scholarly journals Change of Land Quality with the Introduction of the Biochar Combination and Cocoa Waste Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 464-472
Author(s):  
Iinnaninengseh Yunus Musa ◽  
Rismaneswati A. Rosmana
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

This study examines the introduction of a combination of cocoa husk biochar which has been a cocoa plantation waste combined with fermented cocoa leaf waste. This study was conducted in West Sulawesi. This study used a randomized block design using a factorial model where the first factor was the administration of cocoa husk biochar with 3 levels, namely without administration (B0), 6 kg plant biochar-1 (B1), 12 kg plant biochar-1(B2) while the second factor was application of fermented cocoa leaf waste (K) which consists of 3 levels, namely without giving cocoa leaf waste (K0), giving 6 kg plant-1 (K1), biochar 12 kg plant-1 (K2). The nine treatment combinations were repeated three times to obtain 27 plant samples. The analysed soil characteristics are calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) showed that the combination of cocoa rind Biochar and fermented cocoa leaf waste had an effect on increasing calcium (Ca) by 9.23. Magnesium 1.66 and for the element Potassium had no significant effect on the interaction of the combination of cocoa husk biochar and fermented cocoa leaf waste, but gave a very significant effect on the administration of biochar 12 kg plants-1.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus, Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria and Farmyard Manure on Nutrient Content and Uptake by Bt-Cotton

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
K. V. S. L. Raj Rushi ◽  
P. Prasuna Rani ◽  
P. R. K. Prasad ◽  
P. Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Aim: To determine the effect of integrated use of inorganic phosphorus along with phosphorus solubilising bacteria and farmyard manure on nutrient Content and uptake in Bt-Cotton. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Place of Study: At College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur district. Methodology: After the preliminary layout, the Tulasi-BG II hybrid of cotton was used as a test crop, with a spacing of 90 cm x 60 cm in the experimental site. Plant samples were collected at 45, 90 DAS, and harvest. Plant samples were shade dried and kept in hot air oven at 75°C until a constant weight was obtained. Samples were powdered and then analysed using standard chemical procedures. Results: The uptake of macronutrients viz., N, P, and K was markedly influenced by the treatments with maximum values recorded by the treatment that received 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB. Their uptake significantly differed with increase in dose of phosphorus applied at all growth stages. Combined use of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM + PSB resulted in a significant increase in uptake of all micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) at all stages except Cu at 90 DAS. Conclusion: Application of phosphorus combined with FYM and PSB not only reduce inorganic phosphorus fertilization but also enhance the uptake of nutrients and plant nutrient content by providing favourable conditions for plant growth. Application of 30 kg P2O5 ha-1+ PSB + FYM was found to be on a par with addition of only 60 kg ha-1P2O5. Hence the P dose can be reduced to half by integrating with PSB and FYM.

scholarly journals Application of Dosage Combinations of Evagrow Biofertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Characteristics, Growth and Yield of Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Merit ◽  
I Wayan Narka ◽  
Tatiek Kusmawati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

Research on the effect of dosage combination of Evagrow bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizers on soil properties, growth and yield of rice has been carried out in the glasshouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University using factorial experiment with a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor is Evagrow bio-fertilizer in 3 level, i.e. E0 (without bio-fertilizers), E1 (5 g bio-fertilizer/L) E2 (10 grams bio-fertilizer/L). The second factor is chemical fertilizer, which consists of 3 levels: K0 (without chemical fertilizers), K1 (150 kg Urea/ha + 75 kg SP36/ha + 37.5 kg KCl/ha), K2 (300 kg Urea/ha + 150 kg SP36/ha + 75 kg KCl/ha). The results showed that chemical fertilizers give a significant and very significant effect on most of the rice growth and yield parameters. The application of chemical fertilizers K1 and K2 increased yield of dry grain harvest to 52.87% and 102.54% compared to controls.  Application of Evagrow bio-fertilizer did not significantly increase growth and yield of rice. There is no interaction between chemical fertilizers and Evagrow bio- fertilizer.  Similarly to some of the soil characteristics, biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application did not show significant effect on most of the soil characteristics, except on salt levels.Keywords: Evagrow Biofertilizer, Inorganic Fertilizer, Oryza Sativa

scholarly journals Effect of Boron on Nutritional Quality of Groundnut Grown in Coastal Sandy Soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
K. M. Haneena ◽  
P. Venkata Subbaiah ◽  
Ch. Sujani Rao ◽  
K. Srinivasulu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake

