scholarly journals IMPACT OF HYPOXIA AND INFECTION ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THETHYROID GLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Samira Yaqubova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Microscopic Features

The investigation aimed to study the microscopic features of the thyroid gland under the influence of barochamber hypoxia and staphylococcal infection in the experiment. Materials and methods of the study. During the study 30 healthy adult male white rats weighing 180–200 g were used. Morphological features of the gland were studied by histological methods. Results of the study. Analysis of the study results shows that morphological changes occurring in the thyroid gland cells are more pronounced in animals of the infectious group than in animals of the hypoxia group. Thus, under the influence of infection, atrophic changes prevail in the gland tissue, and under the influence of hypoxia, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy, proliferation and differentiation of gland cells are observed. This can be considered a structural reconstruction of the gland tissue and its adaptation to new conditions.

scholarly journals Electron-microscopic features of changes in the adrenal and thyroid glands in chronic hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Yagubova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Characteristic Features

The aim of the study was to study the characteristic features of ultrastructural changes in the cellular and extracellular matrix of the adrenal and thyroid glands in chronic hypoxia.Materials and methods. The study used the thyroid and adrenal glands of healthy adult male white rats weighing 180-200 g. The anatomical, histological, histochemical, electron microscopic and morphometric methods were used.Results. We found that the response of thyroid and adrenal cells to hypoxia is different. So, since the processes of proliferation in the cells of the thyroid gland occur faster and earlier, all tissues are restored on the 15th day of the experiment in the thyroid gland, and in the adrenal gland are restored only on the 30th day of the experiment. And this can be regarded as a higher degree of sensitivity of the adrenal glands to hypoxia, which is a stronger stress factor than the thyroid gland.Summary. The structures of the thyroid gland adapt to long-term hypoxia earlier, and responds to this with ultrastructural rearrangement – hyperplasia, hypertrophy and proliferation of thyrocytes.

Morphological characteristic and assessment of changesin the main structural components of the histohematological barrier of the thyroid tissue in cases of the sudden cardiac death from alcoholic cardiomyopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Olga V. Sokolova ◽  
Orazmurad D. Yagmurov ◽  
Ruslan A. Nasyrov
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Endothelial Lining ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Gland Tissue

A retrospective analysis of acts of forensic medical autopsies from the archive of St. Petersburg GBUS BSME and a histological study of thyroid gland tissue in 188 cases (95 women and 93 men) were carried out with statistical processing of the obtained results for the purpose of studying and assessing the morphological changes in the main components of the histohematological barrier of thyroid gland tissue in cases of the sudden cardiac death from alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The decrease in the weight of the thyroid gland in the investigated cases and the revealed morphological signs, indicative of a decrease in the memory function of the thyroid gland were found and can be caused by the prolonged toxic effect of ethanol and its metabolites. Morphological changes in the endothelial lining of the vessels of the microcirculatory bed are caused both by the direct cytotoxic action of ethanol and its metabolites and by the action of mediators, the release of which occurs as a result of stimulation of the reactive cells, which leads to swelling, deformation and increased activity of endothelial cell membranes with the expansion of intercellular spaces and the development of increased permeability of the endothelial lining, which, in its turn, contributes to disruption of electrolyte transport and nutrients transport with changes trophism thyroid gland tissue, which is a substrate for the appearance of dystrophic and necrobiotic processes in main structural components of the histogematogenous barrier of the thyroid gland. The revealed morphological changes in thyroid gland tissue in cases of death from alcoholic cardiomyopathy have a non-specific nature and should be considered in conjunction with other visceral manifestations that are a reflection of alcohol intoxication during the chronic alcoholism.

Staphylococcal infection and pathomurfological characteristic of the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Samira Mammadhasan Yagubova ◽  
◽  
Elchin Chingiz Akbarov ◽  
Tarana Nadir Mirzayeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Specific Symptoms

During the staphylococcal infection, changes in the interaction of glandular cells, dystrophic and disorganizing pathologies in tissues, especially acute structural and hemodynamic changes in the stroma of the glands in the pituitary-adrenal-thyroid system, develop from the first day of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, on the background of a decrease in exudative processes, fibroplastic reactions are significantly activated, resulting in signs of incomplete regeneration – mainly sclerotic processes and cystic-atrophic changes in the parenchyma. Structural changes in tissues in the early stages of staphylococcal infection and the dynamics of development are characterized by specific symptoms in each of the glands. Since the pituitary gland is exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors earlier and more often than the adrenal glands, and the adrenal glands are earlier than the thyroid gland, dystrophic and destructive changes in the pituitary and adrenal glands are more pronounced at the early stage of the experiment. These morphological changes can change the hormonal status of the body and lead to dysfunction of the endocrine system as a whole – a decrease in the functional activity of the glands to some extent, and even inhibition of adenohypophyseal cells. Key words: staphylococcal infection, peritonitis, pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands

Lymphoepithelial Cysts of the Thyroid Gland

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. e205-e208
Author(s):  
Elliot Carter ◽  
Ozlem Ulusarac
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Chronic Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Lymphoepithelial Cysts ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Solid Cell ◽  
Branchial Cleft Cysts

