scholarly journals Trends of Early Marriage in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Suhariyati Suhariyati ◽  
Joni Haryanto ◽  
Ririn Probowati
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Background: Early marriage is being increasingly recognized globally as a fundamental violation of human rights and a major obstacle to sustainable development. Early marriage occurs globally to varying degrees, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this article was to identify the determinants and impact of early marriage in developing countries.Method: A systematic search for studies published from 2014 up to 2019 was conducted via Scopus, Proquest, Elsevier, Science Direct, Sage Journal, SpringerLink and EBSCO. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. These were independently extracted by two reviewers.Result: Education and place of residence were the most commonly studied determinants of early marriage. Only a few of them reported results concerning the age difference between the spouses, access to media information and self-efficiency. Early marriage has a relationship with both the mother's and child's health. However, the significance of these associations was often small or inconsistent.Conclusion: This review summarizes the best available evidence for local policymakers and public health practitioners so then they can consider incorporating these findings into the development of intervention protocols for the prevention of early marriage.

Human Rights Issues and Health Practices

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Rights Issues

On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the context of current adverse economic circumstance in the Asia-Pacific region, it is apparent that we still have a long way to go before we can claim adequate promotion and protection of fundamental freedoms, human rights and health rights. New approaches to public health and a social, or population definition of health requires an active engagement with human rights and a recognition of the ethical domain. Such an engagement is assisted by the articulation of some of the fundamental principles underlying various Conventions, Charters and Declarations and the contribution of liberal moral and political theory to such documents. Such liberal traditions have been challenged for their ethnocentrism and western cultural bias. However it is argued that they form a basis for important universal standards which can assist public health practitioners as they navigate through the turbulent waters of human rights issues and health practices.

Human Rights Treaty Bodies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mason Meier ◽  
Virgínia Brás Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Treaty Body ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

This chapter assesses the role of human rights treaty bodies in monitoring, interpreting, and adjudicating health-related human rights obligations, facilitating accountability for the realization of human rights in health policy. With each core human rights treaty having its own corresponding human rights treaty body, these international institutions influence states and galvanize advocates to take action to realize human rights across a range of global health issues. Describing treaty body efforts to monitor state implementation, interpret human rights, and adjudicate individual complaints, this chapter examines the evolving composition and functions of these treaty bodies and analyzes their effectiveness in facilitating the implementation of human rights as a basis for global health. Given recent United Nations efforts to strengthen treaty body functions and streamline monitoring processes, treaty bodies provide complementary approaches for public health practitioners to support accountability for the implementation of health-related human rights.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Interventions Aiming to Improve Involvement in Physical Activity Among Adults With Intellectual Disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Brooker ◽  
Kate van Dooren ◽  
Lyn McPherson ◽  
Nick Lennox ◽  
Robert Ware
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Background:Evidence suggests that most adults with intellectual disability do not participate in sufficient amounts of physical activity (PA). A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies that reported an intervention aiming to improve PA levels of adults with intellectual disability was conducted.Methods:Keywords related to intellectual disability and physical activity were used to search relevant databases. Studies were excluded if they did not measure PA as an outcome for adults with intellectual disability, were non-English, and were not peer-reviewed. All relevant studies were included in the review regardless of methodological quality and design.Results:Six articles met the inclusion criteria. These included health education or health promotion programs with PA, nutrition, and weight loss components. The quality of studies included in this review was generally poor. Most studies used a prepost design, sample sizes were small, and measurement tools were used that are not valid and reliable for the population assessed.Conclusions:PA interventions have the potential to improve the health and wellbeing of people with intellectual disability, a vulnerable group who require attention from public health practitioners and researchers. Given the health inequities that exist, public health researchers should target efforts to improve PA levels among this group.

Introduction to Global Health Promotion

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Jennifer Torres
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Health Educators ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Global Health Education ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Global health education is becoming increasingly prominent in universities throughout the country especially in programs focused on health and behavioral sciences, law, economics, and political science. Introduction to Global Health Promotion is a book that can be used by both instructors and students in the field of global health. The book provides theories and models, human rights, and technology relevant to the field. In addition the book is designed to share best evidence for promoting health and reducing morbidity and mortality in a variety of areas. The book can be used by health educators, public health practitioners, professors, and students as a resource for research and practice in the field of health promotion and disease prevention.

