scholarly journals Soil reflectance and colouring of grape. Vine red light excitation could be decisive for grape berry quality

OENO One ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Robin ◽  
François-Xavier Sauvage ◽  
Martine Pradal ◽  
Marc Chovelon
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Light Excitation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conventional Systems

<p style="text-align: justify;">Various conditions of vine « solarisation » with sun light reflecting clothes partially colored in blue, green or red, were performed in field conditions during 1998 and 1999 years.The experiments were conducted both on table grapes (Muscat de Hambourg , Italia and Danuta) and on wine grapes varieties (Carignane, Mourvèdre, Shiraz, Muscat à petits grains). The « solarisation » clothes were set up at the cluster closure stage and removed at the harvest time. Effect of various experimental conditions on changes <em>in situ</em> berry colour was examined. The chromatic parameters using the Lab and LCH conventional systems were weekly measured on representative berry samples, and levels of significance of the obtained differences were determined by a variance analysis. Differences in the colouring dynamics and in the values of the chromatic parameters at harvest were statistically significant, in particular in function of the importance of the reflecting area set up per vinestock and also in function of the color of the reflecting cloth used. The results were compared to those obtained from various other analyses : reflectance spectra and composition of berries at harvest, tastings of the table grapes. As a main result, the red colour with a maximum of reflectance at 680 nm appeared as the more effective in improving quality of the berries. These results demonstrate the importance of the reflectance properties of the neighbours of the vine, in particular those of the soil of the parcel, on the composition and the quality of the grape. Moreover, they underline that these properties should be taken in account to explain some misunderstood terroir effects. Finally, they strongly suggest that the excitation of vine photoreceptor systems, specially with the clear red light, could be decisive in the signaling and regulatory mechanisms leading to an optimal ripeness of the grape.</p>

scholarly journals OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE AND BIOLOGY OF FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON GRAPE VINE GENOTYPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABRINA CRISTINA CORRÊA ◽  
CLEITON LUIZ WILLE ◽  
HADSON HOFFER ◽  
MARI INÊS CARISSIMI BOFF ◽  
CLÁUDIO ROBERTO FRANCO
Keyword(s):  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Plastic Containers

ABSTRACT Grape orchards are highly affected by oviposition of fruit flies on grape berries, which compromises the productivity and quality of the grapes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of American, European, and hybrid grape genotypes to Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2ºC, 60 ± 10% RH, and 14-hour photophase). The assays were conducted by evaluating oviposition preference through choice and no-choice (antibiosis) tests. The choice test was set up using circular arenas (diameter: 300 mm) with 10 grapes per genotype. The no-choice test was set up using 150 grapes per genotype which were placed inside plastic boxes (417 x 297 x 289 mm). After exposure of the grapes to one or two couples of fruit flies per genotype in choice and no-choice tests, respectively, the grapes were transferred to transparent plastic containers (750 mL). The number of eggs per grape and its viability were evaluated. The no-choice test also evaluated the biological cycle of the fruit flies. The assays were conducted in a completely randomized design with 15 replicates. The most preferred grapes for oviposition by A. fraterculus were Cabernet Sauvignon, Niagara Rosada, and BRS Cora, while C. capitata mainly preferred Isabel Precoce grapes. We observed the complete development of fruit flies in the Moscato Embrapa grapes, but this only occurred with C. capitata. All genotypes evaluated were considered susceptible to A. fraterculus and C. capitata. However, the fruit flies expressed differences in preference for oviposition and host quality.

scholarly journals Potential quality of grapes: basis of a practical estimation model

OENO One ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Alain Carbonneau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
General Experience

<p style="text-align: justify;">The agrometeorological model of potential grape berry sugar content joined to the carbon balance model of the triptych « Exposed Leaf Area – Dry Matter Production or Yield – Vigour », with the consideration of moderate water limitation standards and the general experience of berry maturity, lead to the proposal of a practical model for evaluating the potential grape berry quality useful for training vineyards.</p>

scholarly journals Boosting a Weather Monitoring System in Low Income Economies Using Open and Non-Conventional Systems: Data Quality Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Strigaro ◽  
Massimiliano Cannata ◽  
Milan Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
General Packet Radio Service ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conventional Systems

In low-income and developing countries, inadequate weather monitoring systems adversely affect the capacity of managing natural resources and related risks. Low-cost and IoT devices combined with a large diffusion of mobile connection and open technologies offer a possible solution to this problem. This research quantitatively evaluates the data quality of a non-conventional, low-cost and fully open system. The proposed novel solution was tested for a duration of 8 months, and the collected observations were compared with a nearby authoritative weather station. The experimental weather station is based in Arduino and transmits data through the 2G General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) to the istSOS which is a software to set-up a web service to collect, share and manage observations from sensor networks using the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The results demonstrated that this accessible solution produces data of appropriate quality for natural resource and risk management.