Aim: To study the effect of boron on quality parameters and micronutrient uptake of groundnut in coastal sandy soils. Study Design: The experiment laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Place of Study: At College Farm, Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur. Methodology: After the preliminary layout, the TAG-24 variety of groundnut was used as a test crop, with a spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm in the experimental site. Plant samples were collected at 45, 90 DAS, and harvest. Plant samples were shade dried and kept in hot air oven at 75°C until a constant weight was obtained. Samples were powdered and then analysed for micronutrients using standard chemical procedures. Results: Protein content, boron content and uptake of micronutrients viz., iron, zinc, manganese, copper and boron were significantly improved with the application of boron in groundnut. Oil content and oil yield were not significantly influenced by the application of boron. The highest value of all these parameters were recorded in T4 (RDF + soil application of Borax @ 12.5 kg/ha). Conclusion: Application of boron along with RDF improved the nutritional quality of groundnut in coastal sandy soils.

scholarly journals Artificial shading promotes growth of taro plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira Gondim ◽  
Mário Puiatti ◽  
Fernando Luiz Finger ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Artificial Shading

ABSTRACT Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a plant with a long crop cycle, what hinders its cultivation in properties with area limitations. The association of crops is an option for this kind of situation. However, in order to plan the cultivation using the intercropping system, it is important to define the tolerance levels of the taro plants and the period of highest sensibility to shading. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the 'Japanese' taro crop, regarding growth, cultivated under levels and periods of artificial shading. A split-plot randomized block design, with 13 treatments and four replications, was used. The plots consisted of four shading levels (control = full sun, 18 %, 30 % and 50 % of shade), maintained throughout the cycle or during three months, in three periods (initial = 0-3 months; intermediate = 3-6 months; final = 6-9 months). The subplot was composed of eight plant samples (60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 days after planting). The shading levels increased the total and specific leaf area, leaf area and mass ratios and dry mass partition. Thus, the taro plants showed the capacity to make leaf adjustments to suit changes in light intensity. The shading intensity of 18 %, during the whole cycle or in any of the periods studied, provides a high expansion of the leaf area.

Innovation of Natural Preservation of Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Using Coconut Coconut Ashes with Drying Time Variations on Hedonics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika Agustina ◽  
Rita Sunartaty ◽  
Teuku Makmur
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Basic Ingredient ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salt Substitute ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Rastrelliger Kanagurta

Coconut frond ash is one of the wastes from coconut trees which has not been maximally utilized. Coconut frond ash contains MgCl2 and KCl so that it can be used as a salt substitute in the process of preserving fish. In this study coconut frond ash was used as a basic ingredient for making dried mackerel with a long time of drying to storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying time on mackerel storage. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors studied. The first factor is the drying time consists of 3 levels, namely P1 = 3 days, P2 = 4 days, P3 = 5 days. The second factor is storage which consists of 3 levels, namely S1 = 30 days, S2 = 60 days, S3 = 90 days. Each treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 18 experimental units to observed hedonic tests. From the results of the study it can be stated that the treatment has a very significant effect (P≥0.01) on the hedonic test which includes (color, aroma, taste and texture).

Kualitas Semen Cair Kambing Boer Berbahan Pengencer Air Kelapa Muda Varietas Viridis Setelah Simpan Dingin

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ade Salim ◽  
Muhammad Nur Ihsan ◽  
Nur Isnaini ◽  
Trinil Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

