Students’ Understanding on Spoken Discourse in The Context of English Language Teaching (ELT) at University

This is a case study on students’ understanding towards a subject of discourse analysis at English language education study program at University in Indonesia. The goal of this study is to describe the definitions, the examples, and the applications of spoken discourse analysis on their context of English language teaching (ELT). The writers used qualitative research approach to analyze these data through implementing Atlas.ti8 which is known as the tool of analyzing the field qualitative data. The sample was the students of 7th grade semester consisting 30 people. In collecting the data, we used online direct interview in the classroom and by time they replied the questions on the time using the google form by Microsoft. In analyzing the data, we used atlas.ti.8 online to draw the result of the research as followings; that students’ understanding about the definitions of spoken discourse analysis have some various key terms like; -a research method of spoken language, -knowledge of language, how language used, study of language, and study of the texts. Then, its examples are; they can picturize as; speaking on the phone, conversation, interview, putting markers, turn taking, group of discussion, using advertisement, people interaction, joke, speech, also transferring information. Moreover, its applications are such as; communicating with teachers/parents, interacting with students/people, go to the market, baby crying, ceremony, and communicating with friends. The conclusion is that spoken discourse analysis has been understood by students even though it is not easy to define, giving example and declaring the application in the real context English language teaching. Keywords: students’ understanding, spoken discourse analysis, ELT

The Representation of Gender in a Textbook Entitled When English Rings a Bell

Despite countless criticism that English textbooks contain gender biases, teachers still use textbooks in their teaching. This study investigated the representation of gender in an English textbook for junior high school level: When English Rings a Bell. Halliday’s transitivity system (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004, 2014) is applied in this qualitative study to reveal how gender is represented. The result shows female characters dominate the roles of Participants. Regarding the types of Processes, the depictions of male and female characters are both significant in Relational processes; however, female characters are more frequently represented than male characters in other Processes. It is observed that both males and females are mostly attributed with positive personality adjectives. Only a few male characters are associated with negative traits. This study is expected to provide teachers and book authors with references of gender representations in the textbook so they can be aware of the imbalance and actively contribute to lessen this discrepancy. Keywords: Textbook, gender representation, English, ideology

Teaching Oral English In Indonesian EFL Contexts During Globalized Challenging Time

This paper addresses the limited studies on Oral English (OE) worldwide and the absence of OE research publications from Indonesian contexts. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap. This 6-month research project was undertaken in the Department of English Education at one of the public universities in Makassar, Indonesia. Out of 100 students, 30 student participants and 3 lecturers consented to engage voluntarily in the project. The data from questionnaires were analyzed via Ms. Excel's quantitative analysis thematically. The study indicates that students’ reflections on strategies of teaching OE: appropriate topic for presentation, logical sequence of presented information, and acknowledge the source of teaching materials. This study has the implication for the teaching of OE in other similar geographical contexts and settings and can be useful strategies for OE teachers and practitioners.Keywords: Perceptions, Students, Strategies, Teaching Oral English, EFL

Conceptual Metaphor about Corona Virus: Cognitive Semantic Analysis

Conceptual metaphors are the result of mental construction, conceptualization of the experience of human life. In Japanese, metaphorical features are often found in conveying information so that information can be easily understood. This study aimed to describe the conceptual metaphors found at the Japanese Prime Minister's Press Conference, Shinzo Abe on March 14 and 28, 2020 through the official website kantei.go.jp. The research method used was descriptive qualitative analysis. Data were collected by taking text that contained metaphorical elements and then selected. Data selection was based on the basic principle of metaphor, which was the mapping from the source domain to the target domain. Then the data were classified based on the type of metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson and the type of image scheme by Cruse and Croft. Based on the study done, there were three types of conceptual metaphors, 1) Structural metaphors with conceptuals meaning of enemy, medical treatment, control, and mind; 2) Orientational metaphors with conceptual meaning of disadvantage, and approval; 3) Ontological metaphors with conceptuals meaning of finance, and emotion. In addition, there were also six types of image schemes, namely the image scheme of Strength, Existence, Identity, Scale, Space, and Unity.Keywords: Conceptual Meaning, Press Conference, Cognitive Semantic, Image Scheme

