scholarly journals Electron-microscopic features of changes in the adrenal and thyroid glands in chronic hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Yagubova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Characteristic Features

The aim of the study was to study the characteristic features of ultrastructural changes in the cellular and extracellular matrix of the adrenal and thyroid glands in chronic hypoxia.Materials and methods. The study used the thyroid and adrenal glands of healthy adult male white rats weighing 180-200 g. The anatomical, histological, histochemical, electron microscopic and morphometric methods were used.Results. We found that the response of thyroid and adrenal cells to hypoxia is different. So, since the processes of proliferation in the cells of the thyroid gland occur faster and earlier, all tissues are restored on the 15th day of the experiment in the thyroid gland, and in the adrenal gland are restored only on the 30th day of the experiment. And this can be regarded as a higher degree of sensitivity of the adrenal glands to hypoxia, which is a stronger stress factor than the thyroid gland.Summary. The structures of the thyroid gland adapt to long-term hypoxia earlier, and responds to this with ultrastructural rearrangement – hyperplasia, hypertrophy and proliferation of thyrocytes.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF HYPOXIA AND INFECTION ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THETHYROID GLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Samira Yaqubova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Microscopic Features

The investigation aimed to study the microscopic features of the thyroid gland under the influence of barochamber hypoxia and staphylococcal infection in the experiment. Materials and methods of the study. During the study 30 healthy adult male white rats weighing 180–200 g were used. Morphological features of the gland were studied by histological methods. Results of the study. Analysis of the study results shows that morphological changes occurring in the thyroid gland cells are more pronounced in animals of the infectious group than in animals of the hypoxia group. Thus, under the influence of infection, atrophic changes prevail in the gland tissue, and under the influence of hypoxia, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy, proliferation and differentiation of gland cells are observed. This can be considered a structural reconstruction of the gland tissue and its adaptation to new conditions.

EFFECT OF INTENSIVE NERVOUS STIMULATION ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS AND ITS TARGET ORGANS

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-758
Author(s):  
A. Árvay ◽  
Á. Balogh ◽  
P. Ladányi ◽  
I. Takács ◽  
K. Benkö
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Stressful Stimulation

ABSTRACT Female white rats were exposed to periodic, complex and intensive nervous stimulation for 9 months. The electron microscopic examination of the adenohypophysis, adrenal cortex, thyroid gland and ovaries provided ultrastructural evidences of markedly increased hormone producing activity as compared with the controls. These findings confirm the previous results of the authors regarding the effect of their specially designed intensive periodic stressful stimulation on the function of the endocrine system, i. e. an increase in the activity of all the endocrine glands examined (Árvay 1964, 1970).

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE THYROID GLAND AND ADRENAL GLANDS IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIASIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
T.A. Sikorskaya ◽  
◽  
M.V. Kachuk ◽  
A.V. Sikorsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Microbial Association ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article defines the characteristic features of thyroid and adrenal function in patients with psoriasis, taking into account the pituitary regulation and streptococcal association of dermatosis. Patients with psoriasis, regardless of the form of dermatosis and microbial association, experience a non-thyroid syndrome with a high T3 concentration, increased glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid function of the adrenal glands.

scholarly journals ULTRASTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS DURING THE ACUTE HYPOXIA

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(50)) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Yagubova Samira Mammadhasan
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Extracellular Structures

The goal of the study was to study the morphofunctional properties of ultrastructural changes in the cellular and extracellular structures of the adrenal glands during hypobaric hypoxia. The materials of the study were 30 male white rats weighing 180-200 grams. Thus, the results of the conducted studies showed that morphofunctional changes under the effects of acute hypoxia, which develop in different zones of the adrenal cortex, also change the histofunctional state of the adrenal medulla. Morphometric indicators of the adrenal parenchyma increase from the 5th day of hypoxia and are characterized by the increased blood supply to the adrenal glands, which occurs both by the dilatation of capillaries and by an increase in their density.

