scholarly journals Modern aspects of the diagnosis of severe combined trauma using computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Petrikov ◽  
I. E. Popova ◽  
L. T. Khamidova ◽  
R. S. Muslimov ◽  
T. G. Barmina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Modern Technique ◽  
Craniocerebral Injuries ◽  
Special Protocol ◽  
Full Body

Relevance. The variety of options for combining injuries and disorders occurring in the body with a combined injury, the need for rapid decision-making on treatment require rapid diagnosis of the entire volume of injuries and determining the severity of the injury, but there is still no single protocol for examining such victims. The aim of the work was to present a modern CT study protocol for patients with concomitant trauma.Materials and methods. The results of computed tomography of 30 patients with severe concomitant trauma were analyzed. All the victims were admitted in the first hours after the injury. Men were 30 (67 %), women – 10 (33 %), the average age was 41.3 ± 7.6 (22–79) years. Traditional multiphase full-body MSCT was performed in 20 patients, in 10 patients a special protocol was used for the study of the "whole body" by the method of divided bolus.The results of the study. Craniocerebral injuries were detected in 15 (50 %), spinal injuries – in 7 (23.3 %). Simultaneous injuries to the chest and abdomen were detected in 19 (63.3 %) of the victims. When subjectively evaluated, the quality of the images obtained using the full-body MSCT protocol with bolus separation and the standard multiphase protocol for the diagnosis of traumatic injuries was equivalent. The average radiation load per patient with traditional multiphase full-body MSCT is 66 % higher than with the split-bolus protocol.Conclusions. Full-body MSCT using a split bolus is a modern technique that fully meets the diagnostic conditions for severe combined trauma and, with a decrease in the radiation dose, allows you to determine all possible injuries in the victim in a single study. 

scholarly journals The influence of arm positions on abdominal image quality of whole-body computed tomography in trauma: systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
E. S. Speelman ◽  
B. Brocx ◽  
J. E. Wilbers ◽  
M. J. de Bie ◽  
O. Ivashchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Abdominal Image ◽  
Whole Body Computed Tomography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Abstract Purpose Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) is the standard diagnostic method for evaluating polytrauma patients. When patients are unable to elevate their arms, the arms are placed along the body, which affects the image quality negatively. Aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the influence of below the shoulder arm positions on image quality of WBCT. Methods Literature in PubMed and Scopus databases was systematically searched. Results of the papers were stratified into 4 categories: arms elevated, 1 arm up 1 arm down, arms ventrally supported, arms along the body. A qualitative analysis was performed on subjective image quality and a quantitative analysis on objective quality (image noise). Results Eight studies were included with 1421 participants. Various studies reported significantly higher quality scores with arms elevated, compared to arms along the body. Significant differences in objective image quality were found between the arms elevated and the arms ventrally on support group. The arms ventrally supported group had a significantly higher image quality than the arms along the body group. A statistically significant difference was found in objective image quality between the 1 arm up 1 arm down and arms along the body group. No preferential below the shoulders position could be identified. Conclusion Positioning the arms alongside the body results in a poor image quality. Placing the arms on a pillow ventrally to the chest improves image quality. Interestingly, asymmetrical arm positioning has potential to improve the image quality for patients that are unable to elevate the arms.

scholarly journals Correlation of age, sex and season with the state of human decomposition as quantified by postmortem computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic L. C. Guebelin ◽  
Akos Dobay ◽  
Lars Ebert ◽  
Eva Betschart ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Postmortem Computed Tomography ◽  
Whole Body Computed Tomography ◽  
Urban Study

AbstractDead bodies exhibit a variable range of changes with advancing decomposition. To quantify intracorporeal gas, the radiological alteration index (RAI) has been implemented in the assessment of postmortem whole-body computed tomography. We used this RAI as a proxy for the state of decomposition. This study aimed to (I) investigate the correlation between the state of decomposition and the season in which the body was discovered; and (II) evaluate the correlations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex) and the state of decomposition, by using the RAI as a proxy for the extent of decomposition. In a retrospective study, we analyzed demographic data from all autopsy reports from the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Zurich between January 2017 to July 2019 and evaluated the radiological alteration index from postmortem whole-body computed tomography for each case. The bodies of older males showed the highest RAI. Seasonal effects had no significant influence on the RAI in our urban study population with bodies mostly being discovered indoors. Autopsy reports contain valuable data that allow interpretation for reasons beyond forensic purposes, such as sociopolitical observations.

