scholarly journals The Modernization of Poland Defense Forces to Respond Russia Military Presence in Kaliningrad Oblast (2014-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Banyu Perwita ◽  
Widya Dwi Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
The Military

The geopolitical security condition of Eastern Europe has undergone a drastic shift from Communist to Democratic ideology. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Poland immediately joined the Western alliance, which led to the massive structural changes of the country. The shift has had an enormous impact on Russia where it has made various confrontations to regain its influence in the region. Russia continues to increase tensions by increasing the military capabilities of Kaliningrad Oblast, which is directly bordered by Poland. In response, the Polish government made efforts to modernize its military as part of the Defense White Book 2013 to improve its military capabilities in response to Russian military presence in Kaliningrad Oblast. The role of the global players (EU, NATO, and the USA) is key important to the security stability of the region. Poland on its four pillars specifically calls the alliance with the USA and becomes a member of NATO as an important factor in the formulation of its defense policy, in which Poland could increase the capabilities of its Armed Forces.

Russian military patriotic education: a control tool against the arbitrariness of veterans

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Sieca-Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military

The military had been concerned about military patriotic education for a long time when Putin's Patriotic Education Programme was published. As soon as the collapse of the Soviet Union occurred, followed a few years later by the creation of the Russian armed forces, they had already been developing patriotic education programmes aimed primarily at youth, aided by veterans of local wars, both volunteers and recruits. The aim of this article is to show that the military version of patriotic education aims openly to encourage military service, and that the Russian state will try to enlist veterans of the Afghanistan and Chechen wars in activities linked to military patriotic education and its spread in military and civilian spheres. Our hypothesis is that the determination to bring veterans together around a common project has two aims: (1) to federate veterans around the authorities and (2) to channel a population that escapes government control and some of whose excesses on their return to civilian life (violence towards the population in the context of their function, for veterans of the Interior Ministry in particular) have darkened the image of the ministries known as the “power” ministries.

Transformation of Russian Military Enterprise in the Geopolitical During the Putin Era

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-282
Author(s):  
Fei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Military Enterprise

Vladimir Putin's annual address as president in 2006 neatly summaries the reason why Russia had to press forward with long-overdue reforms of its armed forces. Two decades after the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia was still left with an oversized military organization built for large-scale mobilization and the demands of the Cold War, but highly ineffective for the type of conventional military conflicts that Russia was most likely to become involved in. The rationale behind Russia's reforms of the armed forces were thus clear long before the war in Georgia, which has often been pointed to as the reason why the reforms were launched in October 2008. President Vladimir Putin's current period runs out in 2024, when he is due to step down, according to the constitution. Given the fact that the current political system has been carefully crafted for almost 20 years, it is evident that there is uncertainty about its future. First, it no longer produces wealth for the population. For five years in a row, the real disposable income has been decreasing.

scholarly journals Professor Ivan Diomidovich Kudrin (100th birth anniversary)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Yusupov ◽  
Vyacheslav P. Ganapolsky ◽  
Boris V. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Tatyana V. Sambukova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Russian Military

This article highlights the stages of professional activity of the outstanding Russian military scientist-physiologist, Ivan Diomidovich Kudrin, in the course of solving scientific problems of habitability and medical and psychological support in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Ivan Diomidovich headed the leading scientific division, which is a scientific and methodological center in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Armed Forces on habitability and professional selection problems. Thanks to the experimental and practical activities of the unit led by him and his direct participation, concepts of habitability factor rationalization and medical and psychological support of personnel at various stages of military service were theoretically, experimentally, and practically justified as separate complex areas of military preventive medicine and psychology. Under the leadership of Ivan Diomidovich, normative and technical documents were developed to regulate the implementation of military improvement and professional performance in the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. The ideo logy of habitability and medical and psychological support created by I.D. Kudrin and his scientific school formed the basis for todays successful work of two scientific research center departments.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
Atomic Weapons ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Met Expectations

The fifteen countries members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were represented by their defense ministers at a conference held in Paris from October 10 to 12, under the chairmanship of Lord Ismay (Vice Chairman of the North Atlantic Council and Secretary General of NATO). The meeting, which was attended by the Standing Group and the Supreme Commanders, was a preliminary to the full ministerial session, to be held in December; it was the first occasion on which the NATO defense ministers met in Council without the foreign or finance ministers. A communique issued at the close of the meeting stated that the meeting had primarily been for the exchange of information, and that the ministers had heard statements on the strategic situation and on western defensive arrangements from General Sir John Whiteley (United Kingdom), Chairman of the Standing Group, and from his colleagues on the Standing Group, General Joseph Lawton Collins (United States), General Jean Valluy (France), General Alfred M. Gruenther (SACEUR), Admiral Jerauld Wright (SACLANT) and several other officers. Following these statements, a useful exchange of views between the defense ministers took place, the communique concluded. It was reported that many of the speakers had concurred in the view that the military potential of the Soviet Union was steadily increasing, especially in the areas of atomic weapons and submarines, that the recently announced decision to reduce the armed forces in the Soviet Union and some of the people's democracies did not modify the potential of communist forces, and that it was therefore indispensable to intensify the NATO military effort, which so far had not met expectations for it.