Abstract We report a case of multiple lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland in a patient with severe chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid gland are rare lesions that are histologically similar to branchial cleft cysts found in the lateral neck. The cysts have an epithelial lining that is usually stratified squamous epithelium but may be focally respiratory-type epithelium. Abundant lymphoid tissue is present beneath the epithelium, and lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers are common features in the walls of the cysts. Because of their similarity to branchial cleft cysts and the presence of intrathyroidal branchiae-derived structures such as thymus and parathyroid gland tissue in the vicinity of some cysts, lymphoepithelial cysts of the thyroid have been postulated to arise from remnants of branchial derivatives; origination from solid cell nest remnants of the ultimobranchial bodies has been raised as a possibility. A definitive origin, however, has not been established. An association with chronic thyroiditis has been noted in 8 of the previously reported 16 cases occurring in a background of Hashimoto or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

scholarly journals ENGLISH VERSION: AGE FEATURES OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE (131I) ABSORPTION BY RAT THYROID GLANDS IN CORRECTION OF THE DIETARY IODINE DEFICIENCY WITH ORGANIC IODINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
O.I. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The structure of endocrine morbidity is characterized by a significant spread of thyroid pathology. The insufficient efficacy of inorganic iodine drugs poses the problem of search for new means for iodine deficiency treatment and prevention. Given the progressive aging of the population in economically developed countries, the purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of organic iodine on the features of absorption and elimination of radioactive iodine from the thyroid glands of variously aged rats in the conditions of iodine deficiency in the diet. The study was performed on nonlinear white male rats in two series of studies that were kept on iodine-deficient isocaloric starch-casein diet for 60 days: the first series included two groups of old rats weighing 0.400-0.450 kg, the second series – two groups of sexually immature rats weighing 0.060-0.090 kg. There were 5 rats in each group. In animals of the experimental groups in each series, 10% of casein in the diet was replaced with organic iodine, which came with iodine-protein preparation from the red Black Sea algae Phyllophora nervosa. The functional state of the thyroid gland was studied using the Sodium Iodide Na 131 I Injection drug. The dosimetry was performed using the STS-6 Geiger-Muller Detector. Radioindication of the thyroid gland was carried out after subcutaneous administration of 0.1 ml of 131I solution at the following time intervals: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of 131I. The study results were presented as a percentage of the radioiodine dose administered, adjusted for natural radioactivity background and the radioactive decay of the drug. It was found that in the iodine deficiency conditions, the thyroid glands of old rats have higher rates of radioiodine absorption and a lower rate of its excretion than the glands of immature rats, which indicates their lower iodine reserve and greater liability to iodine deficiency pathology. Intake of organic iodine regardless of the rats’ age is accompanied by a decrease in radioiodine accumulation and acceleration of its excretion from the thyroid gland, which indicates a decrease in functional stress, but the glands of older rats absorb more iodine and excrete it more slowly, indicating less effective correction of iodine deficiency with age. Reduced functional activity of the thyroid glands in old rats can be used as a sensitive changes marker for the in-depth study of thyrotropic and thyroid disrupting effects.

scholarly journals Hormones of thyroid gland in sera of rats treated with different dose of concentrated potassium iodine solutions

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Markovic ◽  
Violeta Mihailovic-Vucinic ◽  
Jelena Aritonovic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Necrosis ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Potassium Iodine ◽  
Iodine Dose

Introduction Potassium iodine (KI) is used as a drug therapy for treating numerous diseases such as small-vessel vasculitis, erythema nodosum, vasculitis nodularis, Sweet's syndrome, tuberculosis and granulomatosis, and for iodized salt. At the same time, KI can be harmful. Iodine intake may increase the frequency of thyroiditis in humans, and may induce the occurrence of experimental thyroiditis (ET) in animals. Investigations on an experimental model for the examination of thyroiditis in Wistar rats have clearly showed morphological changes in the rat thyroid evoked by KI administration. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of low and high doses of KI on the thyroid gland of Wistar rats and determine the effect on hormone status (T4, T3 and TSH) in this rat strain. Methods Two groups of rats from the Wistar strain were treated with a low iodine dose (225 ?g/g BW) and with a high iodine dose (675 ?g/g BW) of KI solutions. Untreated nonimmunized animals served as controls. The solution was administrated daily intraperitoneally during the period of 26 consecutive days. Results Monitoring hormone status (TSH, T3 and T4) and morphological changes it was found that therapeutic doses of KI applied in treatment induced the occurrence of experimental thyroiditis (chronic destructive Hashimoto's thyroiditis in humans) and cell necrosis in animals not carrying a genetic susceptibility. Significant inflammatory changes were observed in rats treated with a high iodine dose. Conclusion The early iodine induced cell necrosis and inflammation in the nonimmunized animals without genetic susceptibility is a new experimental model of thyroiditis. .

