scholarly journals Los juegos del dictador: Rafael Trujillo, el centenario dominicano y la solidaridad antillana durante los Juegos Interantillanos de 1944 = The Dictator’s Games: Rafael Trujillo, the Dominican Centenary, and Antillean Solidarity during the 1944 Inter-Antillean Games

2019 ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Antonio Sotomayor
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Rafael Trujillo ◽  
Centennial Celebrations ◽  
Better Than

Resumen: Este artículo analiza los Juegos Interantillanos realizados en Ciudad Trujillo (Santo Domingo) en 1944. Dicha competencia fue parte de las celebraciones oficiales del centenario de la República Dominicana y participaron los tres países hispano-Caribeños: Cuba, Puerto Rico y la República Dominicana. Entre los objetivos de los Juegos se contaba fomentar la fraternidad en el Caribe hispano. Sin embargo, el mensaje de paz y hermandad que el discurso oficial de los Juegos promovía contrasta con la dictadura del General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. El argumento de este estudio es que los Juegos Interantillanos sirvieron como una herramienta al servicio de la hegemonía dictatorial y complementaba la brutal represión del trujillato. Estos Juegos también contribuyeron a reforzar la identidad de la República Dominicana como una nación hispano-Caribeña, diferente y superior de sus vecinos no-hispanohablantes, especialmente en comparación a Haití.Palabras clave: Juegos Interantillanos, Movimiento Olímpico, República Dominicana, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, Solidaridad, Centenario.Abstract: This project analyzes the Inter-Antillean Games held in Ciudad Trujillo (Santo Domingo) in 1944. That tournament was part of the official celebrations of the Dominican Republic’s Centennial celebrations and featured the three Spanish speaking Caribbean countries: Dominican Republic, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Among the Games’ objectives was fostering Spanish Caribbean confraternity and goodwill. However, the Games’ message of peace and goodwill that the official discourse promoted contrasts with the dictatorship of General Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. This article argues that the Inter-Antillean Games served as another hegemonic tool of the regime and complemented the trujillato’s brutal repression. It also served as a way to further establish the Dominican Republic as a “Spanish” Caribbean nation, different and better than their nonHispanic Caribbean neighbor, especially to Haiti.Keywords: Inter-Antillean Games, Olympic Movement, Dominican Republic, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, Solidarity, Centenary.

scholarly journals Understanding the Urgent Need for Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the Spanish-Speaking Greater Antilles

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Fuentes-Luque ◽  
Pabsi Livmar González-Irizarry
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Caribbean

Even though Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is growing and flourishing throughout the world, it is practically unheard-of in the Caribbean, where accessibility faces an even bleaker existence. The circumstances of the deaf and hard of hearing (also referred to as D/deaf) are no less alarming: social barriers and exclusion are widespread. This paper emphasizes the need to make subtitles accessible in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, and underscores the challenges faced by the D/deaf communities on each island. Our research focuses on issues like AVT laws and regulations, the habits of viewers of audiovisual (AV) products, and literacy and limitations on each island. This paper also examines the different types of D/deaf audiovisual consumers in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and the difficulties each community faces when accessing media and entertainment. Our research reveals the current state of AVT accessibility in this region and provides a foundation for influencing legislators to begin enforcing AVT regulations and drafting SDH guidelines.

Canary Island Immigration to the Hispanic Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Hernández González
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Spanish Caribbean ◽  
Hispanic Caribbean ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
San Carlos

The configuration of Canarian migration during the Conquest and colonization of the Spanish Caribbean was significantly influenced by its historic continuity, familial nature (with an elevated presence of women and children), dedication to agriculture, and contribution to the settlement of towns. This migration gave rise to quintessentially rural prototypes, such as the Cuban guajiro, linked to self-sustaining agriculture and tobacco; the Puerto Rican jíbaro, a coffee grower; and the Dominican montero or farmer from Cibao. All of these contributed a great many aspects of their speech, idiosyncrasies, and culture. The migratory dynamic has evolved since the Conquest and includes such processes as Cuban tobacco colonization, the foundation of townships in Santo Domingo and Puerto Rico (in order to further analyze their adaptation to the economic boom of sugar plantations in Cuba and Puerto Rico), and the uprising of slaves in French Santo Domingo, as well as the cession of the Spanish portion of the island to this country in 1795. This event merits special focus, due to its great transcendence in terms of the signs of identity that emerged during the rebellion of the Canarian vegueros against the monopoly within the Havana context, and the defense of their configuration as a distinct people in San Carlos de Tenerife: processes that explain their response to 19th-century innovations in Cuba and Puerto Rico and to Dominican political avatars, as well as their attitudes toward criollismo and emancipation. Their singularities are reflected in the mass Cuban emigration that took place during the early decades of the 20th century.

