scholarly journals Document Type Profiles in Nature, Science, and PNAS: Journal and Country Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jielan Ding ◽  
Per Ahlgren ◽  
Liying Yang ◽  
Ting Yue
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
News Item ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Document Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Editorial Material ◽  
Profile Similarity ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

AbstractPurposeIn this contribution, we want to detect the document type profiles of the three prestigious journals Nature, Science, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (PNAS) with regard to two levels: journal and country.Design/methodology/approachUsing relative values based on fractional counting, we investigate the distribution of publications across document types at both the journal and country level, and we use (cosine) document type profile similarity values to compare pairs of publication years within countries.FindingsNature and Science mainly publish Editorial Material, Article, News Item and Letter, whereas the publications of PNAS are heavily concentrated on Article. The shares of Article for Nature and Science are decreasing slightly from 1999 to 2014, while the corresponding shares of Editorial Material are increasing. Most studied countries focus on Article and Letter in Nature, but on Letter in Science and PNAS. The document type profiles of some of the studied countries change to a relatively large extent over publication years.Research limitationsThe main limitation of this research concerns the Web of Science classification of publications into document types. Since the analysis of the paper is based on document types of Web of Science, the classification in question is not free from errors, and the accuracy of the analysis might be affected.Practical implicationsResults show that Nature and Science are quite diversified with regard to document types. In bibliometric assessments, where publications in Nature and Science play a role, other document types than Article and Review might therefore be taken into account.Originality/valueResults highlight the importance of other document types than Article and Review in Nature and Science. Large differences are also found when comparing the country document type profiles of the three journals with the corresponding profiles in all Web of Science journals.

scholarly journals Uma análise bibliométrica sobre os impactos do derramamento de petróleo na pesca marítima

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e2281520
Author(s):  
Thales Rodrigues Barboza ◽  
Rodrigo Randow de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Impacto Económico

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento das publicações que fazem referência ao estudo dos impactos do derramamento de petróleo na pesca marítima, no sentido de buscar os trabalhos existentes e apresentar um portfólio para pesquisas futuras. Para a pesquisa foi utilizado a base de dados Web of Science onde é realizada uma análise qualitativa a respeito dos artigos selecionados. Além da análise qualitativa, foi realizada uma análise bibliométrica de citação e cocitação por meio do software CiteSpace e verificado uma rede de colaborações entre os autores com auxílio do Google Earth. Dentre os 14 periódicos selecionados, a revista de maior destaque em relação à temática é a PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. É observado que os EUA, Canadá e Europa apresentam parcerias de pesquisas atuais. Os resultados demonstram que as publicações estão se convergem para duas vertentes, uma na área ambiental e outra na área econômica, porém pesquisas focadas no impacto econômico se apresentam tímidas, mostrando uma área que necessita de mais pesquisas.

Mathematics, Peace, and the Cold War

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brit Shields
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
New York University ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This paper seeks to combine studies of émigré scientists, Cold War American science, and cultural histories of mathematical communities by analyzing Richard Courant’s participation in the National Academy of Sciences interacademy exchange program with the Soviet Union in the 1960s. Following his dismissal by the Nazi government from his post as Director of the Göttingen Mathematics Institute in 1933, Courant spent a year at the University of Cambridge, and then immigrated to the United States where he developed the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. Courant’s participation with the National Academy of Sciences interacademy exchange program at the end of his career highlights his ideologies about the mathematics discipline, the international mathematics community, and the political role mathematicians could play in contributing to international peace through scientific diplomacy. Courant’s Cold War scientific identity emerges from his activities as an émigré mathematician, institution builder, and international “ambassador.”

