scholarly journals Effectiveness of capsaicin nanoparticle gel of Capsicum frutescens L. on oral squamous cell carcinoma in Rattus norvegicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Fitri Aniowati ◽  
Cantika Nadrotan Naim ◽  
Nova Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Pratiwi Nur Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nodule Volume ◽  
The One

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an oral cancer with a low life expectancy, less than five years after diagnosis. The drug therapy often used for OSCC patients is cisplatin, but it is considered to cause tumour persistence, drug resistance, and high toxicity. Therefore, it is important to test the development of alternative drugs from natural ingredients. One potential ingredient is green chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). It contains capsaicin that functions as an anticancer agent by suppressing BCa tumorigenesis so that proliferation is inhibited, as well as increasing and preventing p53 antibody mutations that play a role in cancer cell apoptosis. Purpose: This study aimed to compare effectiveness using capsaicin nanoparticle gel from green chilli pepper extract levels of 1% and 3.3% to reduce OSCC nodules. Methods: This study used 20 Rattus norvegicus that were randomly divided into five groups; C- (rat without treatment), C+ (rat induced to 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)), E1 (DMBA exposed and given cisplatin, E2 (rat induced to DMBA and capsaicin extract nanoparticle gel with a concentration of 1%), and E3 (rat induced to DMBA and capsaicin extract nanoparticle gel with a concentration of 3.3%). The data were analysed statistically with the one-way ANOVA and least significance difference (LSD) test. Results: The comparison of mean nodule volume between C+ (5.834 ± 2.77 mm3) with E1 (1.75 ± 0.37 mm3), E2 (1.747 ± 0.36 mm3), and E3 (1.812 ± 0.11 mm3) had a significant difference (p = 0.00, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Capsaicin nanoparticle gel with green chilli pepper extract at levels of 1% (E2) reduces OSCC nodules by more than gel with green chilli pepper extract at 3.3% (E3) concentration.

scholarly journals Association between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamagata ◽  
Satoshi Fukuzawa ◽  
Naomi Ishibashi-Kanno ◽  
Fumihiko Uchida ◽  
Hiroki Bukawa
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe systemic inflammatory response is known to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. The C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin (Alb) ratio (CAR) has been reported as a novel inflammation-based prognostic marker. We have evaluated the prognostic value of inflammatory markers for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study population included 205 patients treated with OSCC between 2013 and 2018. The primary predictor variable was the inflammatory markers. The primary outcome variable was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model to identify independent prognostic factors. The CAR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values compared with other markers in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The cutoff value for CAR was 0.032 (AUC 0.693, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in OS when patients were stratified according to CAR, with 79.1% for CAR < 0.032 and 35% for CAR ≥ 0.032 (P < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis identified independent predictive factors for OS: age (hazard ratio [HR] 2.155, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.262–3.682; P = 0.005), stage (HR 3.031, 95% CI 1.576–5.827; P = 0.001), and CAR (HR 2.859, 95% CI 1.667–4.904; P < 0.001). CAR (≥ 0.032 vs. < 0.032) is a good prognostic marker in patients with OSCC in terms of age and stage.

scholarly journals p53 immunohistochemical staining patterns in oral squamous cell carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017
Author(s):  
G Dundy ◽  
H Kumar ◽  
A Singh ◽  
A Chandarakant
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
P Value ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Mutation of p53 gene is one of the most common events in oral carcinogenesis. Accumulation of p53 protein has also been detected in premalignant lesions.Materials and Methods:  This study included 40 biopsy samples, which were received in department of pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, to ascertain p53 expression by immunohistochemically, in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas and to correlate its expression with histological grade, different sites in oral cavity and tobacco intake/smoking habits.Results: Out of 40 biopsies of oral mucosa, 03 showed normal oral mucosa and 37 were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), most patients were in 5th and 6th decade and majority (86.5%) of oral SCC were males with buccal mucosa being the most common site. There was a statistically significant difference in p53 expression between oral SCC and normal oral mucosa (p value <0.05). Of total 37 cases, 12 cases were well differentiated type, 16 moderately differentiated and 09 of poorly differentiated type of SCC. In each category, about two thirds were positive for p53 staining. Out of total 37 cases of oral SCC, 64.9% were positive and 35.1% were negative for p53 expression, 34 cases had positive history of tobacco intake/smoking habits, of which 23 cases were positive while 11 cases were negative for p53 staining.Conclusion: Abnormal p53 protein was detected in 64.9% of oral squamous cell carcinoma, but not in normal oral mucosa. p53 expression was associated with malignant transformation of oral mucosa. 