scholarly journals Physiotherapeutic methods in treatment and rehabilitation of the patients with asthma

2005 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
A. G. Maliavin
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Moderate Asthma ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Electromagnetic Stimulation ◽  
Hypoxic Training ◽  
Electric Impulse ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Transcranial Electromagnetic Stimulation

Effect of different physiotherapeutic methods (transcranial electromagnetic stimulation combined with other positions of electrodes (adrenal glands, spleen, thymus or thyroid gland); transcranial electric impulse therapy; cryomassage of the chest; interval normobaric hypoxic training and silvinite speleotherapy) on clinical signs, blood and sputum laboratory parameters, immune and endocrine systems, spirographic, echocardiographic and cardiointervalographic parameters were investigated in 308 patients with moderate asthma. As a result efficacy of the methods was evaluated and differentiated indications for their administration were developed with regards to characteristic features of the disease and co morbid status.

scholarly journals Possible protective effect of curcumin on the thyroid gland changes induced by sodium fluoride in albino rats: light and electron microscopic study

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mostafa Abdelaleem ◽  
Nashwa Fathy Gamal El-Tahawy ◽  
Samah Mohammed Mahmoud Abozaid ◽  
Shima Abdel-Baset Abdel-Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Group Serum

AbstractObjectives. Thyroid gland regulates the body’s metabolic rate and plays an exquisitely important role in the human health. Fluoride exposure can affect thyroid function. Curcumin is a potent antioxidant that works through several mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the hormonal, histological, and ultrastructural changes occurred in the thyroid gland induced by exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) and study the possible protective effect of curcumin on the NaF-induced effects.Methods. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (10 rats each): the control group, NaF group, and NaF+Curcumin (NaF+Cur) group. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were assayed and thyroid tissues processed for light and transmission electron microscopic study.Results. In NaF group, serum T3 and T4 levels were significantly decreased whereas TSH level was significantly increased compared to the control group. Thyroid tissues showed flattening of the epithelial lining with several follicular cell degenerations, hyperplasia, decreased colloid, disrupted basement membrane, cytoplasmic vacuolations, degenerated mitochondria, widening of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and vascular congestion compared to the control group. In the NaF+Cur group, serum TSH levels were significantly decreased in comparison with NaF group and no significant difference in comparison with the control group. Thyroid sections appeared apparently normal compared to the control group and NaF group.Conclusions. Sodium fluoride affected both the function and structure of the thyroid gland while curcumin was protective against these toxic effects.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF HORMONAL STATUS OF THE BODY IN WHITE RATS UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO SODIUM FLUORIDE

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Bagmut ◽  
I.L. Kolisnyk ◽  
S.I. Kryzhna ◽  
A.V. Titkova ◽  
L.Yu. Svyrydenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Fluoride Intoxication

We calculated studied the state of the hormonal status in experimental animals under the influence of sodium fluoride in 45 adult rats (males and females) of the Wistar population, which were orally administered a solution of sodium fluoride at a rate of 20 mg / kg of weight daily in the morning on an empty stomach, under the model conditions of intoxication. The duration of the subacute experiment was 1.5 months, after which the animals were euthanized by decapitation. Comprehensive assessment of the hormonal status in white rats was carried out by radioisotope methods in the serum. The results showed reduced levels of folliculotropin and progesterone, increased levels of thyroxine, adrenocorticotropin, glucagon, triiodothyronine, thyrotropin and calcitonin, while insulin, somatostatin and serum glucose levels decreased. There was no change in the dynamics of the content of sex hormones - luteotropin, prolactin, testosterone compared with the control (P> 0.05). Furthermore, in the blood serum of rats, there was an increase in the levels of prostaglandin PGE2, prostacyclin (6 keto-PGF1a), leukotriene B4 and a decrease in the concentrations of prostaglandins PGE1, PGF2a and leukotriene C4. At all levels of the study of the endocrine system, deep shifts in the functional activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-cortical substance of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and sympatho-adrenal structures have been identified. Analysis of the detected changes in the hormonal status allows judging the nonspecific reaction of the body to fluoride intoxication and reflects the state of the protective-adaptive mechanisms, in which the hypothalamus, the thyroid gland and the adrenal glands play a large role. Changes in the dynamics of concentrations of hormones and histohormones reflected a significant stress of the protective-adaptive mechanisms, which, in terms of structural and functional units, led to disruption of metabolic processes, including those associated with the development of fluoride intoxication. Disruption of the balance of hormones and functioning of the endocrine organs and systems entails profound changes in the metabolic processes and the immunobiological reactivity of the organism, weakening the action of the protective-adaptive mechanisms in maintaining the homeostatic function.

