scholarly journals Review Article: Presepsin: New Biomaker to Evaluate Empirical Antibiotic Therapy Outcome in Septic Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Aldita Cahyani Puspitasari ◽  
Ayu Mawari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Septic Condition

This review presents key publications from the research field of new biomarker of sepsis and other relevant journals during 2009-2015. The results of these experimental studies and clinical trials are discussed in the context of biomarker for sepsis and the accuracy of presepsin for optimising antibiotic therapy. The discussion highlights and summarises articles on three main topics: diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, presepsin as new biomarkers, and outcome studies. According to the review, presepsin is specific biomarker for bacterial infections compare with CRP and PCT. It may be useful to evaluate the empirical antibiotic outcome in sepsis condition.

scholarly journals A case of pneumonia and sepsis in cirrhosis as paradigm of the problems in the management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis and of the limitations of current knowledge

2013 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Manuel Tufoni ◽  
Alessandra Tovoli ◽  
Caterina Maggioli ◽  
Lucia Napoli ◽  
Carmen Serena Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Increased Risk

Bacterial infections are a major problem in the management of liver cirrhosis. They represent the first precipitating cause of death since patients with cirrhosis carry an increased risk of sepsis, sepsis-induced organ failure and death. Although the clinical presentation is often misleading, the presence of bacterial infection should always be actively searched and ruled out with certainty whenever a cirrhotic patient is admitted to the hospital with an acute clinical deterioration. Major changes in the epidemiology of bacterial infections have also occurred in the last decade making the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy a challenge. We report a paradigmatic case of a 54-year old man with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis admitted to the hospital for worsening of his ascites and onset of hepatic encephalopathy, an excellent example for the difficulties of management of sepsis in cirrhosis and the limits of current knowledge.

scholarly journals Low prevalence of bloodstream infection and high blood culture contamination rates in patients with COVID-19

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242533
Author(s):  
David Yu ◽  
Karolina Ininbergs ◽  
Karolina Hedman ◽  
Christian G. Giske ◽  
Kristoffer Strålin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Purpose In the management of COVID-19, knowledge is lacking on the frequency of secondary bacterial infections and on how empirical antibiotic therapy should be used. In the present study, we aimed to compare blood culture (BC) results of a COVID-19 patient cohort with two cohorts of patients without detected COVID-19. Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design of patients subjected to BC in six tertiary care hospitals, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients from March 1 to April 30 in 2020 (COVID-19 group) were compared to patients without confirmed SARS-CoV-2 during the same period (control group-2020) and with patients sampled March 1 to April 30 in 2019 (control group-2019). The outcomes studied were proportion of BC positivity, clinically relevant growth, and contaminant growth. Results In total 15,103 patients and 17,865 BC episodes were studied. Clinically relevant growth was detected in 197/3,027 (6.5%) BC episodes in the COVID-19 group compared to 717/6,663 (10.8%) in control group-2020 (p<0.0001) and 850/8,175 (10.4%) in control group-2019 (p<0.0001). Contamination was present in 255/3,027 (8.4%) BC episodes in the COVID-19 group compared to 330/6,663 (5.0%) in control group-2020 (p<0.0001) and 354/8,175 (4.3%) in control group-2019 (p<0.0001). Conclusion In COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of bloodstream bacterial infection is low and the contamination rate of BC is high. This knowledge should influence guidelines regarding blood culture sampling and empirical antibiotic therapy in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Fever without a focus in children 0-36 months of age

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kuzmanovic ◽  
Nevenka Roncevic ◽  
Aleksandra Stojadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Serious Bacterial Infections ◽  
Yale Observation Scale