scholarly journals Nutritional Interventions to Reduce Stunting in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasrika S Sinaga ◽  
◽  
Ciciilya Candi ◽  
Mardiati Nadjib ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood stunting remains a major malnutritional problem in developing countries. Stunting occurred the adverse effects on children’s health in the short and long term, including failure to thrive, impairment of cognitive and motor development, stunted stature, metabolic disorders, and decreased intellectual capacity. Integrated nutritional intervention is important to prevent stunting. This study aimed to identify the nutritional interventions to reduce stunting in developing countries. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Wiley Online Library, and ProQuest databases. The research question was formulated in PICO-S format: (1) Population, (2) Intervention, (3) Comparison, (4) Outcome, and (5) Study design. The next step was identification, screening, and checking the eligibility of the studies. The keywords were nutrition intervention and stunting reduction. The inclusion criteria were openly accessed and English-language articles published between 2019 to 2020. The searched articles were conducted identification, screening, and eligibility. The data were reported by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Integrated efforts to reduce stunting incidence were carried out through sensitive and specific nutritional interventions. A holistic approach involving the non-health sectors had significant impacts. Some limitations had still occurred in the capacity of implementing qualified nutritional interventions and their utilization. Conclusion: Implementation of nutritional interventions have been focused in developing countries with different approaches to reduce stunting incidence. Keyword: nutritional intervention, stunting, developing countries Correspondence: Lasrika S Sinaga. Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Margonda Raya, Pondok Cina, Beji, Depok, 16424, East Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62 81382375618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.78

scholarly journals What makes a ‘successful’ collaborative research project between public health practitioners and academics? A mixed-methods review of funding applications submitted to a local intervention evaluation scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter van der Graaf ◽  
Lindsay Blank ◽  
Eleanor Holding ◽  
Elizabeth Goyder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Abstract Background The national Public Health Practice Evaluation Scheme (PHPES) is a response-mode funded evaluation programme operated by the National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research (NIHR SPHR). The scheme enables public health professionals to work in partnership with SPHR researchers to conduct rigorous evaluations of their interventions. Our evaluation reviewed the learning from the first five years of PHPES (2013–2017) and how this was used to implement a revised scheme within the School. Methods We conducted a rapid review of applications and reports from 81 PHPES projects and sampled eight projects (including unfunded) to interview one researcher and one practitioner involved in each sampled project (n = 16) in order to identify factors that influence success of applications and effective delivery and dissemination of evaluations. Findings from the review and interviews were tested in an online survey with practitioners (applicants), researchers (principal investigators [PIs]) and PHPES panel members (n = 19) to explore the relative importance of these factors. Findings from the survey were synthesised and discussed for implications at a national workshop with wider stakeholders, including public members (n = 20). Results Strengths: PHPES provides much needed resources for evaluation which often are not available locally, and produces useful evidence to understand where a programme is not delivering, which can be used to formatively develop interventions. Weaknesses: Objectives of PHPES were too narrowly focused on (cost-)effectiveness of interventions, while practitioners also valued implementation studies and process evaluations. Opportunities: PHPES provided opportunities for novel/promising but less developed ideas. More funded time to develop a protocol and ensure feasibility of the intervention prior to application could increase intervention delivery success rates. Threats: There can be tensions between researchers and practitioners, for example, on the need to show the 'success’ of the intervention, on the use of existing research evidence, and the importance of generalisability of findings and of generating peer-reviewed publications. Conclusions The success of collaborative research projects between public health practitioners (PHP) and researchers can be improved by funders being mindful of tensions related to (1) the scope of collaborations, (2) local versus national impact, and (3) increasing inequalities in access to funding. Our study and comparisons with related funding schemes demonstrate how these tensions can be successfully resolved.

scholarly journals After Action Review of the 2019 measles outbreak in Clark County, Washington, U.S.A

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Stoto ◽  
R Piltch-Loeb ◽  
R Wolfe ◽  
R Albrandt ◽  
A Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Clark County ◽  
After Action Review ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Abstract Issue Clark County experienced a measles outbreak that challenged public health authorities. Description of the practice: We conducted a formal After Action Review with state and local health officials, school officials, and others to identify lessons for public health practitioners facing future outbreaks. Results Following the early identification of measles in a child who had recently arrived from Ukraine, active surveillance identified 71 confirmed cases, most in unvaccinated persons under 18 years of age. 4,138 contacts were traced and public health personnel made daily monitoring calls to 816. 53 potential exposure sites in healthcare facilities, schools and other public places were identified and communicated to the public. As a social distancing measure, unvaccinated students, teachers, and staff were excluded from schools in which exposure had occurred. Ascertaining susceptibility status was challenging. The national anti-vaccination sentiment and a parallel outbreak in a New York religious community created challenges in representing community risk while avoiding stigmatization of a community in which the first reported case was identified. Rather than respond to every false claim on social media, the health department developed talking points about emerging issues and engaged the community in dialogue. Lessons Responding to the measles outbreak required innovative approaches to surveillance and contact tracing, social distancing (school exclusions), and emergency risk communication. The response required extensive coordinated efforts of the county and state health departments, school systems, and many other organizations. Mutual aid enabled an influx of resources but managing the surge of responders proved challenging. Key messages Public health emergencies require effective emergency management practices. Carefully conducted After Action Reviews of health emergencies can help public health practitioners identify challenges and innovative practices.

Characterizing the acceptability of a vaccine for West Nile virus by public health practitioners

Vaccine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 3423-3427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha Epp ◽  
Shannon Waldner ◽  
Judith Wright ◽  
Phil Curry ◽  
Hugh G. Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners
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