ABSTRAKAir kelapa muda varietas viridisdapat dijadikan pengencer aletrnatif semen cair bagi program IB di daerah minim sarana semen beku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan air kelapa muda viridissebagai bahan pengencer terhadap kualitas semen cair kambing Boer setelah didinginkan. Dilaksanakanselama 3 bulan di Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan UBUnit SumberSekar,Malang. Metodenya yaitu eksperimen. Semen dari  3 pejantan Boer umur 3-5 tahun, dikoleksi seminggu sekali dengan VB. Air kelapa mudaviridis umur 5-7 bulan serta tris aminomethane sebagai kontrol. Didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu P0 (tris aminomethane + 10% KT) dan  P1 (air kelapa muda viridis + 10% KT) masing-masing diulang 10 kali. Data dianalisis dengan analisis Ragam (Anova) dengan software Genstat 18. Variabelnya yaitu motilitas individu, viabilitas dan abnormalitas. Hasil penelitian yaitu motilitas individu pada P1bertahan sampai 4 hari (40,5± 24,3%), viabilitas terbaik sampai hari ke-5 (42±24,6%), abnormalitas terendah di hari ke-7(1,31± 0,6). Kesimpulannya, Pengencer air kelapa muda viridis dapat mempertahankan kualitas semen cair kambing Boer selama 4 hari untuk motilitas dan 5 hari untuk viabilitas.Kata Kunci:pengencer, air kelapa, varietas viridisABSTRACTYoung viridis coconut water could be used as an alternative to liquid semen diluent for artificial insemination program in the area with limited facility for frozen semen production. This study evaluated the use of young coconut water as a diluent on liquid semen quality of Boer goat after cold storage. This study was carried out for 3 months at Sumber Sekar Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Malang. The semen was collected from 3 Boer bucks aged at 3 to 5 years old. The semen collection was done once a week with the aid of artificial vagina. The diluents used were young Viridis coconut (5 to 7 months old) and tris aminomethane. The method used was an experiment in a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 10 replicates. The treatments used were T0: tris aminomethane + 10% egg yolk (control) and T1:  young Viridis coconut water + 10% egg yolk. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using Genstat 18 software. The variables measured were sperm individual motility, viability, and abnormality. The results showed that the sperm individual motility in T1 survived up to 4 days (40.5± 24.3%), the best viability at 5 days (42.0±24.6%),  while the lowest abnormality at 7 days (1.31±0.6). It could be concluded that: 1. Tris aminomethane diluent has higher quality with the storage length up to 9 days, 2. Young Viridis coconut water diluent could preserve liquid semen quality of Boer goat up to 4 days for sperm motility and 5 days for sperm viability.Keywords: diluents, coconut water, viridis variety

Combining ability and heterosis studies across environments in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sood ◽  
N. Kalia ◽  
S. Bhateria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Fibre Yield

Combining ability and heterosis were calculated for fourteen lines of linseed in a line × tester mating design using twelve lines and two diverse testers in two different environments. The hybrids and parental lines were raised in a completely randomized block design with three replications to investigate seed and fibre yield and their component traits. Genetic variation was significant for most of the traits over environments. Combining ability studies revealed that the lines KL-221 and LCK-9826 were good general combiners for seed yield and most of its components, whereas LMH-62 and LC-2323 were good general combiners for yield components only. Moreover, KL-221 was also a good general combiner for fibre yield. Similarly, B-509 and Ariane were good general combiners for fibre yield and most of its components. Among the specific cross combinations, B-509 × Flak-1 was outstanding for seed yield per plant and B-509 × KL-187 and LC-2323 × LCK-9826 for fibre yield per plant, with high SCA effects. In general, the hybrids excelled their respective parents and the standard checks for most of the characters studied. Based on the comparison of mean performance, SCA effects and the extent of heterosis, the hybrids LC-2323 × LCK-9826 and B-509 × KL-221 appeared to be the most promising for both seed and fibre yield. Other promising combinations were LC-2323 × KL-210 and B-509 × Ariane for seed and fibre yield, respectively. The superiority of LC-2323, LCK-9826, KL-221, B-509 and Ariane as good general combiners was further confirmed by the involvement of these parents in the desirable cross combinations.

PENGARUH KADAR PROTEIN DAN LEMAK PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KOMPOSISI BADAN IKAN KERAPU MACAN, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Usman Usman ◽  
Neltje Nobertine Palinggi ◽  
Kamaruddin Kamaruddin ◽  
Makmur Makmur ◽  
Rachmansyah Rachmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tiger Grouper ◽  
Test Fish ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
Protein Diets

