Calf Rearing Management Practices Followed in Rural Areas  of Western Haryana, India

Background: Dairy calves are the future stock of the dairy farms. It is important to describe weaknesses in rearing calves not only to improve their welfare, but also to detect areas where current scientific knowledge is poorly integrated into practice. The aim of the present study was to gather information on calf rearing management practices followed by dairy owners, which are related to welfare. Methods: A survey of calf rearing practices was conducted using a farmer questionnaire to collect data. The survey included 140 family-based small dairy units in seven upazilas of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. The frequency and percentage of the response were described. Results: We observed that all respondents attended their animals during calving and 82.14% respondents allowed cow to clean the calves immediately after calving. Only 13.57% farmers cleaned the mouth and nose of calf after birth. More than 85.0% owners cleaned and trimmed hooves of the calf after birth. More than 90%% respondents did not cut the naval cord of calf and apply antiseptic. More than half of the owners (54.28%) fed colostrum to calves when the animals were able to stand on their feet and only 37.14% of them fed colostrum within one hour of birth. About 44.28% respondents allowed ad lib quantity of colostrum to calf. It was found that 73.57% of the owners allowed suckling of calf until 3 to 6 month of age. Most of the owners (55.0%) allowed the calves to suckle all the quarter of udder before and after milking. None practiced castration and dehorning for male calves. Majority (97.14%) of farmers did not perform deworming and vaccination schedule of calves. Conclusion: This study identified a number of rearing practices that represent a poor welfare for calf, which may prone towards diseases and hampering the productivity. Therefore, in addition to the traditional practices, scientific knowledge for this aspect is also important to get superior animals for future.

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DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION OF CAUSES OF CAMEL CALF LOSSES BETWEEN PASTORALISTS AND SCIENTISTS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479703001352 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 363-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. A. KAUFMANN

Keyword(s):

Causes Of Death ◽

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Knowledge Systems ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

Underlying Causes ◽

Calf Mortality ◽

Management Changes ◽

Calf Rearing

Management deficiencies on the part of the pastoralists were claimed to be one of the major causes of the high losses of camel (Camelus dromedarius) calves contributing to low productivity of camel herds. In the present study, calf deaths, and the causes thereof, were analysed in connection with pastoral calf management in order to assess possible relationships. Progeny history data on 1506 Rendille, 789 Gabra and 1206 Somali calves born between 1980 and 1995 provided quantitative information on losses and the underlying causes. Assessment of the causes of death, and analysis of related management practices, led to suggestions for management changes. In feedback seminars with pastoralists, however, it became apparent that these management changes would not be adopted because they contradicted the pastoralists' assumptions on the causes of calf mortality. The discussions revealed that differences between pastoralists' and scientists' perceptions determined different opinions on proper calf-rearing management practices. Combining different knowledge systems offers the possibility of a more complete understanding, which is required for the derivation of adoptable calf mortality-reducing interventions that are compatible with the knowledge and production systems of the pastoralists.

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Nature-Based Solutions to face climate change adaptation and mitigation in Mediterranean watersheds

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2035 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Itxaso Ruiz ◽

María José Sanz

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Land Management ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Watershed Scale ◽

Sustainable Rural Development ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

Rural areas of the Mediterranean watersheds face great environmental challenges, where climate change impacts the water cycle, the soil, and biodiversity, which are often priority issues for adaptation. These, have been aggravated by historical land management practices trends. In this context, we propose Nature Based Solutions (NBS) in the form of Sustainable Land Management (SLM) actions at the watershed scale to achieve climate change adaptation and mitigation while promoting other ecosystem services.SLM actions are local adaptation practices that promote sustainable rural development. Thus, we seek the combination of several actions to achieve regional (watershed scale) more integrated approaches. With this study, we aim at proving that NBS, and thus SLM, is a successful tool for alleviating climate change impacts (i.e. water scarcity, enhanced erosion, biodiversity decline) while promoting the role of land in mitigation and enhancing biodiversity in the rural Mediterranean areas.For this, we propose a novel conceptualization of SLM actions that moves from their local application and evaluation to the regional more systemic approaches through their combination. Results show synergies in the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, allow for the upscaling of SLM through systemic approaches and point at direct contributions to several Sustainable Development Goals.