Introduction. About 20% of fevers in childhood have no apparent cause. A small, but significant number of these children may have a seroius bacterial infection. Fever without a focus of infection is an acute febrile illness with rectal temperature of 38?C or higher in children younger than 36 months, without localizing signs or symptoms. Practice Guidelines for Medical Care. In this article, practical recommendations for medical care of febrile children 0-36 months of age are given, bearing in mind children's age, clinical presentation (toxic manifestations) and risk for serious bacterial infection (sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection...). Toxic appearance is a clinical presentation characterized by lethargy, poor perfusion, marked hypo/hyperventilation and cyanosis. All febrile children under 36 months of age, who are appearing toxic, require hospitalization, evaluation for sepsis and administration of empirical antibiotic therapy. All febrile neonates, however, must be hospitalized: cultures of blood, urine and spinal fluid should be taken and empirical antibiotic therapy administered immediately. Febrile infants, 28 to 90 days of age, need to be evaluated in order to determine whether they are in the low-risk group for serious bacterial infections (Rochester Criteria). Yale Observation Scale is recommended to assess febrile children aged 3-36 months, and the risk of occult bacteriemia. Febrile children, 3-36 months of age who appear well, with temperature of less than 39?C without focus, should be closely followed up without laboratory tests and antibiotics and 2-3 days later reexamined. In febrile children, 3-36 months old, with temperature of 39?C and above, without toxic manifestations, blood culture should be taken and ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg/in a single dose should be given, if leukocyte count is 15000/mm? or absolute neutrophil count is over 10.000/mm? .

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: Evidence From Clinical Trials and Putative Action Targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Schiano ◽  
Giuseppe Annunziata ◽  
Roberto Ciampaglia ◽  
Fortuna Iannuzzo ◽  
Maria Maisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Hypertriglyceridemia refers to the presence of elevated concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the bloodstream (TG &gt;200 mg/dL). This lipid alteration is known to be associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, contributing overall to the onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Guidelines for the management of hypertriglyceridemia are based on both lifestyle intervention and pharmacological treatment, but poor adherence, medication-related costs and side effects can limit the success of these interventions. For this reason, the search for natural alternative approaches to reduce plasma TG levels currently represents a hot research field. This review article summarizes the most relevant clinical trials reporting the TG-reducing effect of different food-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, based on the evidence obtained from in vitro studies, we provide a description and classification of putative targets of action through which several bioactive compounds can exert a TG-lowering effect. Future research may lead to investigations of the efficacy of novel nutraceutical formulations consisting in a combination of bioactive compounds which contribute to the management of plasma TG levels through different action targets.

P473 BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS: RISK FACTORS AND RATE OF FAILURE OF THE EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. S227 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Di Gregorio ◽  
C. Lucidi ◽  
V. Giannelli ◽  
B. Lattanzi ◽  
M. Giusto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Rate Of Failure

532: Empirical Antibiotic Therapy in the Management of Elevated Serum PSA- A Viable Option?

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
Chee Kwan Ng ◽  
Gerald Y. Tan ◽  
Khai Lee Toh ◽  
Sing Joo Chia ◽  
James K. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Viable Option

Procalcitonin Testingreduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Use in Bacterial Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Attabak Toofani Milani ◽  
Mahshid Mohammadian ◽  
Sadegh Rostaminasab ◽  
Roghayeh Paribananaem ◽  
Zohre Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Initial Rise

Conventional diagnostic test have limitations to deferential diagnosis in clinical suspicion ofbacterial infection cases, that in some cases lead to inappropriate antibiotic therapy and increases antibiotic resistance. A new diagnostic insight is procalcitonin (PCT) test to improve diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide antibiotic therapy. Serum PCT levels are of useful test as a biomarker in patients with bacterial infections for several reasons. Initial rise of PCT levels due to bacterial infection, subsequent sequential PCT levels can be used to assess the effectiveness and duration of antibiotic therapy. Based on clinical researches results, in bacterial infections, promising good results obtained when use of PCT used as differential diagnostic test. But further intervention studies are needed before use of PCT in clinical routine tests. The goal of this review is to study the PCT reliability as infections diagnostic biomarker.

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