Contestation of Perspectives Toward Suicide in The Film Monsieur Lazhar (2011) by Philippe Falardeau

Suicide is one of the causes of death that occurs in a global scope but always causes divisive perspectives in various circles of society. For most people, suicide is a taboo topic, but not for other groups. The film Monsieur Lazhar (2011) is a film that shows the different perspectives between different age groups, namely the adult age group and the young age group, on a suicide that occurred at an elementary school in Montreal, Canada. This study aims at determining the different perspectives of the two different parties on suicide and the reasons for these differences in views. Pierre Bourdieu’s Champ de Force theory is the lens used in this research. The difference in perspective is influenced by the disposition system which Bourdieu calls the habitus. Habitus operates in a realm (champ). In the film, the domain in question is school. Meanwhile, Durkheim’s theory of suicide was chosen to determine the relationship of social problems to suicide. The method used in this research is content analysis. The data used are the chronological text of the scenes and the transcript of the conversations from the film. From the research, it was found that the school, which is the adult age group, has a counter and stigmatic view of suicide, reinforced by perceptions of psychological problems and social taboos. Meanwhile, students, who are in the young age group, tend to view suicide as a problem related to personal aspects and personal experiences so that they do not have a judgmental attitude like the school. Keywords : Suicide, Contestation, Realm, Perspective, Habitus

When teaching must go on: ESP teachers’ strategies and challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic

Online classes have been rampant since the global spread of COVID-19. ESP teaching in higher education institutions is no exception, following the national government’s call to employ an online mode of teaching. Although technology has been long used to facilitate the teaching-learning process, the practice of online teaching is not without problems. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating ESP teachers’ strategies to make effective lessons delivery, optimize students class participation, and what challenges were emergent during their online teaching. The participants of this study were six ESP teachers in five private and one state universities who teach in various non-English departments. Data were gathered through interviews via WhatsApp. The findings showed that the strategies employed by ESP teachers were among others: ensuring instruction clarity, employing various learning platforms, virtual grouping, using authentic materials, etc. To optimize students’ online class participation was done by scoring students’ active participation, not giving non-doable tasks, using more asynchronous than synchronous method, etc. The challenges are having inconsistent internet connection, teaching while taking care for children, difficulty in monitoring students’ progress, etc. The findings imply the need of serious attention from higher education institutions in conducting ESP online teaching during this pandemic as it requires not only technical preparedness, but also most importantly the human aspect involved in it. Keywords: strategies, challenges, online teaching, ESP, pandemic

Phonological Adaptation of Hokkien Loanwords in Indonesian

The Chinese loan words in Indonesian mainly come from the Hokkien. Many scholars have studied the Hokkien loanwords in Indonesian, but they analyzed from the perspective of semantics and culture, and there is still little research on phonological adaptation. This research attempts to answer three questions, namely, what phonological adaptation do the Hokkien loanwords in Indonesian have in the process of being accepted? Are there sound correspondences between Hokkien loanwords in Indonesian? What are the phonological rules for phonological adaptation of Hokkien loanwords in Indonesian? This research is mainly based on the literature method and comparative research method. Data were collected through literature search and recording. The collected data were processed for natural hearing, a comparative analysis of two Indonesian Hokkien speakers' sound production, and four Indonesian speakers' sound production is conducted. The sound production of the speakers are segmented and coded manually using Praat Version 6.0 (Boersma & Weenink, 2015) focused on the measurements of the acoustic parameters of the sounds produced differently by the two groups of informants and, finally, summed up. Since Indonesian has a more uncomplicated vowel system and a different consonant inventory, when we look at the Hokkien loanwords in Indonesian, we will observe many substitution rules. To maintain the Indonesian syllable structure and phonological restrictions, the Indonesian phonological rules that appear in certain environments are considered to apply to Hokkien loanwords.Keywords: Language contact, Hokkien loanwords, Phonological adaptation

