scholarly journals Hausarbeit in Partnerschaften – die Rolle von Präferenzstrukturen. Ein innovativer Ansatz zur Erklärung von Verteilungsmustern

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-259
Author(s):  
Sabine Buchebner-Ferstl
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Household Tasks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

The findings presented in this article have emerged from the qualitative study “The glass partitioning wall” (an analogue to the well known “glass ceiling”) in which 40 Austrian couples with at least one child (aged six or younger) have been interviewed about their division of housework. Based on the results, a well-grounded theoretical explanation model for the division of housework could be developed. The leading factors of the model are internal factors, the „preferences“, of the partners, which include “gender equity in the division of tasks”, “perceived competence in household (or family) tasks” and “standards for household tasks”. In the qualitative study on the individual level as well as on the partnership-level specific patterns in couples’ attitudes could be identified. For example, a high degree of perceived own competences for household tasks is mostly attended by high and elaborated standards. Zusammenfassung Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse sind aus der qualitativen Studie „The glass partitioning wall“ (in Anlehnung an den Begriff der „glass ceiling“) hervorgegangen, in der 40 österreichische Paare mit mindestens einem Kind unter sechs Jahren zur Aufgabenverteilung im Haushalt befragt wurden. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte ein fundiertes theoretisches Modell der Arbeitsteilung im Haushalt entwickelt werden. Den zentralen Bestandteil des Modells bilden internale Faktoren, so genannte Präferenzen der Partner, die als Verteilungsüberzeugungen, Kompetenzüberzeugungen und Gestaltungsprinzipien in Erscheinung treten. In der qualitativen Studie ließen sich sowohl auf der Ebene des Individuums als auch auf Paarebene typische Muster identifizieren, die jeweils durch eine spezifische Konstellation hinsichtlich der Präferenzen gekennzeichnet sind. So gehen etwa hohe Kompetenzzuschreibungen an die eigene Person zumeist mit höheren Ansprüchen und sehr konkreten Gestaltungsprinzipien einher.

scholarly journals Analysis of Desires of the Main Character in the Short Story “Ein Tisch ist ein Tisch” by Peter Bichsel: A Study of Deleuze and Guattari’s Schizoanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
M. Kharis ◽  
Rosyidah Rosyidah ◽  
Sawitri Retnantiti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Recording Techniques

This study aims to describe the desires of the main character ‘der Mann’ in the short story by Peter Bichsel using Deleuze and Guattari’s Schizoanalysis theory. This was a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. The research data were comprised of words, phrases, and sentences. The collected data were subsequently categorized into types of desires. Data were analyzed using reading and recording techniques and described based on the proportion of desires. The results of the analysis showed that the main character receives constant pressures from society, leading to the emergence of paranoid desire, a desire that is formed due to the pressure of particular systems or social codes outside of the main character. This desire is schizophrenic at the individual level. In the short story, this desire is manifested through the creation of a new language by ‘der Mann’. In the end, the main character ‘der Mann’ can use new vocabulary at the levels of phrases and sentences, but unable to influence other language users. As a result, his newly self-created language is unacceptable in society. However, the schizophrenic desire at the individual level has the potential to destruct social formation

scholarly journals Explaining the Varieties of Volunteering in Europe: A Capability Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Enjolras
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Structural Indicators

AbstractVolunteer rates vary greatly across Europe despite the voluntary sector’s common history and tradition. This contribution advances a theoretical explanation for the variation in volunteering across Europe—the capability approach—and tests this approach by adopting a two-step strategy for modeling contextual effects. This approach, referring to the concept of capability introduced by Sen (Choice, welfare and measurement, Oxford University Press, 1980/1982), is based on the claim that the demand and supply sides of the voluntary sector can be expected to vary according to collective and individual capabilities to engage in volunteering. To empirically test the approach, the study relied on two data sources—the 2015 European Union (EU) Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), including an ad hoc module on volunteering at the individual level, and the Quality of Government Institute and PEW Research Center macro-level data sets—to operationalize economic, human, political, social, and religious contextual factors and assess their effects on individuals’ capability to volunteer. The results support the capability hypothesis at both levels. At the individual level, indicators of human, economic, and social resources have a positive effect on the likelihood of volunteering. At the contextual level, macro-structural indicators of economic, political, social, and religious contexts affect individuals’ ability to transform resources into functioning—that is, volunteering.