scholarly journals Uncertainty due to experimental conditions in co-ordinate measuring machines

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lobato ◽  
C Ferri ◽  
J Faraway ◽  
N Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Quantity ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Measuring Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Indication ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Set Up

Any measurement method of a physical quantity cannot provide an exact unequivocal result owing to the infinite amount of information necessary to characterize fully both the physical quantity to be measured and the measuring process. Therefore, a quantitative indication of the quality of a measurement result needs to be given to enable its reliable use. Uncertainty is one such indication. Provision of incorrect uncertainty statements for measurements performed by a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) may lead to very serious economic implications. In this study, the uncertainty of CMM measurements is estimated by a single parameter accounting for both systematic and random errors. The effects that environmental conditions (temperature), discretionary set-up parameters (probe extension, stylus length), and measuring plan decisions (number of points) have on uncertainty of measurements are then investigated. Interactions between such factors are also shown to be significant.

STUDY OF INACCURACY IN THE OPERATION OF THE MAIN CONTROLLER OF STB MACHINE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Experimental Data Processing ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Regulator ◽  
Transmission Gear ◽  
Selection Of

At production of fabrics, including fabrics for agricultural purpose, an important role is played by the cor-rect adjustment of operation of machine main regulator. The quality of setup of machine main controller is determined by the proper selection of rotation angle of warp beam weaving per one filling thread. In the pro-cess of using the regulator as a result of mistakes in adjustment, wear of transmission gear and backlashes in connections of details there are random changes in threads length. The purpose of the article is the research of property of random errors of basis giving by STB machine regulator. Mistakes can be both negative, and positive. In case of emergence only negative or only positive mistakes operation of the machine becomes im-possible as there will be a consecutive accumulation of mistakes. As a result of experimental data processing for stable process of weaving and the invariable diameter of basis threads winding of threads it is revealed that the random error of giving is set up as linear function of the accidental length having normal distribution. Measurements of accidental deviations in giving of a basis by the main regulator allowed to construct a curve of normal distribution of its actual length for one pass of weft thread. The presented curve of distribution of random errors in giving of a basis is the displaced curve of normal distribution of the accidental sizes. Also we define the density of probability of normal distribution of basis giving errors connected with a margin er-ror operation of the main regulator knowing of which allows to plan ways of their decrease that is important for improvement of quality of the produced fabrics.

The Rotterdam Initiative in Reducing Waste Discharges at Source

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
T. Vellinga ◽  
J. P. J. Nijssen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Detailed Balance ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
The North ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Set Up

Much of the material dredged from the port of Rotterdam is contaminated to such a degree that it must be placed in specially constructed sites. The aim of Rotterdam is to ensure that the dredged material will once again be clean. This will entail the thorough cleansing of the sources of the contamination of the sediment in the harbours and in the River Rhine. The Rotterdam Rhine Research Project (RRP) is one of the means to achieve this based on: technical research, legal research, public relations and dialogues with dischargers. The programme for five selected heavy metals is almost complete. For many heavy metal discharge points between Rotterdam and Rheinfelden, a specially devised independent load assessment has been carried out four times. Balance studies were used to determine the relative contributions of the point discharges to the total. Currently the results are being used in an attempt to negotiate agreements with a selected number of the major dischargers. At present, more detailed balance studies are being set up and exploratory measurements carried out for organic micropollutants. It may be concluded that the research is progressing successfully and methods and techniques developed seem satisfactory and broadly applicable. The Rhine Action Programme encompasses an international effort to improve the quality of the Rhine water. Although the RRP plays a modest complementary role to the Rhine Action Plan, there is no doubt of the value of this Rotterdam initiative. The mode of work followed in the RRP contains elements that can be of use in combatting the contamination of the North Sea by rivers other than the Rhine.

What Advantages Can Be Expected from the Acceptance of Variable Quality Standards for Sewage Treatment Effluents?

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
Jacques Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Economical Benefit ◽  
Quality Objective ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Variable Quality

The flow and the water quality of the rivers vary throughout the year. Very frequently the environment protection authorities set up a quality objective for the river water and this mini mum quality level is constant. So, it wou1d seem possible to accept variable quality standards for plant effluents. A first approach of the problem,by a small French task group,based on three actual cases leads to the provisory conclusion that such a regulation is suitable and presents economical benefit only in some very limit ed cases.

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