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Assessment of biowaste losses through unsound waste management practices in rural areas and the role of home composting

10.31235/osf.io/jqeqw ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Florin Constantin MIHAI

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sustainable Rural Development ◽

Greenhouse Gasses ◽

Waste Management Practices ◽

Near Future ◽

Home Composting ◽

Management Issues

The paper examines the biowaste management issues across rural areas ofRomania in the context of poor waste management infrastructure in the lastdecade (2003-2012). Biowaste is the main fraction of municipal waste, thusa proper management is a key challenge in order to sustain a bioeconomy inthe near future. The amount of biowaste generated and uncollected by wasteoperators is generally uncontrolled disposed if not recovered through homecomposting. The paper points out the role of home composting in divertingthe biowaste from wild dumps and landfills for the regions covered or notby waste collection services. Home composting and the biowaste losses arefurther assessed based on several scenarios (worse-case, pessimistic,realistic, optimistic) where the net loads of greenhouse gasses (GHG) arecalculated at national and regional levels. The transition of homecomposting techniques, from open piles to plastic bins with respect tostandard guidelines will improve the home composting performance in termsof compost quality and net GHG’s savings, supporting a bio-based economywhich will lead towards a sustainable rural development. Regionaldisparities are revealed across Romanian counties and the paper opens newresearch perspectives regarding which options should be adopted by countiesand rural municipalities in the biowaste management process.

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The role of the school food environment in improving the healthiness of school canteens and the readiness to reopen post COVID-19 pandemic: A study conducted in Indonesia

Journal of Public Health Research ◽

10.4081/jphr.2021.2287 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamam Hadi ◽

Resti K. Triastanti ◽

Devita Anggraeni ◽

Esti Nurwanti ◽

Emma C. Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Management Practices ◽

Food Policy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

School Food ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Print Material ◽

School Canteen

Background: Indonesian school children spend one-third of their time in school, where they are exposed to a variety of foods at school canteens. However, the healthiness of school canteens is not yet well understood. This study was conducted to (1) characterize the healthiness and quality of management of school canteens, and (2) measure readiness of school canteens to reopen following COVID-19 closures.Design and Methods: Mixed-methods were used to conduct a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from schools located in the Bantul District of Indonesia. Primary schools (n=152) were randomly selected, with a final sample size of 147. Data were collected using Google Forms, delivered via WhatsApp or email. School canteens were classified as healthy if they had a Healthy Canteen Score (HCS) >= 10, or unhealthy if they had a HCS < 10.Results: Less than half (43.5%) of school canteens were deemed to be healthy. School canteens were more likely to be healthy if the canteen manager had a formal decision letter (OR=15.2; 95% CI=3.7-62.5); used print material messaging (OR= 3.2 to 4.6 times); or received inspection by external officers periodically (OR=2.8; 95% CI= 1.04-7.5). Readiness to reopen was 4.5 (OR=4.5; 95%CI: 1.1-17.9) times higher among schools that had their own canteen, and 4 (OR=3.9; 95% CI =1.1-13.8) times higher among schools located in rural areas, adjusting for the remaining variables.Conclusions: School canteen healthiness can be improved by implementing national food policy and healthy school canteen standards accompanied by the existence of good management practices within schools, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Should cats be allowed outdoors? A research survey on animal welfare risks for free-ranging cats in Brazil

Animal Welfare ◽

10.7120/09627286.30.3.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 331-339

Author(s):

DS Machado ◽

AFF Bragança ◽

IC Travnik ◽

AP Rossi ◽

AC Sant'Anna

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Research Survey ◽

Free Ranging ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

A need exists for research that contributes to estimating the risk factors associated with the management of outdoor cats (Felis silvestris catus) and addresses the lack of such surveys in Brazil and other Latin American countries. With this in mind we aimed to: i) identify the causal factors affecting the practice of owners allowing their cats to roam freely and; ii) evaluate potential welfare risks associated with the allowance of outdoor access, based on cat owners' reports. An online questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was answered by 8,485 Brazilian cat owners and logistic regression models used to obtain odds ratios. A number of the factors significantly related to owners allowing their cats to have outdoor access were unneutered cats, the manner in which the cat was acquired, residence in rural areas, the number of cats owned, the presence of other pets in the house, younger owner age, owner declaration of not being responsible for the cat, owner perception about the role of the cat in the house, owner knowledge about cats' potential for transmitting diseases, a lack of knowledge about zoonoses, and a lack of knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. The practice of allowing outdoor access was associated with significantly higher odds of owners reporting several welfare issues, such as frequent flea contamination, sporotrichosis, going missing, poisoning, mistreatment, and accidents. We conclude that the practice of allowing outdoor access, as reported by 37.1% of our respondents, may result in risks to feline welfare. Increasing public awareness through campaigns that highlight the risks associated with outdoor access would improve feline management practices and welfare.