scholarly journals Contextual Effects on the Gendered Division of Housework: A Cross-Country and Cross-Time Analysis

Sex Roles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Mandel ◽  
Amit Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Contextual Effect ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Women's Labor Force Participation

AbstractIndividuals who espouse an egalitarian gender ideology as well as economically independent women benefit from a more egalitarian division of housework. Although these two individual-level characteristics affect the gender division of housework, each suggests a different mechanism; the former is anchored within an economic logic and the latter within a cultural one. Using data of 25 countries from the 2002 and 2012 “Family and Changing Gender Roles” modules of the International Social Survey Program, we examine whether a country’s mean gender ideology and women’s labor force participation (WLFP) rate have a distinct contextual effect beyond these individual-level effects. We predict that the division of housework between married or cohabitating partners will be more egalitarian in countries with higher WLFP rates and in countries with more egalitarian attitudes, even after controlling for the two variables at the individual level. Given the cross-country convergence in WLFP, but not in gender ideology, we expect the effect of WLFP to decline over time and the effect of gender ideology to remain salient. Indeed, our multi-level analysis indicates that the net effect of WLFP, which was evident in 2002, had disappeared by 2012. By contrast, the net contextual effect of gender ideology, which was not significant in 2002, had become an important determinant of housework division by 2012. We conclude that further changes will depend on a country’s prevalent gender ideology because the equalizing effect of WLFP on the division of housework may have reached its limit.

scholarly journals Gender Diversity: An Analysis of Belize Banks

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Philippa S. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Senior Leaders ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This study aims to increase insights into the underrepresentation of women at the top echelon of banks and reveal new challenges for women to attain bank leadership positions. Content analysis was applied to information collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with primarily male senior leaders from banks in Belize, and the interview data was triangulated with data from relevant documents and Belize banks’ succession plans to demonstrate consistency. Participants unanimously indicated that banking skills are not gender specific, women bankers possess talent and knowledge to satisfy senior appointments, and differences in employee performance occur at the individual-level and not genderlevel. Other findings show new challenges for aspiring female bank leaders, namely, competing in a pool expanded to include foreign men and demonstrating business development with male customers can occur professionally outside normal banking hours. The setting reflects Belize’s banking sector. Awareness of non-traditional challenges can assist women with self-preparation and influence greater transparency in banks’ succession plans and selection of leaders. This was the first such study on Belize banks; it raised awareness and could influence more deliberate decision-making on achieving gender equity in the sector’s leadership. The study confirmed traditional elements of the glass ceiling and underscored challenges of overcoming Belize banks’ mores.

Does it take a village? Fostering gender equity among early adolescents in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Lundgren ◽  
Susannah Gibbs ◽  
Brad Kerner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Community Interventions ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rural Nepal

AbstractBackground Gender inequity contributes to a range of poor health outcomes. Early adolescence presents a window of opportunity for gender transformative interventions to shift inequitable gender norms, attitudes and behaviors.Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate a set of individual, family and community interventions to increase gender equity among very young adolescents (VYAs) in rural Nepal.Methods Two communities received the individual-level Choices intervention as well the family and community Voices and Promises interventions (CVP). Two comparison communities received only Choices. Samples of 1200 VYAs and 600 parents were interviewed at baseline before implementation and at end line 1 year later.Results In both CVP and Choices only areas most measures of gender norms, attitudes, and behaviors improved, suggesting a positive effect of the individual-level intervention. Increases in norms, attitudes, and behaviors reported by VYAs were generally greater in CVP areas compared to Choices areas, suggesting an added benefit from the family and community interventions. Parent-reported measures did not demonstrate an intervention effect of the family and community interventions. Uneven evaluation results, particularly among parents, may reflect implementation challenges such as the compressed 3-month intervention period due to the 2015 earthquakes and subsequent political unrest.Conclusion Overall findings are encouraging and suggest that adding family and community interventions may improve gender equity.