Therapeutic Efficacy Evaluation of Curcumin on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenograft Using Multimodalities of Molecular Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chuan Lin ◽  
Hong-Wen Chen ◽  
Yu-Cheng Kuo ◽  
Ya-Fang Chang ◽  
Yi-Jang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity; however the treatment approaches are still unsatisfactory. We used a luciferase-transfected animal model to evaluate the therapeutic effects of curcumin. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma SAS cell line was stably transfected with luc gene, named SAS/luc cells. For the in vivo study, they were inoculated subcutaneously to 6-week-old male NOD/SCID mice which were separated into four groups for intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of curcumin: control, daily with 35 mg/kg, 70 mg/kg every 2 days, and 100 mg/kg every 3 days. We applied SAS/luc bearing animal model and bioluminescent imaging (BLI) to study the inhibition effect of curcumin on tumor growth. The cytotoxic effect of curcumin on SAS/luc cells was mainly at G2/M phase and a significant dose dependent increase of the apoptotic SAS/luc cells as represented by sub-G1 phase was shown. Therapeutic efficacy evaluated by both caliper assay and BLI showed a significant difference between curcumin-treated mice and the controls (p < 0.01). The significant inhibition effects of curcumin on the proliferation and the growth of human OSCC are observed both in vitro and in vivo. No significant body weight change (i.e. within 20%) was observed in all SAS/luc-bearing mice with or without curcumin treatment. This SAS/luc human OSCC bearing animal model combined with multimodalities of molecular imaging permits a sensitive and non-invasive approach to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy in vivo.

scholarly journals Estimation of salivary matrix metalloproteinases- 12 (MMP- 12) levels among patients presenting with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohra Saleem ◽  
Abdul Hafeez Shaikh ◽  
Uzma Zaman ◽  
Shaheen Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis

Abstract Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a global threat and accounts for approximately 90% of malignant oral lesions. The emergence of oral carcinoma is linked to precancerous lesions, which act as precursors of the disease. Matrix metalloproteinases appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both precancerous conditions and oral malignancies due to their participation in remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Methodology This is an analytical study conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from healthy, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The level of MMP-12 was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way Analysis of variance was run to determine if MMP-12 levels differ between the three groups, which was preceded by post hoc Tuckey test. MMP-12 cut off values were determined using Receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A significant difference in salivary MMP-12 expression was observed in OSF and OSCC (p < 0.001). The expression of salivary MMP-12 was higher in OSF and OSCC patients as compared to the healthy group (p < 0.001). The mean MMP-12 expression in OSCC appeared higher than in OSF cases (p < 0.05). MMP-12 value of $$\ge$$ ≥ 4.05 ng/ml and $$\ge$$ ≥ 4.20 ng/ml is predictive of OSF and OSCC respectively, with 100% sensitivity and specificity (p < 0.001). Conclusion Increased expression of MMP-12 appears as the healthy patient advances to OSF and OSCC. The study results also demonstrate higher MMP-12 expression in OSCC patients as compared to OSF. Therefore, the estimation of salivary MMP-12 serves as a valuable non-invasive early diagnostic tool in diagnosing oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Anti-Micro RNA-221 a Promising Genetic Therapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC-25)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-639
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Ali Hamouda Ali El Basuony ◽  
Reham S. Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Oral Cancers ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Micro-RNA-221(miR-221) is one of oncogenic miRNAs that plays a vital role in the development and progression of oral cancers. The aim of this study is to introduce a new gene therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma by blocking the expression of oncogenic miR-221 by its inhibitor. The present work was performed on squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC-25 and anti-miR-221 was delivered to the cells using an ultrasound micro bubbles. Assessment of the effect of miR-221 inhibitor on SCC-25 cells was done using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis detection. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was also used to detect the expression -miR-221 and its target genes. Using ANOVA, statistical analysis of the results showed significant inhibition of cell viability with and induction of cell apoptosis of SCC-25 cell line after transfection. Moreover, the expression of miR-221, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CDKNIB/p27 were downregulated without significant difference. Transfection of SCC-25 by inhibitor of miR-221 resulting in blockage of its expression leading to arresting of tumor growth. These results proved the effective role of micro-RNA inhibitors as novel therapeutic agent for oral cancers.