scholarly journals Drug utilization in treatment of thyroid disorders during pregnancy in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Olga Horvat ◽  
Zdenko Tomic ◽  
Vesna Mijatovic ◽  
Ana Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novi Sad

Introduction. Depleted uranium radiation and pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls resulting from bombings the territories of Serbia as well as the additional long-term stress may have affected the function of thyroid gland. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of drug utilization in the treatment of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy in Novi Sad. Material and Methods. Women who had given birth at the Department of Gynecology in 1989, 1999, 2007 and 2011 were interviewed during a one-month period about thyroid diseases in the pregnancy as well as the drugs they had taken. Results. Not a single pregnant woman was reported to have a thyroid disorder in 1989 and 1999, while in 2007 four women were reported to have a thyroid dysfunction. In 2011, fourteen out of 18 women with thyroid dysfunction were using levothyroxine and in most cases hypothyroidism was diagnosed as autoimmune Hashimoto thyroiditis. Conclusion. The study results suggest the necessity of performing more detailed analyses of the correlation between the frequency of the thyroid gland dysfunction and the effects of environmental pollution in Serbia.

scholarly journals Histo-morphology of cutaneous papillomatosis in indigenous cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ayman ◽  
S. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Internal Core ◽  
Perineal Region

Background: Papillomatosis is a viral disease manifested with benign cutaneous growths (skin epithelium hyperplasia) in different body parts which is encountered in cattle, goat, dog, rabbit, horse, rodent and also in human. The purpose of the present study is to detect the histo-morphological changes of cutaneous papillomatosis in indigenous cattle. Methods: Ten (10) random samples from skin lesions of warts were collected from adult indigenous cattle (10 cattle) that were diagnosed as cutaneous papillomatosis by clinical examination at Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. For gross observations, location of appearance of warts, color and size was taken into consideration. Immediately after collection of sample, they were preserved in Bouin’s fluid followed by dehydration, clearing and infiltration and finally embedded by paraffin wax. Then samples were sectioned using rotatory microtome and stained with Harris’s Haematoxylin and Eosin Y to facilitate microscopic study. Results: The results of present study revealed that cutaneous papillomas were mostly located on the head and neck, around eyes, under the chin and perineal region in indigenous cattle. Grossly, warts in cattle are bumpy or cauliflower-like masses of various sizes and numbers that projected from the skin having grey, rough, scaly, and dry surface. When incised, its cut surface has an external layer- keratinized epithelium and an internal core- moist white connective tissue. Histopathological changes indicate hyperplastic features of the affected skin layers of epidermis. Further, the microscopic analysis also revealed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and down word hyperplasia, fibrovascular area, keratohyalin granules and koilocytes at different layers of the affected skin. Conclusion: The results of this present study might be useful for the classification and treatment of this common malady based on its histological changes.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles on Chick Embryo and Chick Fibroblast Cell Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Asadollah Asadi ◽  
◽  
Arash Abdolmaleki ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Zinc Sulfide ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Zns Nanoparticles ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles ◽  
Fibroblastic Cells

Aims Nanoparticles (particles with a diameter of 10-500 nm) are currently used in the cosmetics industry as well as for pharmaceuticals, diagnostic imaging, and tissue engineering. Since these nanoparticles are used in industry and drug delivery, they can also be used by pregnant women. Thus, the current study investigated the teratogenic and cytotoxic effects of Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles on the embryo and their fibroblastic cell culture. Methods & Materials Zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were synthesized. Then, nanoparticles at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 40 mg/mL/egg were injected into the air sac of the eggs in three replicates on the third day of incubation. Next, the treated and control eggs, on day 19 of incubation were opened, and embryos were weighted, and the relevant mortality rate was recorded. Fibroblast cells were isolated, cultured, and treated from the control embryo, and morphological changes and cell survival percentages were recorded. Findings The obtained results revealed that the embryos’ survival rate depends on the nanoparticle concentration. As a result, at the highest concentration, only 36.32% of the embryos survived, and the lethal dose 50% (LD50) was equal to 32.47 mg/egg. Morphological study of the treated embryos club foot and skeletal staining suggested the deletion of caudal vertebrate. The cytotoxicity study results of ZnS nanoparticles on fibroblastic cells indicated the survival fractions of 88.45%, 68.75%, and 49.32%, respectively, and its IC50 value was measured aas1460 μM. Conclusion The present study results suggested that ZnS nanoparticles had no significant toxic effects on the embryos and culture of chicken fibroblastic cells at low concentrations.

DYNAMIC MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE THYROID GLAND ASSOCIATED WITH DEPLETION OF DEUTERIUM BODY CONTENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Timokhina ◽  
◽  
Nataliya Yaglova ◽  
Sergey Obernikhin ◽  
Valentin Yaglov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Deuterium Content ◽  
Thyroid Cells

Dynamics of morphological changes in the thyroid gland of mice, consuming water with lower deuterium content, was studied. Primary changes in structure were indicative of more active hormone secretion. Later morphological signs of inhibited hormone secretion were found. The findings demonstrate sensitivity of thyroid cells to shifts in deuterium body con-tent.

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