Slang Words in Me, and Earl, and The Dying Girl Novel: Type and Interpretation

As a written representation of society, novel contains sociolinguistic issues which deserve a comprehensive analysis one of which is the use of slang words. This study explored slang words used in Me and Earl and the Dying Girl, a novel written by Jesse Andrews. The aims of this study were to categorize types of slang words used in the novel and to explain the interpretations of them. The data were collected from the dialogues in the novel. Using qualitative approach, the writer used the theory of Chapman (1988) to classify the data into their types. To explain the interpretations of slang words, the writer analyzed the role relationship among the speakers, the way the actors speak, and the meaning of each slang word found using slang dictionaries. The analysis reveals that as the relationship among the actors are equal and they naturally raise within the community, actors in the novel dominantly use primary slang words. Conversation using secondary slang words take place when the actors are not engaged within the community.Keywords: Novel, Slang Words, Sociolinguistics

Hermeneutics Perspective: Number and Personal Grammatical Equivalence of Google Translate

Due to translation process by Google Translate (GT) is recently common, analyzing its translation equivalence is required. Conducted as descriptive qualitative research, this content analysis study provides descriptions of number and personal equivalence aspects toward sentence meaning in hermeneutics view. There were 90 English sentences analyzed as research sample resulting 7 types of meaning equivalence phenomenon: 1) target text (TT) has number equivalent meaning and the sentence is hermeneutically accepted, 2) TT has no number equivalent meaning yet the sentence is hermeneutically accepted, 3) TT has no number equivalent meaning and the sentence is not hermeneutically accepted, 4) TT has personal equivalent meaning and the sentence is hermeneutically accepted, 5) TT has no personal equivalent meaning yet the sentence is hermeneutically accepted, 6) TT has no personal equivalent meaning and the sentence is not hermeneutically accepted, and 7) both personal meaning equivalence and sentence hermeneutics point of view cannot be identified due to clusivity of Indonesian. It is concluded that GT is able to provide 53% meaning accuracy in terms of number aspect and 86.6% of number aspect sentences are hermeneutically accepted. GT provides 53% meaning accuracy in personal aspect and 73.3% of personal aspect sentences are hermeneutically accepted. Figures show higher hermeneutical acceptance than the meaning equivalent indicate that GT in Indonesian is considered to be understandable for basic need of clause and sentence level for common information in terms of number and personal equivalence, but for detailed information especially those of number, masculine/feminine, and clusivity phenomenon in Indonesian more enhancement for accuracy is needed.Keywords: meaning equivalence, hermeneutics, clusivity

Improving German Listening Competence by the NURS Teaching Model

Listening is a receptive language competence named as the beginning of the catching on information, and it will be helpfully on the ideas developing. This study is a classroom action research (CAR) and aimed at German listening competence increase of students by implementing the NURS teaching model. NURS is an abbreviation of Nature, Unique, Relevant, and Situational. It is a didactic, constructively, metacognitive, humanly, intercultural, instructional, and technological-based learning procedure. Kemmis and Taggar model consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection for every cycle, was utilized to implement this CAR in the German educational department at the Faculty of Language and Literature 25 students in the second semester as the research sample with two circles. The syllabus, teaching plan, student activity sheet, and listening formative test were implemented as the research instrument. The data analyzed by using percentage techniques. The result shows that the average student's German listening competence in the first cycle is 46. After they learned in the second, they could not be in minimum score standard 75 because their average score is 61. Their competence percentage increased by 35.16% to 81.16. Another important thing about using the NURS teaching model on learning German is the positive effect on the teacher's teaching skills, like management of teaching, time, and how to make students more enthusiastic during the learning process. It can be concluded that the NURS teaching model can improve the student's German listening competence in the German educational department at the Faculty of Language and Literature of Makassar State University. Keywords: Classroom Action Research, NURS Teaching Model, German, Listening Competence