scholarly journals Estimation of Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinases- 12 (MMP- 12) Levels Among Patients Presenting With Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohra Saleem ◽  
Abdul Hafeez Shaikh ◽  
Uzma Zaman ◽  
Shaheen Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis

Abstract Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a global threat and accounts for approximately 90% of malignant oral lesions. The emergence of oral carcinoma is linked to precancerous lesions which act as precursors of the disease. Matrix metalloproteinases appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of both precancerous conditions and oral malignancies due to their participation in the remodelling of the extracellular matrix.Methodology:This is an analytical study conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from healthy, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The level of MMP-12 was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was run to determine if MMP-12 levels differ between cases and controls which was preceded by posthoc Tuckey test.ResultsA significant difference in salivary MMP-12 expression was observed in OSF and OSCC. The expression of salivary MMP-12 was higher in cases compared to controls. The mean MMP-12 expression in OSCC was found higher than in OSF cases.ConclusionMMP-12 expression increases as the healthy patient advances to OSF and OSCC. The study results also demonstrate higher MMP-12 expression in OSCC patients as compared to OSF. Therefore, estimation of salivary MMP-12 serves as a useful non-invasive early diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals Perineural Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Relation to Tumor Depth

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Farah S Rasheed ◽  
Bashar H Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Depth Of Invasion ◽  
Tumor Depth ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The American Joint committee on Cancer in their 8th edition staging manual regarded perineural invasion as one of the most important prognostic factors for Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma, it also incorporated tumor depth of invasion in defining tumor size category in the new staging system. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma and the effect of approaching tumor depth in this process. Materials and Methods: fifty-four formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of radical resections of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, then evaluated for perineural invasion, with estimation of tumor depth of invasion for each case. Results: Perineural invasion was found in twenty-two cases of the study sample. The diameter of the largest nerve bundle that showed perineural invasion was found to have a positive significant correlation with tumor depth of invasion (p=0.025). Perineural invasion status in terms of (present, absent) showed a significant difference with patients’ age (p=0.037), also showed a significant association with tumor site (p=0.004), however, this association was non-significant in regard to tumor grade and stage (p=0.848, p=0.520) respectively. Conclusion: The attacking potential of preceding tumor depth and those cancers affecting young individuals may be reflected by the presence of neural infiltration by tumor cells. Tongue resected tumors should be carefully inspected for this deceptive biological process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microvascularity by CD34 Expression in Esophagus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donia Sadri ◽  
Fatemeh Shahsavari ◽  
Sareh Farhadi ◽  
Marzieh Sedehi
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Tumor Differentiation ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd34 Expression ◽  
Expression Frequency

