Conflictogenic Zones of Near Abroad: Threat to Russia's Interests

2010 ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
N. Fedulova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Near Abroad

In the present article, the author analyzes the problem of conflict zones around Russia on the post-Soviet space. The events of August 2008 in the Caucasus region highlighted many problems, which should be solved in order to ensure the security of Russia. Moreover, the "frozen" conflicts in South Caucasus and Moldavia carry a destructive potential. Territorial problems exist between Russia and Ukraine. The subject of the Caspian Sea legal status remains unclear, and it is bordered with Central Asia having its own social, ethno-religious and territorial problems, which create the instability belt on the southern borders of Russia. The success of Russia's policy and its global role will be determined foremost by its economic and scientific potential, its capacity for rapid development.

Russia. Matrix of Social (In)stability

2010 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
M. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Policy Success ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Soviet Space

In the present article, the author analyzes the issue of conflict zones around Russia in the post-Soviet space. The events of August 2008 in the Caucasus region outlined many problems, the solution of which determines significantly Russia's security. At that, not only "frozen" conflicts in South Caucasus and Moldova carry the destructive potential. Territorial problems also exist between Russia and Ukraine. The question of the Caspian Sea legal status remains unclear, while it is bordered with Central Asia with its social, ethno-religious and territorial problems, which creates the "instability belt" on Russia's southern borders. Russia's policy success and its world role will primarily depend on its economic and scientific potential, its capacity for rapid development.

Pipeline Politics in Iran, Turkey, and the South Caucasus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Monshipouri
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
The South ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Territorial Conflicts

The relationship between Iran, Turkey and the South Caucasus states have been influenced by an array of geopolitical, strategic, cultural, and economic factors. The competition between Iran and Turkey and their roles in the South Caucasus are best defined by traditional balance-of-power relations and the broader context of the post-Soviet era. This chapter unpacks the complex dynamics of pipeline politics in the South Caucasus region by underlying the need to understand the “Great Power Game” involving geostrategic and geo-economic interests of local governments, regional actors, global powers, and international oil companies. The larger focus turns on underscoring the importance of the region’s large oil and gas reserves; its land connection between the Caspian Sea, South Caucasus, and Europe; and its long-standing territorial conflicts in the post-Soviet era. Iran and Turkey have fought for influence in the South Caucasus while maintaining relatively good bilateral relationships in the region.

scholarly journals Changes in ethnic structure in the Caucasus region since the end of the 1980’s: primary statistical analysis

Geografie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Libor Jelen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Political Units

The article deals with changes in ethnic structure in 13 political units of the North and the South Caucasus resulting from societal processes going on after the last 1989 Soviet census and illustrated by the outcome of censuses held in 1999–2005. The study deals with changes in population share of titular groups, Russians and other ethnic groups, with changing urbanization level and general regional population growth. It also makes an assessment of substantial changes in the ethnic structure in selected territories in connection with political and economical factors influencing the post-1989 development of the region and its ethno-territorial entities.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE GREAT SELJUK STATE IN AZERBAIJANI HISTORIOGRAPHY

Globus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

The history of the Seljuk state, which played a significant role in the political, economic and cultural life of the Near and Middle East in the Middle Ages, is one of the most actual problems in Azerbaijani historiography. As it is known, after the establishment of the Seljuk state by the Turks, their main policy was to advance to the west, to seize Anatolia, to turn Anatolia into Turkish lands. The Caucasus region was the gateway to Anatolia. That is why the Caucasus, as well as Azerbaijan was of great military-strategic importance for the Seljuks. After the Dandanekan victory, it was decided at the Congress in Merv to launch new military operations to the East and West. The main target of the attack was Iran, Byzantium and the South Caucasus, because these countries were in political disarray and unable to resist them. Seljuk troops advancing on the Caucasus soon subjugated the local feudal states. The people of Azerbaijan, who have been under the rule of the Seljuk state for more than a century, have played a special role in the political and cultural development of the Seljuk state. However, this problem in national historiography has been a separate research topic only in the second half of the 20th century, which has long been out of sight. The present article is devoted to the study of Seljuk state in Azerbaijani historiography. The article studies the works of prominent Azerbaijani historians Z. Bunyadov, R. Huseynov, N. Akhundova, N.Aliyeva, Sh.Mustafayev, I.Hajiyev, T.Dostiyev and others, who have done research in this area since the second half of the twentieth to the first decade of the twenty-first century and their role in the study of the history of the great state in the medieval Muslim East, the Seljuk State, has been defined