The Choice of Migration Destination: Dominican and Cuban Immigrants to the Mainland United States and Puerto Rico

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Funkhouser ◽  
Fernando A. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Reward Structure ◽  
Location Decision ◽  
Source Country ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Cuban Immigrants

Puerto Rico provides an alternative destination for immigrants from the Spanish-speaking Caribbean because the culture is similar to that in the source country. In this study, we use the 1980 Census of Population to examine the importance of relative earnings and culture in the choice of destination. The main finding is the similar pattern of choice of location for immigrants from the Dominican Republic and Cuba. The more educated and more professional immigrants are found in either Puerto Rico or outside the enclave on the mainland. Within this group, those with less time remaining in the labor market and lower English ability are found in Puerto Rico. We find that not all differences in location decision are attributable to differences in reward structure by location.

scholarly journals Delayed Impacts of Tropical Cyclones Irene 2011 and Isaac 2012 in the Caribbean Antilles

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-943
Author(s):  
Mark R. Jury
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
River Outflow ◽  
Stormy Weather ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractThis study considers tropical cyclones Irene in Puerto Rico from 2011 and Isaac in the Dominican Republic from 2012. Impacts trailed more than a day after the storm in both cases. Irene passed Puerto Rico on 22 August 2011, yet bands of heavy rainfall caused floods and disruption on 23 August. In the second case, Isaac passed Hispaniola on 24 August 2012, but stormy weather continued on 25 August. Onshore winds, 4-m waves, and associated tides and river outflow closed the harbor of Santo Domingo. Emergency managers and maritime operators should be aware of the delayed impacts of tropical cyclones in the Caribbean Sea region.

Spanish Hispaniola and Puerto Rico

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Scarano
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
New World ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Racially Mixed ◽  
High Degree

This article reviews scholarship on the history and historiography of slavery in Spanish Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Santo Domingo, the Spanish colony that became the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico, its island neighbour to the east, rank as two of the Western hemisphere's most racially mixed societies. Historical factors related in one way or another to slavery account for the high degree of racial admixture. Both countries experienced enslavement and the Atlantic slave trade intensely in the sixteenth century. This was followed by a long period of economic declension during which slave imports were low and the exploitation of slave labour fell into relative obsolescence. In the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, virtual economic autarchy in both colonies allowed for greater rates of miscegenation than in almost every other New World society significantly influenced by the institution of slavery.

Transnational Activist: Magda Mortal and the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), 1926–1950

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo García-Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Beautiful Woman ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Striking Effect

In March of 1929, die young Peruvian poet and political activist Magda Portal departed from die Yucatan in Mexico to give a series of lectures in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia. She traveled as an emissary of the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, APRA), a recendy founded political organization that sought to transform Latin America by creating a united front against foreign imperialism. On July 14, in Santo Domingo she gave a lecture titled “Latin America Confronted by Imperialism,” at “the largest theater in town” to an audience of about 200. Her presence as an intelligent, energetic, and beautiful woman, standing on stages normally reserved to men, enhanced the power of her words, and she was well aware of the striking effect on audiences of seeing a woman in the traditionally male role of political orator

Transnational Activist: Magda Mortal and the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), 1926–1950

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 677-706
Author(s):  
Iñigo García-Bryce
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Beautiful Woman ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Striking Effect