scholarly journals ПАМ’ЯТІ АКАДЕМІКА НАН УКРАЇНИ ЮРІЯ РОМАНОВИЧА ШЕЛЯГА-СОСОНКА (10.01.1933 – 14.12.2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
M. M. Barna ◽  
L. S. Barna
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
State Prize ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Book ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Yu. R. Sheliah-Sosonko, an outstanding Ukrainian scientist in the field of geobotany, phytocenology, floristry, phytogeography, phytosozology, ecology, a public figure, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, doctor of biological sciences, professor, honored worker of science and technology of Ukraine, laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology and the N.G. Kholodny Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Head of the Department of Geobotany of the N.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine passed away at the age of 87, on December 14, 2019. The main areas of scientific research of Yu. R. Sheliah-Sosonko include the development of typology, the composition of cenopopulation, cenogenesis and protection of nemoral forests of the European part of the USSR. The name of Yuri Romanovych Sheliah-Sosonko is associated with the research into the theory of geobotany and classification of vegetation, zoning, mapping, species association, evolution of vegetation cover. He developed a theory of the formation of the cenopopulation structure of species, as well as the classification of species and phytocoenotypes. He put forward and grounded the idea of phytocenogenetic classification of vegetation, the foundations of the evolutionary-cenotic study of vegetation formations. Under the supervision of Yurii Romanovych, the world’s first "Green Book of Ukraine" was compiled and published, laying the foundation for the Convention on Biodiversity. He was the first to suggest a method of paradigmatic analysis of geobotanical knowledge. The results of thorough geobotanical and phytocenological studies are summarized in the monographs: "Common oak forests on the territory of Ukraine and their evolution" (1974), "Methodology of geobotany", "Green Book of the Ukrainian SSR" (1987), "Red Book of Ukraine. Plant world "/ Yu. R. Sheliah-Sosonko (editor-in-chief) (1996) and others. He is the author of over 500 scientific works, including 34 monographs. He supervised 8 doctors and 37 candidates of biological sciences, and the scientific geobotanical school he founded is recognized by the world scientific community. The scientists, teachers and students of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University express their condolences. This is a great loss for the whole botanical science of Ukraine, Europe and the world. Finally, it should be mentioned that as long as there are such scientists as Academician Yurii Romanovych Sheliah-Sosonko and his grateful students, Ukrainian science will never cease to thrive. The memory of Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Yurii Romanovych Sheliah-Sosonko, an outstanding scientist-geobotanist, a public figure, a man of honour, will forever remain in the hearts of his relatives, friends, colleagues and students.

Diabetic Data Warehouses

2011 ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Breault
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Massive Data Sets ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences convened in 1995 for a conference on massive data sets. The presentation on health care noted that “massive applies in several dimensions . . . the data themselves are massive, both in terms of the number of observations and also in terms of the variables . . . there are tens of thousands of indicator variables coded for each patient” (Goodall, 1995, paragraph 18). We multiply this by the number of patients in the United States, which is hundreds of millions.

Contrastive Analysis of Hedges in a Sample of Chinese and English Molecular Biology Papers

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Gao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Chinese And English

Hedge is defined as the expression of provisionalness and possibility that makes scientific messages tentative, vague, and imprecise, thereby reducing the force of claims scientists make. Linguistic study of hedges began in the early 1970s in generative semantics. Since then, the focus has shifted from seeking linguistic properties in spoken discourse to analyzing its pragmatic functions in written contextual communication. The purpose of this paper was to analyze hedges in Chinese and English scientific articles from the perspective of contrastive pragmatics. Based on a contextual analysis of 5 Chinese and 5 English scientific articles, selected randomly, from two journals in molecular biology— Science in China and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, there were significant differences between Chinese and English scientific articles in use of hedges.

scholarly journals Infants look longer at colours that adults like when colours are highly saturated

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
A. E. Skelton ◽  
A. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Colour Vision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colour Preference ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Infant Vision ◽  
Adult Preference ◽  
Infant Looking ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychology Review

AbstractThe extent to which aesthetic preferences are ‘innate’ has been highly debated (Reber, Schwarz, & Winkielman, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(4), 364–382, 2004). For some types of visual stimuli infants look longer at those that adults prefer. It is unclear whether this is also the case for colour. A lack of relationship in prior studies between how long infants look at different colours and how much adults like those colours might be accounted for by stimulus limitations. For example, stimuli may have been too desaturated for infant vision. In the current study, using saturated colours more suitable for infants, we aim to quantify the relationship between infant looking and adult preference for colour. We take infant looking times at multiple hues from a study of infant colour categorization (Skelton, Catchpole, Abbott, Bosten, & Franklin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(21), 5545–5550, 2017) and then measure adult preferences and compare these to infant looking. When colours are highly saturated, infants look longer at colours that adults prefer. Both infant looking time and adult preference are greatest for blue hues and are least for green-yellow. Infant looking and adult preference can be partly summarized by activation of the blue-yellow dimension in the early encoding of human colour vision. These findings suggest that colour preference is at least partially rooted in the sensory mechanisms of colour vision, and more broadly that aesthetic judgements may in part be due to underlying sensory biases.

scholarly journals LNTgate

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 239784731769499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Linear Dose ◽  
The Us ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This commentary summarizes a spate of recent papers that provide historical evidence that the 1956 recommendation of the US National Academy of Sciences Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation I Genetics Panel to switch from a threshold to a linear dose–response model for risk assessment was an ideologically motivated decision based on deliberate falsification and fabrication of the research record. The recommendation by the Genetics Panel had far-reaching influence, affecting cancer risk assessment, risk communication strategies, community public health, and numerous medical practices in the United States and worldwide. This commentary argues that the toxicology, risk assessment, and regulatory communities examine this issue, addressing how these new historical evaluations affect the history and educational practices of these fields as well as carcinogen regulation.

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