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kebutuhan optimum kadar protein dan lemak pakan terhadap pertumbuhan dan komposisi badan ikan kerapu macan ukuran konsumsi. Sembilan pakan uji dibuat dalam bentuk moist pelet dengan tiga dosis protein (46%, 49%, dan 52%) dan tiga dosis lemak (9%, 11%, dan 13%). Ikan uji dipelihara dalam 27 keramba jaring apung ukuran 1 m x 1 m x 2 m selama 140 hari, diberi pakan uji secara satiasi dua kali sehari dan diset dalam rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial berdasarkan kelompok ukuran bobot awal ikan yaitu (i) 122,0±4,2 g; (ii) 144,0±7,1 g; dan (iii) 172,9±10,5 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan sintasan ikan relatif sama (>0,05) di antara perlakuan. Efisiensi pakan cenderung meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar protein dan lemak pakan. Tingkat efisiensi pemanfaatan protein cenderung menurun dengan meningkatnya kadar protein pakan, tetapi meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar lemak pakan. Hasil analisis proksimat badan ikan menunjukkan bahwa kadar bahan kering dan lemak ikan relatif tidak dipengaruhi (P>0,05) oleh peningkatan kadar protein pakan, namun kadar bahan kering dan lemak ikan tersebut sedikit naik dengan meningkatnya kadar lemak pakan. Kadar protein dan abu ikan relatif tidak dipengaruhi oleh perubahan kadar protein dan lemak pakan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini tampak bahwa pakan dengan kadar protein 49% dan lemak sekitar 11% mampu memberikan pertumbuhan dan komposisi badan ikan kerapu macan yang baik.This experiment was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary protein and lipid level for growth and body composition of tiger grouper. Nine dietary experiments were formulated to moist pellet contain three levels of protein (46%, 49%, and 52%) and three levels of lipid (9%, 11%, and 13%). The fish were fed twice daily to satiation for 140 days in twenty seven net cages of 1 m x 1 m x 2 m, were set up factorial randomized block design based on fish size group i.e. (i) 122.0±4.2 g, (ii) 144.0±7.1 g, and (iii) 172.9±10.5 g. The results shown that specific growth rate and survival rate were not significant different (P>0.05) for all treatments. Feed efficiency increased when protein and lipid content increased. Protein efficiency decreased when protein diets increased and increased when lipid diets increased. No interaction occurred between protein and lipid content to all observable biological variables. Dry matter and lipid content of test fish were not affected by protein diets increase but by lipid diet content. Protein and ash of test fish were not affected by either protein or lipid contained in diet. To assure high growth rates and high quality of fish product, it is suggested to feed tiger grouper with diet containing 49% protein and 11% lipid. 

Field Efficiency of Certain Biopesticides and Neem Products Against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on Chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad H. Mutlag ◽  
Ameer S. A. Al-Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis

A field study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of four microbial insecticides viz. Beauveria bassiana; HaNPV (Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus); (Bacillus thuringiensisvar.kurstaki 2 gm/L); HaNPV+Bt; neem oil; neem cake and D.D.V.P EC 76% @0.05% at Research Farm SHIATS,Allahabad during rabi season of 2011-2012. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatment and replicated thrice. The observation larval populations of H. armigera were recorded one day before treatment was recorded at 3,7, and 10 days after treatments. The larva population of H. armigera appeared in the third week of February (8 the Standard week) and reached its peak of 14.65 larvae in first week of April and decline rapidly with maturation of crop. There was only one peak in the larval population observation in the 1st week. Bacillus thuringiensis was the most effective chemical by D.D.V.P.76%@0.05% . Among the microbial insecticides. HaNPV ,was the most effective followed by HaNPV+Bt and neem cake . The combination treatments were less effective than the individual treatment neem oil and B. bassiana were the least effective treatment in reducing the larval population of Heliverpa armigera.

PENGARUH EKSTRAKSI DAN JENIS BAHAN PENGIKAT TERHADAP PERMEN TABLET BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Lina Widawati
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Score Test ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Correct Process ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Binding Agents

Noni (Morinda Citrifolia) is a herb which has effect to cure cancer, high blood pressure, etc. Makes the smell and the taste of noni less delicious because there are a number of organic acid like caproic acid and caprilic acid in noni. Therefore it needs an alternative product such as pressed candy. Correct process of extraction and addition of binding agents can produce the pressed candy with the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristic that are expected. The objective of  this research wash to know the optimum ratio of noni compared with ethanol so it can produce dry extrac of noni fruit with vitamin C and high activity antioxidant and also to know the influence of binding agents type in the making of noni pressed candy. This research use the Randomized Block Design (RBD), where at antecedent research consisted of 3 (three) levels which is ratio of noni fruit compared by ethanol (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) and best treatment used for the main research. Main research consisted of 3 (three) levels that was influence of binding agents type (maltodextrin 5%, gelatin 1,5% and gom arab 1%). Then its continued with the BNT test at ? = 0,05 (differing reality). Test of organoleptic done by hedonic score test. Best treatment uses multiple attribute method. The result of research show that the best treatment from dry filtrate of  noni fruit was with the ratio of noni fruit compared by ethanol = 1:3. Best treatment of noni fruit pressed candy is with the gelatin addition 1,5 %.

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