SMALL ARMS OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION ARMED FORCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Jarosław NAWROTEK
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Russian Military

Russia has been for many years one of main producers and exporters of arms and military equipment. But even if the Russian Military-industrial Complex still maintains a leading position, there is at least one domain where it was forced to quit positions kept during the Soviet Union and does not present any new achievements. The question refers to firearms where relatively low costs of manufacture are transformed on a few percentage share in the world arms trade. This market has a significant symbolic meaning for Russia despite of its modest financial dimension. Military operations require a deployment of infantry with its firearms, independently on state of the art technology of the arms used by the armies. Beside the armed forces, the firearms are used by special and antiterrorist services, police, border and coastal guards, and also by the structures dedicated for fighting the drugs trafficking.

The Military in America

Worldview ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Roger Hilsman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Defense Department ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Reorganization Plan ◽  
The Military

The President's Reorganization Plan for the Defense Department, so much in the news these past few months, brings before us a fundamental issue that every democracy must face anew in times of threat and crisis. The issue—the role that the military shall play in our society and in the making of our national policy—is familiar. What makes it compelling is the siege the Soviet Union has laid to the United States and the Western world and the peculiarly fearsome dangers of war fought with missiles and thermonuclear warheads.So long as the nations of the world must rely for their security principally on themselves, they will continue to establish armed forces for their protection against outside threats. But every democratic society faces the danger that these forces of arms and of men trained in their use will be used against the society that created them.

scholarly journals “Our Trip to the Island Should Be as Secure as Possible”: G. D. Krasinsky's Contribution to the Establishment of the Sovereignty of the USSR over the Wrangel Island in 1921–26

2020 ◽  
pp. 751-762
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Bey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Wrangel Island ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Military Facilities ◽  
Russian Military

The article draws on archival documents to analyze events connected with the policies of a number of foreign states contesting the sovereignty of the Wrangel Island in the Arctic that belonged to the young Soviet state in 1921-26 and the role of the polar researcher Georgy Davidovich Krasinsky in prevention of these aggressive actions. Content analysis provides new information on this historical episode. The documents from the personal provenance fond of G. D. Krasinsky in the Russian State Archive of Economy demonstrate Krasinsky’s active position and role in the development of the Arctic and in the establishment of Soviet frontiers, when he was appointed assistant to the head of Special hydrographic expedition to the Wrangel Island in 1924. The most interesting document in our opinion – the official address of G. D. Krasinsky to the People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of G. V. Chicherin concerning organization of the second expedition on the island - is published in the article with some abbreviation. This document provides insight into Krasinsky’s plans on implementation of the final stage of suppression of active actions of foreign “aggressors.” He believed that only actual colonization of the Wrangel Island can provide effective response to the encroachments of the British and Americans, who naturally saw in it an important base for transpolar air traffics. Along with principle of historicism, the article uses method of biographic analysis, which allows to investigate in details Krasinsky’s course of life and to give objective assessment of his professional ability to anticipate the future, that is, to work out his actions proactively. Thus, G. D. Krasinsky ideas were confirmed in the days of the Cold War, when military facilities of the Soviet Union were placed on the island, and it became an important outpost in monitoring the integrity of the Soviet frontiers in the Arctic. We still observe these same tendencies today, in the light of strengthening of the Russian military presence in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals «The anti-soviet trotskist organization»: historiographical notes

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Mikhail Dmitrievich Tochiony
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Severe Punishment ◽  
The Military

Since 1956, historians, legal scholars and representatives of other social Sciences and Humanities have been trying to understand what happened to the population of our country in the second half of the 30-ies of XX century. Why did people lose common sense and believe in delusional fabrications of I. V. Stalin about the transformation of millions of Soviet citizens who piously believed in the ideals of Marxism-Leninism, into the malignant saboteurs? Why did most of them demand severe punishment of traitors, when the Soviet Newspapers reported the discovery of an enormous conspiracy in the ranks of the Red army? The article is an attempt to assess the General opinions of the so-called military (anti-Soviet Trotskist military organization), which resulted in the shooting of the prominent Soviet military leaders led by M.N. Tukhachevskiy - I.P. Uborevich, I.E. Yakir, A.I. Cork and thousands of brave, talented Soviet soldiers, committed to the cause of socialism. Thus the armed forces of our country, its defense was dealt a severe blow, which, in the opinion of some researchers predetermined the huge losses of the Soviet Union, especially in the first years of Hitler's aggression. We are especially interested in the following aspect of the military - was it fabricated, and the Red Marshal was its innocent victim, or, on the contrary, was it investigated in complete conformity to the law and the perpetrators got the punishment they deserved? The author has assessed the key issues - both liberal-minded researchers and apologists of Stalinism.

German and Soviet Military Doctrinal Innovation before World War II

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Cynthia Roberts
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Military Doctrine ◽  
World War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Military ◽  
Point Of Departure

In the lead-up to World War II, both Germany and the Soviet Union pursued important changes in military doctrine that proved crucial during the armed confrontation between the two countries in 1941–1945. Using a new book by the military historian Mary Habeck as a point of departure, this essay explains how the German and Soviet armed forces by the late 1930s had developed almost identical doctrines without extensively borrowing from each other. Although the doctrinal innovations that informed the German Blitzkrieg and the Soviet conception of “deep battle” have long attracted attention, Habeck's book is the first detailed comparison of the development of armored warfare in these two countries. Although the book does not provide a comprehensive explanation of the sources of innovation in military doctrine, it sheds a great deal of light on the revolutionary changes in German and Soviet military doctrines during the interwar years.

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