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BOVISOL Project: Breeding and Management Practices of Indigenous Bovine Breeds: Solutions towards a Sustainable Future

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12239891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 9891

Author(s):

Sofiane Boudalia ◽

Samia Ben Said ◽

Dimitrios Tsiokos ◽

Aissam Bousbia ◽

Yassine Gueroui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

National Level ◽

Farming Systems ◽

World Population ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Slow Food ◽

Sustainable Future ◽

Mediterranean Countries

In order to deal with the effects of globalization, urbanization, increase in world population, global warming, and climate change; and according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 targets, which aim to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture, it is urgently needed to transform our agriculture and livestock farming systems by taking into account the environmental considerations. The Breeding and management practices of indigenous bovine breeds: Solutions towards a sustainable future (BOVISOL) project is a scientific cooperation between three Mediterranean countries (Greece, Tunisia and Algeria) supported and funded by the European Commission under the European Research Area Networks (ERA-NET) scheme of the 7th Framework Programme. This project has been formed around the hypothesis that the local bovine breeds must be preserved since they possess a valuable genetic pool, and they are a part of the landscape and the biodiversity of rural areas. Moreover, their products (milk, cheese, meat, etc.) could contribute significantly to the local economies as they could easily be associated with recent food trends like “local” and “slow food”, which are considered today, as, not only a mean of nutrition, but also a way of living and a part of people’s identity. BOVISOL project aims to: (i) identify the local breeds and populations in a national level, (ii) describe the existing farm and breeding practices, (iii) analyze the quality of the main local animal products, (iv) propose solutions that will promote the sustainability of the traditional farming systems, especially nowadays that climate change proposes new challenges on animal production, and (v) disseminate the solutions on all the levels of the sector (farmers, scientists, local communities, governmental agencies).

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Solid Waste Disposal in Rural Areas: Economic Implications

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200013844 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

Harry W. Ayer ◽

David W. Hogan

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

State Legislatures ◽

The United States ◽

Solid Waste Disposal ◽

Economic Implications

Solid waste disposal is a significant problem. It has been estimated that almost a ton of solid waste is collected per year per capita in the United States. Solid waste disposal, especially in rural areas, is frequently done in an unsanitary, potentially dangerous and often unslightly manner. To cope with these solid waste problems, both state legislatures and the Environmental Protection Agency are now in the process of requiring communities which presently utilize unsanitary disposal practices to upgrade their facilities and management practices. A sanitary landfill operation1 is usually the least-cost method of accomplishing these requirements, especially in rural areas.2 Quality facilities and management practices are not costless, however. It is estimated that the U.S. spends more than $4.5 billion each year on solid waste management, and more than 80 percent of this amount is for collection.

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Ambient Returns: Creative Capital's Contribution to Local Manufacturing Competitiveness

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/s1068280500009497 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 133-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Timothy R. Wojan ◽

David A. McGranahan

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Manufacturing Plants ◽

Advanced Technologies ◽

Employment Share ◽

Local Manufacturing ◽

Creative Workers ◽

Manufacturing Competitiveness ◽

The Cost

This paper addresses the possibility that competitive rural manufacturing is increasingly driven by quality-of-life factors required to attract highly skilled and creative workers. Recent findings that highly creative workers are drawn to amenity-rich rural areas provide the empirical leverage for testing anecdotal claims that these areas tend to contain small manufacturing bases that are more reliant on innovation. This contrasts with the cost advantage rationale of traditional rural manufacturing, an advantage that is eroding with increased globalization. The analysis provides the first empirical evidence that the start of entrepreneurial manufacturing plants and the adoption of advanced technologies and management practices are strongly associated with the local employment share in highly creative occupations.

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Assessment of the community vulnerability to extreme spring floods: the case of the Amga River, central Yakutia, Siberia

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2020.124 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. I. Tananaev ◽

V. A. Efremova ◽

T. N. Gavrilyeva ◽

O. T. Parfenova

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Flood Control ◽

Management Practices ◽

Snow Water Equivalent ◽

Risk Mitigation ◽

Control Structures ◽

Ice Jam ◽

Central Yakutia ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Water Stage

Abstract Spring floods in Siberia annually affect local communities. Major urban settlements in the region implemented flood control structures, so rural areas take a heavy beating. In 2018, spring floods severely hit multiple communities in central Yakutia, exposing deficient flood prevention and risk management practices. Notably, Amga village, an important local center, was severely inundated. Hydrological analysis shows that the 2018 flood had a 50-yr return period, and was caused by an ice jam in a nearby channel bend where mid-channel sand bars impede ice movement during breakup. The cold spells of late April and early May in the middle section of the river promote ice-jam development, causing extreme water stage rise. Highest water stage is unrelated to either winter snow water equivalent or early May rainfall. Estimated tangible direct damage to the Amga community equals 5.1B ($81.5M) in 2018 prices, but only 0.13B ($2.1M), or 2.5% of this total, was reclaimed. A questionnaire survey revealed that most residents report important deterioration of drinking water quality and health after flooding. Residents respond positively to risk mitigation actions, implemented by the local and regional authorities, except ice dusting and cutting, and report minor activity of official sources in spreading information on flood progress.

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