In March of 1929, die young Peruvian poet and political activist Magda Portal departed from die Yucatan in Mexico to give a series of lectures in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia. She traveled as an emissary of the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, APRA), a recendy founded political organization that sought to transform Latin America by creating a united front against foreign imperialism. On July 14, in Santo Domingo she gave a lecture titled “Latin America Confronted by Imperialism,” at “the largest theater in town” to an audience of about 200. Her presence as an intelligent, energetic, and beautiful woman, standing on stages normally reserved to men, enhanced the power of her words, and she was well aware of the striking effect on audiences of seeing a woman in the traditionally male role of political orator

Redeeming Santo Domingo: North Atlantic Missionaries and the Racial Conversion of a Nation

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-100
Author(s):  
Christina Cecelia Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
American Missionaries ◽  
Alternative Future ◽  
Protestant Missions ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Race And Religion ◽  
Key Interventions

AbstractThis article examines North Atlantic views of Protestant missions and race in the Dominican Republic between 1905 and 1911, a brief period of political stability in the years leading up to the U.S. Occupation (1916–1924). Although Protestant missions during this period remained small in scale on the Catholic island, the views of British and American missionaries evidence how international perceptions of Dominicans transformed in the early twentieth century. Thus, this article makes two key interventions within the literature on Caribbean race and religion. First, it shows how outsiders’ ideas about the Dominican Republic's racial composition aimed to change the Dominican Republic from a “black” country into a racially ambiguous “Latin” one on the international stage. Second, in using North Atlantic missionaries’ perspectives to track this shift, it argues that black-led Protestant congregations represented a possible alternative future that both elite Dominicans and white North Atlantic missionaries rejected.

Leishmania spp. and leishmaniasis on the Caribbean islands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors

Abstract The kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania spp. cause leishmaniasis, which clinically exhibit mainly as a cutaneous, mucocutanous or visceral form depending upon the parasite species in humans. The disease is widespread geographically, leading to 20 000 annual deaths. Here, leishmaniases in both humans and animals, reservoirs and sand fly vectors on the Caribbean islands are reviewed. Autochthonous human infections by Leishmania spp. were found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe and Martinique as well as Trinidad and Tobago; canine infections were found in St. Kitts and Grenada; and equine infections were found in Puerto Rico. Imported human cases have been reported in Cuba. The parasites included Leishmania amazonensis, Le. martiniquensis and Le. waltoni. Possible sand fly vectors included Lutzomyia christophei, Lu. atroclavatus, Lu. cayennensis and Lu. flaviscutellata as well as Phlebotomus guadeloupensis. Reservoirs included rats, rice rats and mouse opossum. An updated study is warranted for the control and elimination of leishmaniasis in the region because some of the data are four decades old.

scholarly journals A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Brief Sense of Community Scale for Spanish-Speaking Older Adults in Puerto Rico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
Tommy Buckley ◽  
Kyeongmo Kim ◽  
Denise Burnette
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychological Sense Of Community ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Psychological Sense

Abstract Psychological sense of community is a concept used to describe how individuals feel about their community. The Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) is an 8-item scale that includes these four domains: membership, needs fulfillment, emotional connection, and influence. It has been used in various contexts and was validated with young adults in Puerto Rico. The purpose of this study was to validate the BSCS for use with Spanish-speaking older adults in Puerto Rico. We conducted face-to-face interviews with a non-probability sample of 154 community- dwelling adults aged 60+ in Puerto Rico. BSCS is comprised of a 5-point likert-type scale with score values ranging from 0 (strongly agree) to 4 (strongly disagree) (total score range 0-32, mean= 24.75, SD= 6.04), and it showed good reliability in our sample (a=.85) and acceptable subscale reliability (membership, a=.85; needs fulfillment, a=.85; influence, a=.66; and emotional connection, a=.69). Five competing factor structures were tested based on prior research using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The CFA indicated that a four factor structure from the original scale was the best fit (χ² (16) =25.9; p=.06; RMSEA=.06; CFI=.98; TLI=.97; SRMR=.04). The BSCS showed significant correlations in the expected direction with quality of life (r=.41), social isolation (r=.34), loneliness (r=.27) and self-rated health (r=.17). We conclude that the BSCS is a valid and reliable scale for measuring psychological sense of community with community-dwelling Spanish-speaking older adults in Puerto Rico. Future research should confirm and extend our findings with other Spanish-speaking older adult populations.

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