EFFECTS OF THE SCAN RANGE ON RADIATION DOSE IN THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY COMPONENT OF ONCOLOGY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Inoue ◽  
Kazunori Nagahara ◽  
Hiroko Kudo ◽  
Hiroyasu Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Proximal Thigh

Abstract We performed phantom experiments to investigate radiation dose in the computed tomography component of oncology positron emission tomography/computed tomography in relation to the scan range. Computed tomography images of an anthropomorphic whole-body phantom were obtained from the head top to the feet, from the head top to the proximal thigh or from the skull base to the proximal thigh. Automatic exposure control using the posteroanterior and lateral scout images offered reasonable tube current modulation corresponding to the body thickness. However, when the posteroanterior scout alone was used, unexpectedly high current was applied in the head and upper chest. When effective dose was calculated on a region-by-region basis, it did not differ greatly irrespective of the scan range. In contrary, when effective dose was estimated simply by multiplying the scanner-derived dose-length product by a single conversion factor, estimates increased definitely with the scan range, indicating severe overestimation in whole-body imaging.

scholarly journals An uncommon localisation of a vegetal foreign body in a dog: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
F. Del Signore ◽  
R. Terragni ◽  
A. Carloni ◽  
L. Stehlik ◽  
P. Proks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Grass Seed

The goal of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearance of a penile foreign body in a dog for the first time. We describe an unusual penile localisation of a grass seed awn in an 11-year-old mixed-breed dog referred for a computed tomography study after a severe haemorrhage from the penis. A fistulous tract was observed after plain and post-contrast whole-body computed tomography acquisition; the foreign body was localised with ultrasound and removed under ultrasonographic guidance, with the complete healing of the penile lesion. Grass awns are common foreign bodies in dogs and cats and are commonly localised in the ear canal, subcutaneous tissue, interdigital space, eyelid, conjunctiva and nasal or oral cavity. These foreign bodies pose a threat due to their peculiar structure, which facilitates their easy access to the affected area and their transit through the body. Clinical signs are often non-specific, and imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography are useful techniques for localisation. Our report demonstrates that the combination of computed tomography and ultrasound techniques was crucial for the exact localisation and mini-invasive retrieval of the grass seed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Transmissibility Factors of Pneumatic Dumper Seats Used in Indian Mines- A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-615
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Mandal ◽  
Anand Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Vibration Magnitude ◽  
Vehicle Seat

Whole-body Vibration (WBV) is a well- known occupational health hazard in mining industry. Dumper operators are subjected to WBV generated from road-tyre interaction and transmitted through the base of the seat. Dynamic characteristics of vehicle seat are vital contributing factor in determining the quality of a seat in use. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the transmissibility factor of pneumatic dumper seats used in an Indian mine. Total fifteen (15) dumpers of two different makes with pneumatic seats were selected for the study purpose. The tri-axial seat-pad accelerometers (SVANTEK make SV 38A) collected data in all three orthogonal axes of translational or rectilinear vibration. The mono-axial or single axis accelerometer (SVANTEK make SV 80 with mounting magnet SA 32) was simultaneously positioned rigidly on the floor to record signals in vertical direction. The data so obtained were then calculated using a vibration risk calculator in MS-EXCEL to quickly predict the health impacts using the measured vibration magnitude along with period of exposure per day. The results obtained clearly indicated that the drivers of all the fifteen (15) dumpers are at moderate risk of adverse health effects. It was clear from the SEAT factor calculated using rms and VDV values that the present seats installed in all the dumpers are not efficient and failed to attenuate the vibrations from the floor to seat and ultimately to the body of the dumper operator. It was observed that further in-depth evaluation of engineering and designing part of the seats used in these types of dumpers is desirable. The future scope of such evaluations must take into consideration the actual working condition to be able to realistically attenuate the vibrations so as to provide comfort and relief to the dump operators in mines.

scholarly journals The importance of Abhyanga in Dincharya in present era: A literary review.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Shantaram Puradakar ◽  
Arun Shankarrao Dudhamal ◽  
Disha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Full Body

Ayurveda is a ‘science of life” which provides not only curative but also preventive principles for healthy and long life. Ayurveda is a lifestyle; a science and art of appropriate living that ensures health and longevity of human being. Abhyanga which is one among the Dincharya, is also a part of therapeutic procedures of Panchakarma therapy. As it nourishes the senses of mind and gives the strength, but if done in the region like localized in head, neck, legs etc then it is termed as  Shiroabhyanga, padaabhyanga etc. Full body massage gives strength to whole body but localized massage gives strength to that particular part of the body. Localized massage can be practiced by self. Thus it is easy to practice. But for abhyanga one need to be dependent in massage trainer. The instructions to be followed under localized massage also. It gives its benefits when it is done in the right manner only.

Quantifying Segmental Contributions to Center-of-Mass Motion During Dynamic Continuous Support Surface Perturbations Using Simplified Estimation Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Alison Schinkel-Ivy ◽  
Vicki Komisar ◽  
Carolyn A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mass Motion ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Full Body

Investigating balance reactions following continuous, multidirectional, support surface perturbations is essential for improving our understanding of balance control in moving environments. Segmental motions are often incorporated into rapid balance reactions following external perturbations to balance, although the effects of these motions during complex, continuous perturbations have not been assessed. This study aimed to quantify the contributions of body segments (ie, trunk, head, upper extremity, and lower extremity) to the control of center-of-mass (COM) movement during continuous, multidirectional, support surface perturbations. Three-dimensional, whole-body kinematics were captured while 10 participants experienced 5 minutes of perturbations. Anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical COM position and velocity were calculated using a full-body model and 7 models with reduced numbers of segments, which were compared with the full-body model. With removal of body segments, errors relative to the full-body model increased, while relationship strength decreased. The inclusion of body segments appeared to affect COM measures, particularly COM velocity. Findings suggest that the body segments may provide a means of improving the control of COM motion, primarily its velocity, during continuous, multidirectional perturbations, and constitute a step toward improving our understanding of how the limbs contribute to balance control in moving environments.