scholarly journals Integration of Health Coaching Concepts and Skills into Clinical Practice Among VHA Providers: A Qualitative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2164957X1875746 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Collins ◽  
Kirsten Thompson ◽  
Katharine A. Atwood ◽  
Melissa H. Abadi ◽  
David L. Rychener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Coaching ◽  
System Level ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Coaching Skills ◽  
The Individual

Background Although studies of health coaching for behavior change in chronic disease prevention and management are increasing, to date no studies have reported on what concepts and skills providers integrate into their clinical practice following participation in health coaching courses. The purpose of this qualitative study was to assess Veterans Health Administration (VHA) providers’ perceptions of the individual-level and system-level changes they observed after participating with colleagues in a 6-day Whole Health Coaching course held in 8 VHA medical centers nationwide. Methods Data for this study were from the follow-up survey conducted with participants 2 to 3 months after completing the training. A total of 142 responses about individual-level changes and 99 responses about system-level changes were analyzed using content analysis. Results Eight primary themes emerged regarding individual changes, including increased emphasis on Veterans’ values, increased use of listening and other specific health coaching skills in their clinical role, and adding health coaching to their clinical practice.Four primary themes emerged regarding system-level changes, including leadership support, increased staff awareness/support/learning and sharing, increased use of health coaching skills or tools within the facility, and organizational changes demonstrating a more engaged workforce, such as new work groups being formed or existing groups becoming more active. Conclusions Findings suggest that VHA providers who participate in health coaching trainings do perceive positive changes within themselves and their organizations. Health coaching courses that emphasize patient-centered care and promote patient–provider partnerships likely have positive effects beyond the individual participants that can be used to promote desired organizational change.

scholarly journals Professional resilience in GPs working in areas of socioeconomic deprivation: a qualitative study in primary care

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (677) ◽  
pp. e819-e825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Eley ◽  
Ben Jackson ◽  
Chris Burton ◽  
Elizabeth Walton
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Framework Approach ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundGPs working in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation face particular challenges, and are at increased risk of professional burnout. Understanding how GPs working in such areas perceive professional resilience is important in order to recruit and retain a GP workforce in these areas.AimTo understand how GPs working in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation consider professional resilience.Design and settingA qualitative study of GPs practising in deprived areas within one primary care region of England.MethodIn total, 14 individual interviews and one focus group of eight participants were undertaken, with sampling to data saturation. A framework approach was used for data analysis.ResultsParticipants described three key themes relating to resilience. First, resilience was seen as involving flexibility and adaptability. This involved making trade-offs in order to keep going, even if this was imperfect. Second, resilience was enacted through teams rather than through individual strength. Third, resilience required the integration of personal and professional values rather than keeping the two separate. This dynamic adaptive view, with an emphasis on the importance of individuals within teams rather than in isolation, contrasts with the discourse of resilience as a personal characteristic, which should be strengthened at the individual level.ConclusionProfessional resilience is about more than individual strength. Policies to promote professional resilience, particularly in settings such as areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, must recognise the importance of flexibility, adaptability, working as teams, and successful integration between work and personal values.

scholarly journals Learning or leaving? An international qualitative study of factors affecting the resilience of female family doctors

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Shiner ◽  
Jessica Watson ◽  
Noemi Doohan ◽  
Amanda Howe
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
External Support ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
The Individual