ABSTRACT Aim The present study was scheduled to evaluate microvascularity by CD34 expression in esophagus and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods This study was scheduled using 40 paraffin blocked samples including 20 of oral SCC and 20 of esophagus ones and Immunohistochemical staining was conducted using CD34 monoclonal antibody. Exact fisher test was used to evaluate frequency of expression between two studied groups. Results There was significant correlation between age and tumor size with CD34 expression in oral SCC samples (p < 0.05) and no significant correlation between sex and tumor differentiation level (grading) (p > 0.05). Also, there was no significant correlation between age, sex, tumor size and tumor differentiation level (grading) with CD34 expression in esophagus SCC samples (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference of CD34 expression frequency in oral and esophagus SCC (p = 0/583). Finally, CD34 expression was reported ‘high’ for major cases of esophagus and oral SCCs. Conclusion It seems, other angiogenetic or nonangiogenetic factors except CD34 may play more important role and explain the different clinical behavior of SCC at recent different locations. Clinical significance Other factors would be considered along with CD34 expression to interpret different clinical behavior of SCC at recent different locations. How to cite this article Shahsavari F, Farhadi S, Sadri D, Sedehi M, Evaluation of Microvascularity by CD34 Expression in Esophagus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(6):458-462.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum and Salivary Sialic Acid Level in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Pratibha Poudel ◽  
Barsha Bajracharya ◽  
Shubrato Bhattacharyya ◽  
Dipshikha Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Sialic acid is a glycoprotein that is considered as an important constituent of cell membrane. Altered glycosylation is one of the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. Several studies in past have shown that changes in serum and salivary sialic acid levels in cancer patients correlate well with tumor burden. Some of the findings suggested that sialic acid levels could be elevated in cancer patients before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study is to estimate serum and salivary sialic acid level in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and correlate their level with the histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Blood and saliva samples were collected from 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 50 healthy subjects. Serum and salivary sialic acid levels in both free and protein bound forms were measured spectrophotometrically. This was correlated with histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: A statistically significant rise in serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted in OSCC subjects compared to the controls. Furthermore, significant difference in both serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted between well and poorly differentiated OSCC. Conclusions: Our report suggests that sialic acid is a valuable biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It may be used to assess the histological grading of oral cancer and predict the disease outcome and response to the therapy.

scholarly journals Influence of marginal and segmental bony resection on the local control of oral Squamous cell carcinoma involving the mandible

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-807
Author(s):  
Mohammad Deedarul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Segmental Resection ◽  
Marginal Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and objective: Marginal or segmental resection of bone are often required for tumor removal in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients to secure adequate margin. The present study aims to evaluate the surgical outcome and post-operative complication of both group of patients and also assesses the local control of the disease in the oral cavity. Methods: In this prospective study, 32 patients who were treated with marginal or segmental jaw resection for oral squamous cell carcinoma of the lower part of oral cavity was undertaken within September 2008 to August 2013.There were 9 males and 23 females with a median age of 40.5 years. Twenty patients underwent marginal and 12 patients had segmental resection of the mandible. Distribution of the subject by age, sex, primary site of lesion, pathologic tumor stage, presence of mandibular invasion, pathologic cervical lymph node stage and feature of post- operative complications were analyzed prospectively. Results: According to this study, the mandible was involved in 83.3% of patient with segmental resection and 15% of patients with marginal resection. Buccal mucosa was mostly involved site in marginal group (60%) and retro molar trigon was highly involved site with segmental group (41.7%). In marginal group 30% cases was involved with stage1 and 70% was stage2; in segmental group 25% cases were stage2 and 67.7% were stage3. Statistically significant difference was exist in pathological cervical node stage(p<0.05). Mandibular invasion was significantly more in segmental group (p<0.05). Soft tissue surgical margins were positive in 4 patients (20%) in the marginal group and in 3 patients (25%) in the segmental group. Negative neck lymph node was found in 20 (63%) cases and positive neck node was found in 12 (37%) cases, of which four patients, including 2(15%) cases in the marginal group and 2(8.3%) cases in the segmental group was died. Trismus and mastication problems were found higher in segmental than marginal resection group. Conclusion: Marginal resection of mandible is effective for patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma in the early stage. Post-operative outcome and local control of disease in segmental group were slightly higher than marginal group. Positive surgical margin status and bone invasion was found as the most important predictor of local control of the diseases in patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.801-807

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