The Caucasus in the History of Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor' Bocharnikov
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Modern Experience

The monograph defines the origins, essence and content of the Caucasian policy of Russia, its main stages, its significance for the development of Russian statehood and the peoples of the region. The monograph pays special attention to the Caucasian wars of Russia, the experience of suppressing anti-Russian and anti-Soviet armed demonstrations in the region. The historical and modern experience of the development of the Caucasus region shows that the weakening of Russia's position in the region naturally leads to an escalation of tension and conflict, aggravation of inter-ethnic contradictions, manifestations of extremism and other forms of destructive activities that threaten the life of citizens and peoples of the Caucasus. As a result, the strength of Russia's position in the Caucasus is a guarantee of the safe and free development of the peoples of the region. The author's conclusions and suggestions presented in the monograph can be used in the process of implementing a balanced and verified policy in order to ensure the national security and interests of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus, building relations with neighboring states in the region, as well as other international actors positioning their involvement in the political processes of the South Caucasus. It is addressed to researchers, teachers, students, a wide range of readers.

scholarly journals The Russian Factor in Turkey's Georgian Policy after the Russian-Georgian War (August 2008)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 1738-1747
Author(s):  
Murad Asadov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
North East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Republic

Formation of new states in the South Caucasus and Central Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union raised to have relations with the Turkic peoples of Central Asia first in the history of the Republic for Turkey. Foreign policy the Caucasus continues to evolve in its foreign policy strategy. A force associated with this well-intentioned policy, which is adjacent to the Laki region, is always offered. Whenever Turkey wants to enter the Caucasus, it will not be adversely affected by other countries. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, Russia's influence in the region was weak. The nickname was temporary. At the beginning of the 21st century, Vladimir Putin received a well-developed document with the credibility of Putin. Turkey’s north-east neighbour Georgia is not a very big country, it has a particular importance of the geostrategic position not only in the Caucasus region but also in Turkey. Especially, the location of Georgia in the center of the transport and trade routes to the Caucasus and Central Asia increases its geostrategic status more. The main positive turning point in the development of Georgia-Turkey relations happened with the realization of oil and natural gas pipelines to run Caspian oil through Tbilisi to Turkey and from there to the West. This article will explore the Turkish-Russian relations of the late twentieth and early twenty first century and the Russian factor in Turkey's South Caucasus policy following the August 2008 events.

scholarly journals Wild grapevine (Vitis sylvestris C.C.Gmel.) wines from the Southern Caucasus region

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-822
Author(s):  
David Maghradze ◽  
Gagik Melyan ◽  
Vugar Salimov ◽  
Ramazi Chipashvili ◽  
Monserrat Iñiguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Vitis Sylvestris

Grapevine domestication took place in the Caucasus area known as the Cradle of Viticulture, within or near the geographical area known as the Vavilov Triangle. The phytogenetic resources of Vitis sylvestris C.C.Gmel. have been previously collected and characterized, but the study on micro vinifications of wild grapevines from the Caucasus is new.In the present document, seven grape samples from female individuals of wild grapevine growing in the South Caucasus region were investigated to assess their oenological profile.Wine samples were obtained from the grapes collected from various populations of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in October 2013 and fermented by the native yeasts.Parameters determined in the wines were, among others, concentration of ethanol (3.63% – 10.15%), pH (3.30 – 4.20), total acidity (1.2 – 10.7 g/L of tartaric acid), total polyphenol index (1.81 – 89.8), and color intensity (2.59 – 20.76). This wide range values is due to the different environmental conditions, the level of ripeness of harvested grapes and their genetic diversity. These data were compared with those obtained in micro vinifications of wild grapevines in Western Europe and wines of several international cultivars.The results of our research demonstrated, that the must of wild grape could be used to improve traditional wines giving to them more coloration.

scholarly journals Ethnopolitical Processes in the Caucasus: Identity Conflict and Political Activity of Youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Aleksej Erohin ◽  
◽  
Sergej Vorobev ◽  
Evgenii Avdeev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North And South