Ultrastructural modification of cellular interactions in cancer tumor

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
N. P. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Characteristic Features

One of the most characteristic features of cancer cells is their ability to metastasia. It is suggested that the modifications of the structure and properties of cancer cells surfaces play the main role in this process. The present work was aimed at finding out what ultrastructural features apear in tumor in vivo which removal of individual cancer cells from the cell population can provide. For this purpose the cellular interactions in the normal human thyroid and cancer tumor of this gland electron microscopic were studied. The tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide and were embedded in Araldite-Epon.In normal human thyroid the most common type of intercellular contacts was represented by simple junction formed by the parallelalignment of adjacent cell membranees leaving in between an intermembranes space 15-20 nm filled with electronlucid material (Fig. 1a). Sometimes in the basal part of cells dilatations of the intercellular space 40-50 nm wide were found (Fig. 1a). Here the cell surfaces may form single short microvilli.

Fine Structural Classification of Chromophobe Adenomas of the Human Pituitary Gland

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Microscopic Features

Chromophobe pituitary adenomas arise from adenohypophysial cells and fail to exhibit cytoplasmic staining with conventional acid or basic dyes by light microscopy. The aim of the present work was to study the electron microscopic features of these tumors, to separate them into distinct entities and to correlate their fine structural appearances with secretory activity.Among 48 surgically removed various pituitary adenomas 30 tumors were found which, based on the tinctorial characteristics of the cytoplasm, corresponded to chromophobe adenomas. For electron microscopic investigation pieces of these tumors were fixed in 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's buffer, post fixed in 1 per cent osmium tetroxide in Millonig's buffer, dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.By electron microscopy it was possible to separate chromophobe adenomas into 3 distinct entities: 1) adenomas consisting of sparsely granulated growth hormone cells (7 cases).

Morphologic alteration in the muscles of patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis or myopathy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
T. Shimizu ◽  
Y. Muranaka ◽  
I. Ohta ◽  
N. Honda
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tubular Aggregates ◽  
Hypokalemic Myopathy ◽  
Transmission Electron

There have been many reports on ultrastructural alterations in muscles of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hpp) and hypokalemic myopathy(hm). It is stressed in those reports that tubular structures such as tubular aggregates are usually to be found in hpp as a characteristic feature, but not in hm. We analyzed the histological differences between hpp and hm, comparing their clinical manifestations and morphologic changes in muscles. Materials analyzed were biopsied muscles from 18 patients which showed muscular symptoms due to hypokalemia. The muscle specimens were obtained by means of biopsy from quadriceps muscle and fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4) and analyzed by ordinary method and modified Golgimethod. The ultrathin section were examined in JEOL 200CX transmission electron microscopy.Electron microscopic examinations disclosed dilated t-system and terminal cistern of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)(Fig 1), and an unique structure like “sixad” was occasionally observed in some specimens (Fig 2). Tubular aggregates (Fig 3) and honeycomb structure (Fig 4) were also common characteristic structures in all cases. These ultrastructural changes were common in both the hypokalemic periodic paralysis and the hypokalemic myopathy, regardless of the time of biopsy or the duration of hypokalemia suffered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document