces in Indonesia. The results support the Kuznets hypothesis, whereby a more significant per capita income growth is associated with more substantial income inequality in a short period; however, this decreases over time (sign change). Furthermore, a larger real per capita income is associated with lower inequality when accompanied by progress in human capital. Alternatively, foreign direct investment (FDI) and infrastructure expenditure positively relate to income inequality, although FDI eventually helps lower inequality. Similarly, increases in domestic private investment can help to reduce income disparity. Meanwhile, unemployment is negatively associated with income inequality, suggesting that better jobs (rather than more jobs per se) are needed to improve income distribution in the country. Although per capita income, investment, and employment have improved substantially and helped Indonesia raise overall income, economic progress does not seem to have been inclusive. We argue that the panel dynamic model helps to capture the persistence effect of income distribution, suggesting a more precise estimation of income inequality issues than static models.

Public expenditure, economic growth and poverty alleviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritwik Sasmal ◽  
Joydeb Sasmal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of public expenditure on economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries like India. If poverty and inequality are high, the government may resort to distributive policies at the cost of long-term growth. The distributive policies and poverty alleviation measures fail to achieve success due to lack of good governance, lack of proper targeting and problems in the implementation of such schemes. On the other hand, if the nature of public expenditure is such that it enhances per capita income, it will help reduce poverty. Design/methodology/approach – After analytical digression and construction of hypotheses panel regression has been done using state-level data in the Indian context to empirically verify the above propositions. Both Fixed effects and Random effects models have been used for this purpose. Findings – The results show that in states where ratio of public expenditure on the development of infrastructure such as road, irrigation, power, transport and communication is higher, per capita income is also higher and incidence of poverty is lower indicating that economic growth is important for poverty alleviation and development of infrastructure is necessary for growth. Originality/value – This study demonstrates how public policy and public finance can be used as instruments for removal of poverty.

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