Introduction. The article presents the results of the research, which helped to determine the assessments and perceptions of young people in the Caucasus region about the state, nature and direction of the development of ethnopolitical processes, to identify common and special in the views of youth in the North and South Caucasus. Methods and Materials. Sociological research within the framework of the scientific project “Ethno-Political Processes in the Caucasus in the Assessments and Perceptions of Modern Youth” was carried out by the authors of the article in 2019 using the online survey method. 2,000 respondents were interviewed, namely students of leading universities of the region (1,000 respondents were interviewed in the North Caucasus and 1,000 respondents in the South Caucasus), the age of the respondents being 18-24 years old. The role of state authorities in the formation of civic and national identity among youth of the North Caucasus was revealed as a result of the content analysis of regional programs and other information materials in 2018. Analysis. It was found that the spectrum of the main ethnopolitical issues of concern to young people in the Caucasus region is largely identical for both the North and South Caucasus. It was revealed that civic, national, and religious identities are of priority and equal importance for the vast majority of youth. Civic and national identity for the absolute majority of Caucasian respondents is associated with the preservation of national culture and history, pride of their country and its achievements, protection of the Fatherland, and the guarantee of human rights and freedoms. Regional identity is a priority for the overwhelming majority of young people in the Caucasus. It can be assumed that risks of conflict between civil, national, and confessional identities persist among young people in the region. Youth in the Caucasus have a high level of political activity and consider their active participation in the political life of the region necessary. At the same time, they are more inclined towards a constructive solution to socio-political problems, volunteering, as well as dialogue and cooperation with state authorities. The main actors forming political views, according to the majority of respondents, are the environment in which they communicate, close relatives, as well as the blogosphere and social networks. The role of state administration in the formation of civil and national identity among young people in the North Caucasus is analyzed. The conclusion is that it is necessary to strengthen work in the region to develop public initiatives among youth, to involve them in socially significant activities, to activate their creative potential, and to develop their participation in various civil society institutions, especially volunteer organizations. Results. The conclusion is made about the need for a wide integration of young people of the region into the all-Russian socio-cultural space, the implementation of equal partnership between youth, civil society institutions and state authorities, greater involvement of young people in activities that contribute to the economic, socio-political and cultural development of the region. Key words: youth, ethnopolitical processes, Caucasus, political activity, civic identity, national identity.

“Across the Main Caucasus Ridge”. The Caucasus Writings of George Kennan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irakli Tskhvediani
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Subject

In 1870, George Kennan, a pioneering explorer, writer, and lecturer on Russia in the nineteenth century, became the first American to cross the Caucasus from the Caspian Sea to the Black Sea and explore the highlands of Dagestan, a remote Muslim region west of Chechnya, only a decade after Russia violently absorbed the region into its empire. He kept detailed journals of his adventures, creating a vivid narrative of his six-month odyssey. This trip in 1870 is the subject of this paper, focusing on the account of Kennan’s Caucasus journey that chronicles his expedition from Dagestan to Georgia over the Main Caucasus Ridge.

scholarly journals Specific variations of the atmospheric electric field potential gradient as a possible precursor of Caucasus earthquakes

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kachakhidze ◽  
M. Kachakhidze ◽  
Z. Kereselidze ◽  
G. Ramishvili
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Atmospheric Electric Field ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Electric Field Potential ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Precursors Of Earthquakes

Abstract. The subject of the research is the study of anomalous disturbances of the gradient of electric field potential of the atmosphere as possible precursors of earthquakes. In order to reveal such precursor Dusheti observatory (φ=42.05; λ=44.42) records of electric field potential's gradient (EFPG) of the atmosphere are considered for 41 earthquakes (M≥5.0) occurrence moments in the Caucasus region. Seasonal variations of atmospheric electric field potential gradient and inter overlapping influence of meteorological parameters upon this parameter are studied. Original method of "filtration" is devised and used in order to identify the effect of EFPG "clear" anomalies. The so-called "clear" anomalies are revealed from (−148.9 V/m) to 188.5 V/m limits and they are connected with occurrence moments of 29 earthquakes out of 41 discussed earthquakes (about 71%). "clear" anomalies manifest themselves in 11-day precursor window. Duration of anomalies is from 40 to 90 min.

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