​BackgroundMany countries have insufficient numbers of family doctors, and more females than males leave the workforce at a younger age or have difficulty sustaining careers. Understanding the differing attitudes, pressures, and perceptions between genders toward their medical occupation is important to minimise workforce attrition.​AimTo explore factors influencing the resilience of female family doctors during lifecycle transitions.​Design & settingInternational qualitative study with female family doctors from all world regions.​MethodTwenty semi-structured online Skype interviews, followed by three focus groups to develop recommendations. Data were transcribed and analysed using applied framework analysis.​ResultsInterview participants described a complex interface between competing demands, expectations of their gender, and internalised expectations of themselves. Systemic barriers, such as lack of flexible working, excessive workload, and the cumulative impacts of unrealistic expectations impaired the ability to fully contribute in the workplace. At the individual level, resilience related to: the ability to make choices; previous experiences that had encouraged self-confidence; effective engagement to obtain support; and the ability to handle negative experiences. External support, such as strong personal networks, and an adaptive work setting and organisation or system maximised interviewees’ professional contributions.​ConclusionOn an international scale, female family doctors experience similar pressures from competing demands during lifecycle transitions; some of which relate to expectations of the female's ’role’ in society, particularly around the additional personal pressures of caring commitments. Such situations could be predicted, planned for, and mitigated with explicit support mechanisms and availability of workplace choices. Healthcare organisations and systems around the world should recognise this need and implement recommendations to help reduce workforce losses. These findings are likely to be of interest to all health professional staff of any gender.

Becoming a Learning Agile Organization

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-364
Author(s):  
Kim E. Ruyle ◽  
Kenneth P. De Meuse ◽  
Charles W. Hughley
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Learning From Experience ◽  
Learning Agility ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Agile Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Agile Organizations

“Becoming a Learning Agile Organization” describes the most prevalent cultural attributes and talent management methods of learning agile organizations. Overall, it is shown that the same learning agile attributes on the individual level (e.g., quickly learning from experience; being strategically focused, willing to experiment and take risks; understanding one’s personal strengths and limitations; and being responsive to feedback) transcend to organizations that are highly learning agile. For example, leaders in learning agile organizations tend to be approachable and empathetic, and they promote a high degree of psychological safety that promotes experimentation and learning. Recommendations are provided to promote organizational learning agility by optimizing talent management practices, including talent differentiation, staffing, career management, talent development, and succession planning.

scholarly journals Physicians’, Nurses’ and Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Determinants to Deprescribing in Nursing Homes Considering Three Levels of Action: A Qualitative Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Rose-Anna Foley ◽  
Lucie Lechevalier Hurard ◽  
Damien Cateau ◽  
Daria Koutaissoff ◽  
Olivier Bugnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
System Level ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Medication Costs ◽  
The Individual

Background: Polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications are frequent safety issues among nursing home (NH) residents. Deprescribing can significantly reduce the number of drugs used, medication costs, and mortality. This qualitative study sought to understand and compare the perceptions and practices of nurses, pharmacists, and physicians regarding deprescribing in Swiss NHs, referring to an implementation approach on three levels of action: the individual, the institution, and the healthcare system. Methods: Two focus groups were held with 21 participants: one focus group with 11 pharmacists, another with 10 nurses and six semi-structured interviews with physicians were conducted and focused on their individual experience and practices. They were audiotaped and fully transcribed, and a content analysis was performed using to MAXQDA (Ver 12) software. Results: (1) At an individual level, physicians were concerned by consequences of deprescribing in terms of safety. Nurses were closest to residents and stressed the importance of finding the right time, creating a bond of trust before deprescribing and considering the purpose of the stay in the NH. Pharmacists relied on structured guides for deprescribing, which led their reflection and practice. All professionals saw the complexity of the clinical situations, as well as residents’ and relatives’ fears of interruption of care. (2) At an institutional level, the professionals stressed the lack of time to discuss patients’ health and treatment, while pre-existing interprofessional collaboration, specifically, quality circles, seemed useful tools to create common knowledge. In order to reduce prescriptions, better coordination between physicians, nurses, pharmacists and specialists seemed crucial. (3) At the health system level, funding still needs to be provided to consolidate the process, go beyond organisational constraints and ensure deprescribing serves the patient’s wellbeing above all. Conclusions: At the individual level of implementation, the different healthcare professionals expressed specific concerns about deprescribing, depending on their defined role in NHs. Their perspective about the different levers to promote deprescribing at institutional and healthcare system levels converge towards interprofessional collaboration supported by the healthcare system. Specific funding and incentives are therefore needed to support a sustainable interprofessional team.

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