Computed tomography

2013 ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Geoff Hide ◽  
Jennifer Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ct Arthrography ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Spine Ct ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Medical Radiation Exposure

Computed tomography (CT), along with its cross-sectional partner MRI, continues to evolve apace. Although MRI retains the larger role in the musculoskeletal system due to its unparalleled soft tissue contrast and, not least, its lack of ionizing radiation, CT offers significant advantages in many areas. Imaging acute trauma is more rapid with CT, allowing ‘whole body’ assessment of patients following polytrauma, and CT is more useful than MRI in demonstrating the configuration of fractures, aiding surgical planning. CT can clearly identify cortical bone and areas of calcification, making the diagnosis of tarsal coalitions straightforward and facilitating the diagnosis and characterization of bone tumours such as osteoid osteoma and chondroid lesions. CT arthrography supplements standard imaging with intra-articular contrast to allow the detection of subtle joint abnormalities, and CT can demonstrate needles precisely within bone and soft tissue to enable the performance of complex image-guided procedures. Developments in CT have been especially rapid in the past decade and although this has particularly impacted on cardiac imaging, other areas of medicine, including rheumatology, have benefited. High multislice scanners can obtain data for a volume of tissue allowing reconstruction of slices with exceptional detail in any plane, and can rapidly image large areas of the body such as the spine. CT is responsible for a large proportion of the population’s medical radiation exposure. Although techniques allowing reduction in dose continue to advance, radiologists and referrers retain responsibility to ensure that requests for CT examinations are necessary and justifiable.

scholarly journals The Influence of X-Factor (Trunk Rotation) and Experience on the Quality of the Badminton Forehand Smash

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
Bingjun Wan ◽  
Peter Visentin ◽  
Qinxian Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trunk Rotation ◽  
Preparation Phase ◽  
Full Body

AbstractNo existing studies of badminton technique have used full-body biomechanical modeling based on three-dimensional (3D) motion capture to quantify the kinematics of the sport. The purposes of the current study were to: 1) quantitatively describe kinematic characteristics of the forehand smash using a 15-segment, full-body biomechanical model, 2) examine and compare kinematic differences between novice and skilled players with a focus on trunk rotation (the X-factor), and 3) through this comparison, identify principal parameters that contributed to the quality of the skill. Together, these findings have the potential to assist coaches and players in the teaching and learning of the forehand smash. Twenty-four participants were divided into two groups (novice, n = 10 and skilled, n = 14). A 10-camera VICON MX40 motion capture system (200 frames/s) was used to quantify full-body kinematics, racket movement and the flight of the shuttlecock. Results confirmed that skilled players utilized more trunk rotation than novices. In two ways, trunk rotation (the X-factor) was shown to be vital for maximizing the release speed of the shuttlecock – an important measure of the quality of the forehand smash. First, more trunk rotation invoked greater lengthening in the pectoralis major (PM) during the preparation phase of the stroke which helped generate an explosive muscle contraction. Second, larger range of motion (ROM) induced by trunk rotation facilitated a whip-like (proximal to distal) control sequence among the body segments responsible for increasing racket speed. These results suggest that training intended to increase the efficacy of this skill needs to focus on how the X-factor is incorporated into the kinematic chain of the arm and the racket.

KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN KANKER YANG MENJALANI KEMOTERAPI DI RUMAH SAKIT AWAL BROS BATAM TAHUN 2019

Ners Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tivanny
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Depth Interviews

Cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy will experience many changes in their lives. Changes that will change their lives due to cancer and the effects of chemotherapy that will affect aspects of human life holistically and will also affect the quality of life. This study aims to analyze the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy by describing their physical, psychological, and social conditions. The type of research used is qualitative with in-depth interviews (in dept interview) and observation. Participants in this study were 8 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Awal Bros Hospital in Batam according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research was conducted in May 2020- July 2020. Qualitative   data analysis with content analysis. From the results of the research, the physical condition of the patient after undergoing chemotherapy, the body feels weak, cannot walk long distances, has pain in the whole body, it is difficult to rest, has decreased in activity and the ability to concentrate is decreased. The patient's psychological condition while undergoing chemotherapy, the patient experiences emotions that make the patient think negatively about his physical condition, such as a patient who wants to give up on chemotherapy. Social support for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy receives emotional support, motivation from family and health workers and becomes financially dependent. Nurses can further improve the quality of providing multi-dimensional nursing care according to the problems experienced by advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and can provide new insights in the science of oncology.

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